Diet formula for cats suffering from chronic kidney diseases
阅读说明：本技术 猫慢性肾脏疾病饮食配方 (Diet formula for cats suffering from chronic kidney diseases ) 是由 张璐 于 2019-04-10 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种猫慢性肾脏疾病饮食配方。配方可用于制备控制猫慢性肾脏疾病的发展和并发症出现的功能性食品。在优选的方案中,配方提供了多种食物成分混合,并通过对磷蛋白比的调整生成用于控制和预防猫慢性肾脏疾病的发展和并发症出现的功能性食品。(The invention discloses a cat chronic kidney disease diet formula. The formula can be used for preparing functional food for controlling the development and the occurrence of complications of the chronic kidney diseases of the cats. In a preferred embodiment, the formulation provides a blend of food ingredients and produces a functional food product for controlling and preventing the development of chronic kidney disease and the occurrence of complications in cats by adjusting the phosphoprotein ratio.)
1.A dietary formulation wherein phosphorus is present in an amount of not more than 0.05-0.3% by weight of the formulation, protein is present in an amount of not less than 55-68% by weight of the dry matter of the dietary formulation, and wherein the ratio of phosphorus and protein is not more than 3-9mg/g, characterised in that the formulation contains moisture in an amount of not less than 60% by weight of the formulation and fat in an amount of not less than 32% by weight of the dry matter of the formulation.
2. The dietary formulation of claim 1 wherein the protein and fat are derived from animal tissue.
3. The dietary formulation of claim 2 wherein the animal tissue is selected from one or more of poultry, livestock, fish, and eggs.
4. The dietary formulation of claim 1 wherein the carbohydrate is present in an amount of no more than 2-10% by weight of dry matter of the formulation.
5. The dietary formulation of claim 1 wherein the ratio of calcium to phosphorus is at least about 1.5: 1 to about 1.2: 1.
6. The dietary formulation of claim 1 wherein taurine, Omega-3, multivitamins, a source of calcium, and a source of potassium are supplemented.
7. Use of a dietary formulation for the manufacture of a functional food or nutraceutical for controlling the development and the occurrence of complications of chronic kidney disease in a mammal.
8. The use of claim 7, wherein the mammal is a feline, but is not limited to a feline.
9. The use of claim 7, wherein the complications of chronic kidney disease refer to hyperphosphatemia, hypophosphatemia, anemia, hyperparathyroidism, and renal bone disease in dogs and cats caused by chronic kidney disease.
10. A preparation method of a cat chronic kidney disease diet formula with a phosphoprotein ratio not higher than 3-9mg/g comprises the following steps: leaching and heat treating animal tissue, mixing the treated animal tissue, vitamins, and supplements to form a mixture, sterilizing and filling by conventional food manufacturing technology. Wherein the solvent used for the leaching treatment and the heat treatment is distilled water. The products with different phosphoprotein ratios are formed by controlling the leaching treatment and the heat treatment conditions (temperature, time, pressure and the like).
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a chronic kidney disease dietary formulation, and more particularly to a nutritional source configured to control the progression and complications of chronic kidney disease in cats.
Background
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a common Chronic Disease in humans and animals. The incidence of CKD in felines is 1% -3%, with the incidence of CKD in felines older than ten years being about 10% (Brown SA. management of viral kit disease. in Elliott J, Grauer GF (eds): BSAVA Manual of cancer and Feline electronics and Urole, 2 end. glouter (UK): BSAVA, 2007, pp 223-. Chronic kidney disease is the main cause of death in aged cats.
The development of CKD and impairment of renal function are irreversible. CKD is divided into four stages according to the course of the disease: renal function compensation stage, renal insufficiency stage, renal failure stage, and uremia stage. With the development of CKD and loss of kidney function, the urine concentrating ability (water retaining ability) is rapidly lost and dehydration occurs in the affected cats. The desert habits of cats make them extremely insensitive to thirst and dehydration, do not like drinking water, and are difficult to correct dehydration by voluntary drinking water. Not only does the additional subcutaneous fluid infusion increase kidney burden, but cats may experience worsening of anemia and pulmonary edema due to excessive fluid infusion. Thus, a moisture enriched diet is a preferred choice for CKD cats requiring water supplementation.
The continuous progression of CKD causes progressive decline in kidney function in the affected cats, accompanied by symptoms such as weight loss and anorexia. Cats with primary CKD are in a catabolic state (catabolic state) and break down proteins (muscle tissue) in the body, raising the concentration of urea nitrogen, blood and blood potassium in the blood. Nutrition is the primary method of treating CKD. When insufficient protein supply in a ration fails to meet the protein demand of cats, reduced renal blood flow, protein consumption (weight loss, muscle atrophy and reduced serum albumin concentration), anemia and acidosis, or a worsening of the condition can occur. Limiting protein intake in the diet often causes a decrease in glomerular filtration rate. Protein loss can compromise red blood cell formation and anemia caused by CKD can be further exacerbated. The nutritional treatment should reduce the catabolism of endogenous proteins in the affected cat and promote protein synthesis. The high-quality protein has high content of essential amino acid, high utilization rate of synthesized protein, and less metabolic waste. Daily ration rich in high Biological Value (BV) high-quality protein should be given to the sick cat to ensure the life quality. In a classical study by Rogers QR, Morris JG, Freeland RA et al, two groups of cats were fed diets of different protein content, respectively. The research finds that: the activity of amino acid metabolizing enzymes and urea cycle enzymes in the cat is hardly changed, regardless of the protein content in the food; the body will undergo protein metabolism at all times no matter what kind of food the cat is fed to, whether the cat is eating or not; without sufficient metabolism of dietary proteins, they can only obtain the desired protein by metabolizing their own muscles. (Rogers QR, Morris JG, freedland RA. Lock of hepatic enzymatic adaptation to low and high Levels of metabolic in the adduct cat 1977; 22: 348-
In traditional dietotherapy, traditional renal dietary regimens reduce protein levels in cats in order to avoid the development of hyperammonemia, and instead have low levels of plant protein and high levels of carbohydrates. However, cats lack the regulatory mechanisms of amino acid metabolizing enzymes and urea recycling enzymes and are unable to reduce the rate at which the body metabolizes proteins. Physiological mechanisms in cats also result in low utilization of Carbohydrates (CHO). First, cats lack salivary amylase. Second, the intestinal and pancreatic amylase activities of cats were low, and the intestinal diglycosidase activity in the small intestine to break down CHO was low. The high levels of CHO in the diet, which include increased gastrointestinal flow rates in cats, reduce protein digestibility in cats. Incomplete CHO digestion in the small intestine increases the burden on the pancreas and small intestine, resulting in an increase in microorganisms and organic acids in the colon. (Kienzle E.Carbohydrylation of the cat1.Activity of the amylase in the organic nutrient tract of the cat 1.J. Anim Physiol animal Nutr 1993; 69: 92-101.) (Kienzle E.Carbohydrylation of the cat 2.gelatin of the starch.J. Anim Physiol animal Nutr 1993; 69: 102. 114.) (Kienzle E.Effects of carbohydrate derivative in the cat J Nutr 1994; 124: 2568S-2571S.) in traditional renal dietary formulas, excess CHO increased the risk to cats that the low content of essential amino acids and low bioavailability of plant-derived proteins increases the risk of feline malnutrition (Engyl PEM ).
Most clinical studies evaluating protein intake restriction in CKD treatment are performed in human patients with CKD. Most of these studies show that limiting protein intake does not have a positive effect on the patient. The patients develop protein energy malnutrition and other symptoms after long-term adherence to low-protein diet. The study by Rufino M et al (Rufino M, De BonisE, Martin M, Rebollo S, Martin B, Miquel R, Cobo M, Hernandez D, Torres A, Lorenzo V: it porous to control hypophosphataemia with set, with out indicating protein nuclear transfer (1998) 13: [ Supp 13 ]: 65-67.) shows that prevention of hyperphosphatemia should not be at the expense of malnutrition by restriction of protein intake. A study by Katherine E.Lynch et al (Katherine E.Lynch, Recacca Lynch, Gary C. Curran, Steven M.Bruneli: Presscripted dietary phosphate restriction and subvalvular amplitude modulation kinetics Patients, ClinJ Am Soc Nephrol 6: 620. 629, 2011.) found that limiting dietary phosphorus intake by limiting the intake of high-quality proteins (animal-derived proteins) did not improve the survival of dialysis patients, but was accompanied by a higher mortality. RajnishMehrotra et al found in studies (Rajnish Mehrotra, Karl D. Nolph: Low protein peptides alone not connected in chromatographic real failure. Miner electric component Metab 1999; 25: 311-: (1) adherence to Low Protein Diets (LPDs) in renal patients is difficult (2) patients with renal disease who adhere to LPD for a long time have a great question about the safety of LPD; (3) renal patients with well-maintained nutrition develop malnutrition symptoms such as weight loss after long-term adherence to LPD. Difficulties with LPD compliance were also evidenced by the effects of Ione de Brio Ashust et al on controlling blood phosphorus levels in dialysis patients by studying dietary educational intervention. (ion de BritoAshurst, BSc, PGDip, Hash Dobbie, MB, MRCP. A random controlled three of atomic interaction to advanced phosphor levels in physiological orientations. Journal of Journal number 13, No. 4(October), 2003: 267-274.)
In 2015 the famous feline physician Gary d.norsport published a text "low dietary infection is silent to treat" In the upper via a low-protein diet. now the lower via is to be used for the upper via a high-protein diet. the lower via is to be used for the lower dietary protein, which is believed to cause the loss of the muscle from the upper via a high-protein diet, but the lower protein diet is not to be used for the lower dietary protein, which is thought to cause the loss of the lower protein from the upper via a high-protein diet, many cats with nephropathy have prominent and weak patella and spine. )
The kidney plays a key role in phosphate regulation, and phosphate homeostasis is disturbed in cats with chronic kidney disease (hereinafter CKD cats). Phosphorus retention in the early stage of CKD, phosphorus accumulation in the late stage of CKD, and hyperphosphatemia in the late stage of CKD are key links in the progression of CKD mineral and bone abnormalities (CKD-MBD). (Jorge B. Cannat-Andia, Kevin J. Martin. the change of controlling phosphor in renal kidney Diaase. nephrol Dial Transplant (2016) 31: 541: 547.) hyperphosphatemia is a common complication in CKD cats and is also an independent risk factor for secondary hyperparathyroidism and renal bone disease in CKD cats.
Control of blood phosphorus in various stages of CKD is considered to be an important means of improving the clinical efficacy of CKD. The blood phosphorus restriction targets set by the International Renal Interest association IRIS (IRIS): 0.9-1.49mmol/l of IRIS 2-order ideal serum phosphorus; IRIS 3-order Ideal serum phosphorus of less than 1.6 mmol/l; IRIS 4-stage is ideally less than 1.9mmol/l of serum phosphorus. Chew reports on the folona animal medicine association 2015 university of "Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in dogs and cats-standing and management strategies" by the small animal nephrologist dr. Even though the serum phosphorus index appears to be within the normal range, there is actually phosphorus retention. The phosphorus burden of the sick cat can be reduced by controlling the blood phosphorus to be less than 1.45 mmol/l. "
Treatment regimens for the control of blood phosphorus include dialysis, enteric phosphate binders and dietary phosphorus restriction. The efficiency of removing phosphorus by dialysis is lower than that of uremia and other small molecules, the effect of controlling blood phosphorus by simply depending on dialysis is not ideal, the phosphorus removal efficiency can be improved by increasing the time and the frequency of dialysis, but excessive dialysis can cause a large amount of lost protein and amino acid of the sick cat, promote the protein catabolism in the sick cat, cause negative nitrogen balance and increase the risk of the sick cat PEM. Enteric phosphate binders can only remove 40% of the phosphorus, and increasing phosphate binders is an effective measure to reduce phosphorus load in cats, whereas excessive use of phosphate binders can lead to increased calcium load, gastrointestinal dysfunction, and heavy metal poisoning. Dietary phosphorus restriction is therefore critical for the control of blood phosphorus. The ingestion of phosphorus in the carnivorous diet of the cat is large, and the aim of controlling the blood phosphorus is difficult to achieve, so the development of a cat chronic kidney disease diet formula which greatly limits phosphorus but not protein has extremely high market prospect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for solving complications of CKD cats such as anorexia, dehydration, weight loss, hyperphosphatemia and the like caused by renal function reduction. In accordance with the above objects, the present invention provides a dietary formulation and method for treating cats with chronic kidney disease. The dietary formulation can ensure and improve the quality of life of the affected cat, and control the development of CKD and the occurrence of complications.
One aspect of the present invention describes a dietary formulation comprising moisture in an amount of about 55% to 85% by weight of the formulation. In other embodiments, moisture is present in the dietary formulation in an amount of at least about 60% to 80%, or in the dietary formulation in an amount of at least about 65% to 70%.
In some embodiments, the dietary formulation comprises carbohydrate in an amount less than about 10% of the dry matter ratio of the dietary formulation. In certain embodiments, the carbohydrate is present in the dietary formulation in an amount no greater than 5% dry matter. In other embodiments, the carbohydrate is present in the dietary formulation in an amount of no greater than 2% dry matter.
In some embodiments, the dietary formulation comprises protein in an amount of about 55% to about 68% of the dry matter of the formulation, with greater than 99% of the protein being animal derived protein. In other certain embodiments, the protein is at least about 60% to 68% of the dietary formulation dry matter, or at least about 62% to 65% of the dietary formulation dry matter.
In some embodiments, the dietary formulation comprises about 32% to about 40% fat on a dry matter basis of the formulation, with greater than 99% of the fat being of animal origin. In other certain embodiments, the fat is at least about 32% to 35% of the dietary formulation dry matter, or at least about 35% to 40% of the dietary formulation dry matter ratio.
In some embodiments, the dietary formulation comprises protein and fat in a ratio of about 2: 1. In certain embodiments, the ratio of protein to fat is at least about 1: 1.
In some embodiments, the dietary formulation contains no more than 0.12% to 0.3% by weight phosphorus. In certain other embodiments, the dietary formulation contains no more than 0.15% to 0.22% by weight phosphorus.
In some embodiments, the dietary formulation is prepared to have a phosphorus content of no more than about 80 weight percent of the phosphorus content of the feedstock without a reduction in phosphorus content. In certain embodiments, the low phosphorus compositions are prepared to have a phosphorus content of no more than about 60 weight percent of the phosphorus content of the feedstock without a reduction in phosphorus content. In certain embodiments, the low phosphorus compositions are prepared to have a phosphorus content of no more than about 40 weight percent of the phosphorus content of the feedstock without a reduction in phosphorus content.
In some embodiments, the dietary formulation has a phosphorus/protein ratio of not greater than 3-11 mg/g. In certain embodiments, the dietary formulation has a phosphorus/protein ratio of not greater than 3-9mg/g, or not greater than 5-8 mg/g. More than 99% of the protein is animal source protein.
In some embodiments, the dietary formulation provides calcium in an amount of about 0.16% to about 0.4% by weight of the formulation. In certain other embodiments, the dietary formulation provides not greater than 0.2% -0.3% by weight calcium.
In some embodiments, the dietary formulation comprises calcium and phosphorus in a ratio of at least about 1: 1. In certain embodiments, the ratio of calcium to phosphorus is at least about 1.5: 1 to 1.2: 1.
In some embodiments, the dietary formulation provides 0.25% to 0.6% potassium by weight of the formulation. In certain other embodiments, the dietary formulation provides from 0.35% to 0.5% by weight potassium.
In some embodiments, the dietary formulation comprises no more than 0.06% to 0.13% by weight sodium. In other embodiments, the dietary formulation comprises from no more than 0.08% to 0.1% by weight sodium.
In some embodiments, the dietary formulation provides 0.3% to 0.7% omega-3 by weight. In other embodiments, in embodiments, the dietary formulation provides not less than 0.4% to 0.6% omega-3 by weight.
In some embodiments, the dietary formulation provides 0.3% to 0.6% by weight taurine. In other embodiments, the dietary formulation provides not less than 0.4% to 0.5% by weight taurine.
In certain embodiments, the dietary formulation is a pet food for cats. The food can be made into liquid food, and can be used for feeding cat through nasogastric tube or pharyngeal tube. In other embodiments, the dietary regimen may be a wet food.
The protein contained in the diet formula is high-quality protein (BV 70-100) with high biological value, and particularly has the effects of erythropoiesis, weight increase, protein catabolism improvement, renal blood flow increase and the like. The dietary formulations of the present invention contain protein derived from meat, meat by-products and eggs. Meat includes meat of poultry, livestock and fish, such as chicken, duck, cattle, sheep, etc. The meat by-product comprises viscera of the above-mentioned animals.
Endogenous proteins will be degraded when the protein intake by the sick cat is insufficient to meet the energy requirements of the body. There are numerous studies that indicate that macronutrient (protein, fat and carbohydrate) balance is a major driver of foraging in herbivores and omnivores. It is generally believed that the selection of food by carnivores (domestic cats, dogs) is often influenced to a greater extent by flavour/aroma. However, based on new findings, the main driver of the long-term food selection and intake of carnivores (domestic cats) is also macronutrient balance rather than flavor and aroma. The carbohydrates in the final choosen diet of the cats in the study provided very little energy, with protein and fat each occupying about 50% of the daily energy intake of the cat. This is similar to wild cat nutrient intake of 52: 46: 2 (energy ratio derived from protein, fat and carbohydrate). (Adrian K.Hewson-Hughes, Alison Colyer, Stephen J.Simpson, David Raubenheimer, Balancing macro nutrient intake a mammalian carbonivore: discrete the intake of the intake and the intake of the intake flavor: NO 1(June), 2016.)
Considering that the weight percentage of the protein in the diet formula of the sick cat is too low, the driving force of the sick cat for eating is reduced, the ingested energy is insufficient to meet the energy requirement of the body, the protein is differentiated, and the low nutrition state is aggravated. The dietary formulation contains not less than 8.8g protein per 100 cal. Considering mild or severe azotemia in animals with CKD, the dietary formulation contains no more than 14.3g protein per 100 cal. In addition, the dietary formulation of the present invention should contain 32% to 45% fat as a source of calories. The dietary formulations of the present invention contain fat derived from animal tissue, such as animal fat, fish oil, meat by-products, and eggs and mixtures thereof. The dietary formulations of the present invention do not additionally include a source of carbohydrate, based on the large amount of carbohydrate that may present an unknown risk to the cat.
Further, in the dietary formulations of the present invention, it is desirable that the phosphorus is not higher than 0.3%, which is achieved by:
the present invention contemplates the use of heat treatment to affect the mineral content of the raw material by altering the solubility of the minerals in the raw material and destroying muscle fibers. The expulsion of minerals (phosphates) from the inside and outside of the cells and from the cell membranes of the phospholipid cells is induced by heating the raw materials used in the dietary formulations of the present invention in boiling distilled water at 100 ℃ for at least 5 to 30 minutes. After the raw material is taken out of the boiling water, the effective transfer of phosphate from the raw material to the boiling water can be clearly shown by detecting the phosphorus content in the boiling water. Distilled water is one of the keys, has the greatest difference in osmotic pressure from the cell to other liquids that may be used to process the raw material, and does not contribute to recontamination of the raw material by minerals in the other liquids (tap water).
In one aspect, the leaching process also removes free minerals from the raw materials in the dietary formulations of the present invention, considering that the sarcoplasmic and surrounding semi-fluid, low viscosity sol phase of the meat tissue is rich in water soluble minerals and is readily soluble in water. The minerals are dissolved in distilled water by leaching the raw materials with distilled water. Preferably, distilled water is used at a temperature of 25 ℃ to 30 ℃. Different leaching temperatures have different influences on minerals in meat, and the effect is most obvious at 25-30 ℃ in a non-boiling state.
The research shows that the restriction of the phosphorus intake of the livestock suffering from the advanced chronic nephrosis still restricts the secretion of the parathyroid hormone by a mechanism which is independent of the concentration of serum calcium ions or calcitriol.
Further, the dietary formulations of the present invention desirably do not contain too low a level of calcium while limiting phosphorus. In the body, calcium and phosphorus are kept relatively constant, and when blood phosphorus rises, blood calcium drops, and when blood calcium rises, blood phosphorus drops. Sick animals in the middle and late stages of CKD often have severe hyperphosphatemia. Hyperphosphatemia can lead to a deficiency in calceriol, leading to reduced calcium absorption by the gut, and also to hypocalcemia in the bone against the action of the parathyroid gland. Preferably, the total amount of calcium in the dietary formulation according to the invention is not less than 0.16g per 100 g. The calcium source is preferably egg shell used in diet formula, and calcium can be extracted from the above materials by refining. The above materials were used directly as a source of calcium by micronizing to 1000 mesh in consideration of palatability.
The dietary formulations of the present invention comprise at least 0.3 grams of omega-3 per 100 grams. The supplement of omega-3 in an increased amount has positive effects in reducing inflammation and platelet aggregation, and increasing renal blood flow, and has kidney protecting effect. The omega-3 may be extracted from the fish used in the diet formulation of the present invention or may be added to commercially available products. Preferably, the ratio of omega-3 to omega-6 in the dietary formulation is about 5: 1.
Taurine is rich in raw materials such as poultry, livestock, and deep-sea fish, and can be extracted from the above raw materials, purified, and used in the present invention, or commercially available taurine can be added. The taurine-rich material can be used as a protein source.
Because the kidney of CKD animals has weakened vitamin retention capacity, the diet formula of the invention is also added with water-soluble vitamins (vitamin B, vitamin C and the like).
CKD animals have decreased renal excretion of sulfate and phosphate, resulting in decreased excretion of hydrogen ions and increased bicarbonate loss, causing acidosis. Sodium bicarbonate and potassium citrate are commonly supplemented clinically to correct acidosis. However, an excess of sodium bicarbonate may aggravate hypertension in affected animals and lead to a deficiency of ionized calcium. In view of hypokalemia associated with CKD cats, potassium citrate is added to the dietary formulation to help reduce acidosis and supplement potassium depletion.
The dietary formulations of the present invention should be formulated to contain not less than 55% by weight moisture and should be provided in a convenient form for feeding. Preferably, the liquid food contains 85g of water per 100g, and the wet food contains 65g of water per 100 g.
When the dietary formulation of the present invention is prepared into a food, it may be packaged in a unit of a single feeding amount. The "packaging form of a single-feeding-amount unit" is a form in which the weight of food to be fed per time is set in advance. For example, the liquid food and the wet food may be packaged in a container such as a bag, a pouch, or a can in a form of a single-dose feed amount.
The invention also provides methods of controlling the progression of CKD in a diseased animal by reducing the symptoms of CKD by feeding the dietary formulations of the invention. The amount of nutrients in the dietary formulation can be adjusted according to the particular needs of the cat breed and the stage or severity of CKD in the animal. Veterinarians will be able to provide guidance on the dietary formulation to be administered to the animal and to adjust other parameters of the diet (e.g. to provide blood potassium control).
Another aspect of the invention features a method for controlling the development of chronic kidney disease in a feline that includes administering to the feline a dietary formulation of the type described above. In various embodiments, chronic kidney disease can be caused by a variety of causes. While the present invention relates to a dietary formulation for cat CKD, the invention is not limited to cats and in other embodiments canine foods can be formulated in accordance with the present disclosure.
The dietary formulations of the present invention may be manufactured by conventional food manufacturing techniques.
It should be noted that when CKD cats are fed a diet formulated in accordance with the present invention and ingested in sufficient quantities, an increase or decrease in blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine concentration does not indicate a rate of renal function deterioration.
The criteria for treatment with the dietary formulations of the present invention are: the method has the advantages of stable urea nitrogen in blood, stable concentration of serum creatinine, stable concentration of serum protein, good and proper water state maintenance, ion balance control, weight gain and stability maintenance, and blood phosphorus value below 1.45 mmol/l.
When CKD animals exhibit the above-described conditions, successful use of the dietary formulations of the present invention is indicated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a bar graph showing the results of a palatability study of a dietary formulation of the invention for cats with kidney disease compared to two conventional wet pet kidney prescription food brands; in the figure, A is a diet formula product of the invention, B is a conventional wet pet kidney formula food brand; c is another conventional wet pet kidney formula food brand.
FIG. 2 is a histogram showing the results of a study comparing the phosphorus/protein ratio of two conventional wet pet kidney formula food brands to the phosphorus/protein ratio of the dietary formulations of the present invention. In the figure, A is a diet formula product of the invention, B is a conventional wet pet kidney formula food brand; c is another conventional wet pet kidney formula food brand.
FIG. 3 is a graphFigure shows the mean body weight (kg) change in CKD cats on a commercial kidney prescription diet of the invention or control group provided with the experimental group. Samples were taken at
Fig. 4 is a line graph showing the change in mean blood phosphorus concentration (mg/dl) in CKD cats on a commercial kidney prescription diet of the invention or a control group provided with the experimental group diet formulation. Samples were taken at
FIG. 5 is a line graph showing CKD cat blood in a commercial kidney prescription diet of a diet of the experimental group dietary formulations of the present invention or a control group
Fig. 6 is a line graph showing the change in mean urea nitrogen (mg/dl) concentration in blood of CKD cats on a commercial kidney prescription diet of the invention or a control group provided with the experimental group diet formulation. Samples were taken at
Detailed Description
The raw material is treated by leaching to dissolve water-soluble minerals soluble in the cells of the animal tissue in distilled water. The mineral substance dissolving efficiency is improved by replacing sufficient leachate for many times and increasing leaching time, so that the mineral substance is transferred into the leachate. The difference of osmotic pressure between distilled water and animal tissue fluid and cell fluid containing soluble minerals is the largest, and the use of distilled water can increase leaching efficiency. The phosphorus can be discharged by 10 to 20 percent by using distilled water at 25 ℃ for 2 hours.
And then the raw material subjected to leaching treatment is subjected to heat treatment. The raw material subjected to leaching treatment is immersed in distilled water at 100 ℃ and heated to induce discharge of minerals from inside and outside of the cells and from the cell membranes of the phospholipid cells. Wherein the distilled water does not cause recontamination of the raw material by minerals in other liquids (tap water). Better results can be obtained by changing the conditions (pressure, temperature, time) of the heat treatment, such as pressure, temperature, time, and discharging 27% to 50% of the phosphorus in the raw material subjected to leaching again.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples. It should be recognized, however, that these specific examples are included merely for purposes of illustration and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention unless otherwise specifically indicated.
Example 1: moist food I prepared according to the diet formulation
Prepared as shown in table 1-1 from the following: about 25 wt% duck breast meat, about 24 wt% chicken leg meat, about 17.4 wt% chicken breast meat, about 13 wt% chicken heart, about 5.7 wt% chicken liver, about 11.6 wt% whole egg liquid, about 2.4 wt% eggshell powder, about 1.5 wt% chicken fat, about 0.3 wt% omega-3, about 0.5 wt% taurine, about 0.35 wt% potassium citrate, and about 0.5 wt% multivitamins. The duck breast meat, chicken leg meat and chicken breast meat are put into distilled water of 25 ℃ to be leached for 1.5h, and the chicken heart and the chicken liver are separately leached. Heating duck heart and duck liver in boiling water bath for 10min, and heating chicken thigh meat, chicken breast meat and duck breast meat in boiling water bath for 20 min. And taking out the raw materials after heating, placing the raw materials in water for soaking until the raw materials are cooled. The water used in the above steps is distilled water. Cooling to room temperature, taking out the raw materials, and crushing. The aperture of the grating plate used for stirring is 6-8 mm. Adding egg liquid, egg shell powder, omega-3, taurine, potassium citrate, compound vitamins and the like, uniformly mixing, filling into a specific package, and sterilizing in a conventional mode. The wet food thus obtained had a phosphoprotein ratio of about 6.36mg/g and the nutritional ingredients are shown in tables 1-2. 1000g of raw material without treatment contained 1780mg of total phosphorus, while the wet food contained 956mg of total phosphorus, the phosphorus content was reduced by 46%.
TABLE 1-1 ingredient Table
TABLE 1-2 nutrient composition Table
Example 2: moist food II prepared according to the diet formulation
Prepared as shown in Table 2-1 from the following: about 32 wt% of beef leg, about 26.3 wt% of beef brisket, about 13 wt% of beef heart, about 5.5 wt% of beef liver, about 19.8 wt% of egg white, about 1.5 wt% of beef fat, about 0.32 wt% of omega-3, about 0.22 wt% of calcium carbonate powder, about 0.5 wt% of taurine, about 0.36 wt% of potassium citrate and about 0.5 wt% of vitamin complex. The beef leg meat and beef brisket meat are put into distilled water of 25 ℃ to be leached for 3 hours, and the beef heart and beef liver need to be leached separately. According to the raw material specification, boiling in batch, heating beef heart and beef liver in boiling water bath for 15min, and heating beef in high pressure water bath for 40 min. And taking out the raw materials after heating to be soaked in fresh distilled water until the raw materials are cooled. Cooling to room temperature, taking out the raw materials, and crushing. The aperture of the grating plate used for the stirring is 4-6 mm. Adding egg liquid, egg shell powder, omega-3, taurine, potassium citrate, compound vitamins and the like, uniformly mixing, filling into a specific package, and sterilizing in a conventional mode. The phosphoprotein ratio of the wet food was about 5.06mg/g, and the nutritional ingredients were as shown in Table 2-2. 1000g of raw material without treatment contained 1568mg of total phosphorus, while the wet food contained 540mg of total phosphorus, the phosphorus content was reduced by 65%.
TABLE 2-1 ingredient Table
TABLE 2-2 nutrient composition Table
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