阅读说明：本技术 用于车辆对车辆通信的稳健的可见光通信 (Robust visible light communication for vehicle-to-vehicle communication ) 是由 格兰特·英斯基普 大卫·迈克尔·赫尔曼 于 2019-08-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本公开提供了“用于车辆对车辆通信的稳健的可见光通信”。公开了用于车辆对车辆通信的稳健的可见光通信的方法和设备。示例性车辆包括可见光通信(VLC)发射器、VLC通信接收器,以及VLC模块。所述VLC模块使用第一纠错级别来发送第一握手消息,所述第一握手消息包括所述VLC发射器和所述VLC接收器的特性。所述VLC模块还基于所接收的第二握手消息而调整传输参数。另外,所述VLC模块使用第二纠错级别来传输数据。(The present disclosure provides "robust visible light communication for vehicle-to-vehicle communication. Methods and apparatus for robust visible light communication of vehicle-to-vehicle communication are disclosed. An exemplary vehicle includes a Visible Light Communication (VLC) transmitter, a VLC communication receiver, and a VLC module. The VLC module sends a first handshake message using a first error correction level, the first handshake message including characteristics of the VLC transmitter and the VLC receiver. The VLC module also adjusts transmission parameters based on the received second handshake message. In addition, the VLC module transmits data using a second error correction level.)

1. A vehicle, the vehicle comprising:

a Visible Light Communication (VLC) transmitter;

a VLC receiver; and

a VLC module to:

transmitting a first handshake message using a first error correction level, the first handshake message comprising characteristics of the VLC transmitter and the VLC receiver;

adjusting transmission parameters based on the received second handshake message;

the data is transmitted using a second error correction level.

2. The vehicle of claim 1, wherein the second error correction level has a lower overhead than the first error correction level.

3. The vehicle of claim 1, wherein the VLC module comprises memory to store the characteristics of the VLC transmitter and VLC receiver.

4. The vehicle of claim 1, wherein the characteristic comprises an interframe space of the VLC receiver.

5. The vehicle of claim 1, wherein adjusting the transmission parameter comprises adjusting an inter-frame time gap of the VLC transmitter to match an inter-frame time gap characteristic included in the second handshake message.

6. The vehicle of claim 1, wherein the characteristics include an inter-frame time gap, a blooming factor, a shot vignette factor, and a color factor.

7. The vehicle of claim 1, wherein the first level of error correction causes the VLC transmitter to transmit data frames a plurality of times in succession.

8. The vehicle of claim 7, wherein the second level of error correction causes the VLC transmitter to transmit the data frame fewer times than the first level of error correction.

9. A method, the method comprising:

sending, via a Visible Light Communication (VLC) transmitter, a first handshake message using a first error correction level, the first handshake message including characteristics of the VLC transmitter and VLC receiver;

adjusting, by a VLC module with a processor, transmission parameters based on the received second handshake message;

transmitting data using a second error correction level via the VLC transmitter.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the second error correction level has an overhead less than the first error correction level.

11. The method of claim 9, wherein said VLC module comprises a memory to store said characteristics of said VLC transmitter and VLC receiver.

12. The method of claim 9, wherein the characteristic comprises an inter-frame gap of the VLC receiver.

13. The method of claim 9, wherein adjusting the transmission parameters comprises adjusting an inter-frame time gap of the VLC transmitter to match an inter-frame time gap characteristic included in the second handshake message.

14. The method of claim 9, wherein the characteristics include an inter-frame time gap, a blooming factor, a shot vignetting factor, and a color factor.

15. The method of claim 9, wherein the first level of error correction causes the VLC transmitter to transmit data frames a plurality of times in succession, and the second level of error correction causes the VLC transmitter to transmit the data frames a fewer number of times than the first level of error correction.

Technical Field

The present disclosure relates generally to vehicle communication systems, and more particularly, to robust visible light communication for vehicle-to-vehicle communication.

Background

Vehicles are increasingly exchanging security information and coordinate movement using vehicle-to-vehicle communication. Visible Light Communication (VLC) is one technique that vehicles may use to communicate. VLC transmitters use Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) to transmit data packets by modulating the LEDs. The VLC receiver may use a CMOS sensor with a rolling shutter mechanism. This results in temporal aliasing, where columns or rows of pixels in an image capture artifacts or rapid changes in light levels of rapidly moving objects during image capture. In this way, the VLC receiver decodes the light from the LED into binary data.

Disclosure of Invention

The appended claims define the application. This disclosure summarizes aspects of the embodiments and should not be used to limit the claims. Other implementations are contemplated in accordance with the techniques described herein and are intended to be within the scope of the present application, as will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art upon review of the following figures and detailed description.

Exemplary embodiments for robust visible light communication for vehicle-to-vehicle communication are disclosed. An exemplary vehicle includes a Visible Light Communication (VLC) transmitter, a VLC communication receiver, and a VLC module. The VLC module sends a first handshake message including characteristics of a VLC transmitter and a VLC receiver using a first error correction level. The VLC module also adjusts transmission parameters based on the received second handshake message. In addition, the VLC module transmits data using a second error correction level.

An example method includes sending, via a VLC transmitter, a first handshake message including characteristics of the VLC transmitter and VLC receiver using a first level of error correction. The method also includes adjusting, by the VLC module, a transmission parameter based on the received second handshake message. Additionally, the example method includes transmitting, via the VLC transmitter, data using a second level of error correction.

Drawings

For a better understanding of the invention, reference may be made to the embodiments illustrated in the following drawings. The components in the figures are not necessarily to scale and related elements may be omitted or, in some cases, may be exaggerated in scale in order to emphasize and clearly illustrate the novel features described herein. Additionally, the system components may be arranged in different ways, as is known in the art. Moreover, in the figures, like reference numerals designate corresponding parts throughout the several views.

Fig. 1 shows a transmitting vehicle and a receiving vehicle operating in accordance with the teachings of the present disclosure.

Fig. 2 shows handshake messages transmitted between the transmitting vehicle and the receiving vehicle of fig. 1.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of electronic components of a transmitting vehicle and electronic components of a receiving vehicle.

Fig. 4 is a flow diagram of a method of establishing robust communications for visible light communications, which may be implemented by the electronic component of fig. 3.

Detailed Description

While the present invention may be embodied in various forms, there is shown in the drawings and will hereinafter be described some exemplary and non-limiting embodiments with the understanding that the present disclosure is to be considered an exemplification of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention to the specific embodiments illustrated.

Vehicles implementing vehicle-to-vehicle communication may use Visible Light Communication (VLC) to implement vehicle-to-vehicle communication. VLC uses changes in light (e.g., on/off, light color, and/or light intensity, etc.) transmitted by a light source, such as an LED, to transmit data packets. The VLC emitter modulates the light. The VLC receiver uses an image sensor, such as a camera with a CMOS sensor or photodiode and a rolling shutter, to decode the modulated light signal into a sequence string of binary numbers that can be further processed by circuitry. However, the cameras used to capture VLC data have different properties, including inter-frame time gap, dynamic range, and color sensitivity.

The inter-frame time gap may result in a large amount of data loss. A frame is a number of pixels that a CMOS sensor may depict before resetting and transmitting frame data. For example, a CMOS sensor may have a width of 256 pixels. In this example, when data of 256 pixels in value is captured (which may be used to transmit more than 256 bits of data when color and intensity modulation is used), the image is processed and the frame is reset. The inter-frame time gap is the time between one frame being filled and the next frame in preparation for capturing data. For example, one camera may have an inter-frame time gap of 25 milliseconds (ms), and another camera may have an inter-frame time gap of 50 ms. During the inter-frame time gap, the CMOS sensor cannot capture data, which means that the data sent by the VLC transmitter is lost. Conventionally, to prevent such loss, the transmitter transmits each frame multiple times (e.g., three times). In addition, frames may include error detection codes, such as Cyclic Redundancy Checks (CRCs), that are used to detect when data is lost and to reconstruct the lost data (sometimes referred to as error correction). This has a significant impact on the data transmission rate.

As another example, CMOS sensors have different color sensitivities and dynamic ranges, which can affect transmitters that are capable of encoding additional data for transmission (e.g., via intensity modulation, color modulation, etc.). Accordingly, VLC systems may need to support multiple camera systems with different color detection fidelity that limits the maximum color channel/intensity encoded by the transmitter.

As described below, the VLC systems of the transmitting vehicle and the receiving vehicle communicate in two phases. In a first phase, the transmitting vehicle and the receiving vehicle exchange handshake messages using a first error correction level. In the handshake message, the vehicle exchanges attributes to its respective transmitter and receiver. The first error correction level includes redundant error detection codes and uses different techniques (e.g., multiple transmission of frames, interleaved hamming coding, constant power 4-PAM, random linear coding, etc.) to facilitate fault-tolerant transmission of handshake messages. After exchanging the handshake messages, the transmitting vehicle and the receiving vehicle change operating parameters based on attributes of the transmitting vehicle and the receiving vehicle VLC systems and attributes of the lighting environment according to a set of shared rules. These rules configure the transmitting vehicle's VLC system to tolerate the attributes of the receiving VLC system. For example, the rule may cause both VLC systems to use the inter-frame time gap of the VLC system having the longest inter-frame time gap. In a second phase, the transmitting vehicle and the receiving vehicle exchange data (e.g., safety messages, coordinate cruise control messages, etc.) using a second error correction level. The second error correction level uses a technique that is less bandwidth intensive than the first error correction level. For example, a first error correction level may use a CRC code and a second error correction level may use parity bits. As another example, a first error correction level may use an interleaved hamming coding scheme to encode data to transmit three copies of the data, and a second error correction level may transmit two copies of the data without any error correction coding.

Fig. 1 shows a first vehicle 100 and a second vehicle 102 operating in accordance with the teachings of the present disclosure. As used herein, one of the vehicles 100 and 102 is referred to as a transmitting vehicle (e.g., a vehicle in front of the other vehicle) when it is broadcasting a status message (e.g., a safety message, a coordination message, etc.) using Visible Light Communication (VLC), and one of the vehicles 100 and 102 is referred to as a receiving vehicle (e.g., a vehicle behind the transmitting vehicle 100) when it is the vehicle that captures the broadcast message. Both vehicles 100 and 102 may have transmission and reception capabilities and their roles may differ depending on their relationship to other vehicles. For example, in one vehicle pair, one vehicle may be a transmitting vehicle, while in another vehicle pair, the same vehicle may be a receiving vehicle. In some examples, the vehicle is engaged in two-way communication and is a transmitting vehicle for some purposes and a receiving vehicle for some purposes. The vehicles 100 and 102 may be standard gasoline powered vehicles, hybrid vehicles, electric vehicles, fuel cell vehicles, and/or any other mobility-enabling type of vehicle. Vehicles 100 and 102 include mobility-related components, such as a powertrain having an engine, transmission, suspension, drive shafts, and/or wheels, among others. The vehicles 100 and 102 may be non-autonomous, semi-autonomous (e.g., some conventional motor functions are controlled by the vehicles 100 and 102), or autonomous (e.g., motor functions are controlled by the vehicles 100 and 102 without direct driver input). In the illustrated example, the vehicles 100 and 102 include sensors 104, an Electronic Control Unit (ECU)106, VLC transmitters 108a and 108b, VLC receivers 110a and 110b, and a VLC module 112.

The sensors 104 may be disposed in and around the respective vehicles 100 and 102 in any suitable manner. Sensors 104 may be installed to measure attributes around the exterior of the vehicles 100 and 102. Additionally, some sensors 104 may be installed inside the passenger compartment of the vehicles 100 and 102 or in the body of the vehicles 100 and 102 (such as the engine compartment, wheel well, etc.) to measure properties inside the vehicles 100 and 102. For example, such sensors 104 may include accelerometers, odometers, tachometers, pitch and yaw sensors, wheel speed sensors, microphones, tire pressure sensors, biometric sensors, and the like. The sensor 104 is communicatively coupled to the ECU 106. Measurements from sensors 104 are used to determine the state (e.g., position, orientation, speed, etc.) of vehicles 100 and 102 and communicate the measurements to other vehicles to facilitate cooperative driving autonomous or semi-autonomous features (e.g., blind spot detection, lane assistance, adaptive cruise control, adaptive traction control, etc.) and/or traffic grouping (e.g., cooperative adaptive cruise control, autonomous driving, less traffic signal traffic management, etc.).

The ECU106 monitors and controls the subsystems of the vehicles 100 and 102. The ECU106 transmits and exchanges information via the vehicle data bus. Additionally, the ECU106 may transmit attributes (such as the state of the ECU106, sensor readings, control status, errors, diagnostic codes, etc.) to other ECUs and/or receive requests from other ECUs. Some vehicles 100 and 102 may have seventy or more ECUs 106, with the ECUs 106 located at various locations around the vehicles 100 and 102, communicatively coupled via a vehicle data bus. The ECU106 is a discrete collection of electronics including its own circuitry (such as integrated circuits, microprocessors, memory, storage, etc.) and firmware, sensors, actuators, and/or mounting hardware. For example, the ECU106 may include a powertrain control unit, a body control unit, a telematics unit, and/or a steering control unit, among others. The ECU106 processes the measurements from the sensors 104. For example, the ECU may determine the speed of the vehicles 100 and 102 based on measurements from wheel speed sensors. In another example, the ECU may determine the road condition based on the measurement result from the wheel speed sensor, the measurement result from the ultrasonic sensor, and the like.

VLC emitters 108a and 108b are light sources, such as Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs). In some examples, the VLC transmitters 108a and 108b are incorporated into lights (e.g., headlights, brake lights, etc.) of the vehicle 100. As described below, the VLC module 112 modulates the VLC transmitters 108a and 108b to transmit data continuously as a series of time-dependent on and off signals. In some examples, the VLC module 112 also modulates the intensity and/or color of the VLC transmitters 108a and 108 b. Generally, the rate at which the VLC emitters 108a and 108b modulate the LEDs is imperceptible to the human eye.

The VLC receivers 110a and 110b are photodiodes or image sensors that capture the modulation of light by the VLC transmitters 108a and 108 b. Photodiodes have various performance attributes (such as rise/fall times) that can affect VLC reception. In some examples, the VLC receivers 110a and 110b are cameras using rolling shutter based CMOS image sensors. The VLC receivers 110a and 110b are configured such that light entering the VLC receivers 110a and 110b is evenly distributed over the face of the image sensor. In some examples, the VLC receivers 110a and 110b are incorporated into a dual mode camera that performs image acquisition (e.g., as part of a rear view camera) and the functions of the VLC receivers. An exemplary Dual Mode Camera is described in application No. 16/118,735 (attorney docket No.: 84058377(026780.9177)) filed on 31/8/2018, "Dual Mode Vehicle Camera for visual light Communication," which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

The VLC module 112 modulates the VLC transmitters 108a and 108b to transmit data and analyzes images captured by the VLC receivers 110a and 110b to decode received messages. In some examples, the VLC module 112 is incorporated into or communicatively coupled to a vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication module that constructs data payloads (e.g., safety messages) for broadcast and parses the data payloads of received messages, a V2V communication module. In such examples, the VLC module 112(a) receives the data payload from the V2V communication module and constructs a message to broadcast and (b) separates the data payload from messages received from other vehicles. Using the payload, the VLC module 112 constructs a message based on the parameters of the VLC transmitters 108a and 108b and VLC receivers 110a and 110b and the error correction level.

The VLC module 112 manages the respective transmission and reception parameters of the VLC transmitters 108a and 108b and VLC receivers 110a and 110 b. These characteristics include, for example, the inter-frame time gap, rolling shutter row exposure time, frame rate, percent highlight overflow or factor, percent lens vignette or factor, and/or percent color or factor of the image sensor of the VLC receiver.

To initiate communication with another vehicle, the VLC module 112 transmits a handshake message. Fig. 2 shows an example of a handshake message 200. In fig. 2, handshake message 200 includes payload 202. The payload 202 includes parameter data for the VLC transmitters 108a and 108b and VLC receivers 110a and 110 b. In the illustrated example, the payload 202 includes an inter-frame time gap, a blooming percentage or factor, a shot vignette percentage or factor, and a color percentage or factor for an image sensor of the VLC receiver. Additionally, in the illustrated example, the payload 202 includes a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) value. To construct the handshake message 200 for transmission, the VLC module 112 uses a first error correction level. The first error correction level includes redundant error detection codes and uses different techniques (e.g., multiple transmission of frames, interleaved hamming coding, constant power 4-PAM, random linear coding, etc.) to facilitate fault-tolerant transmission of handshake messages. In the example shown in fig. 2, the handshake message 200 includes two sub-packets 204, each having a copy of the payload 202. Each sub-packet 204 also includes a start frame bit and an asynchronous bit. In some examples, the subpacket 204 may also include a CRC value. Handshake message 200 may be constructed in any suitable manner such that it includes a variety of redundant fault tolerance techniques. In some examples, the VLC module 112 transmits the handshake message 200 until an Acknowledgement (ACK) message is received from another vehicle.

In response to receiving the handshake message 200 from the other vehicle, the VLC module 112 sends an ACK message and analyzes the received payload 202 to determine parameters of the VLC transmitters 108a and 108b and VLC receivers 110a and 110b of the other vehicle. The transmission characteristics of the VLC transmitters 108a and 108b and VLC receivers 110a and 110b of the two vehicles are modified based on their parameters. The VLC module stores a set of rules that minimize its ability to configure its transmit and receive parameters to tolerate each of the VLC systems of the vehicle. For example, the VLC module 112 may adjust the time gap between transmitted data frames to match the inter-frame time gap of the VLC receivers 110a and 110b of the other vehicle. As another example, the VLC module 112 may adjust the brightness of the LEDs of the VLC transmitters 108a and 108b to account for the blooming of the VLC receivers 110a and 110b of the other vehicle. As another example, the VLC module 112 may activate, deactivate, or modify the VLC transmitter 108a and 108b encoding scheme transmitted to the VLC receiver 110a and 110b of the other vehicle.

After adjusting the transmission and/or reception characteristics, the VLC module 112 transmits the message using the second error correction level. The second error correction level uses fewer redundancy techniques than the first error correction level such that the overhead (e.g., number of bits) incurred by the second error correction level is less than the overhead incurred by the first error correction level. For example, a first error correction level may use CRC values and a second error correction level may use parity bits. As another example, a first error correction level may use an interleaved hamming coding scheme to encode data to transmit three copies of the data, and a second error correction level may transmit two copies of the data without any error correction coding.

Fig. 3 is a block diagram of the electronic components 300 of the transmitting vehicle 100 and the electronic components 302 of the receiving vehicle 102. The electronic components 300 and 302 include VLC receivers 110a and 110b, VLC transmitters 108a and 108b, and VLC module 112.

The VLC module may include a processor or controller 304 and a memory 306. The processor or controller 304 may be any suitable processing device or collection of processing devices, such as but not limited to: a microprocessor, a microcontroller-based platform, suitable integrated circuitry, one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), and/or one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs). The memory 306 may be volatile memory (e.g., RAM, which may include non-volatile RAM, magnetic RAM, ferroelectric RAM, and any other suitable form); non-volatile memory (e.g., disk memory, flash memory, EPROM, EEPROM, non-volatile solid-state memory, etc.), non-alterable memory (e.g., EPROM), read-only memory, and/or high-capacity storage (e.g., hard disk drive, solid-state drive, etc.). In some examples, the memory 306 includes multiple kinds of memory, particularly volatile memory and non-volatile memory. In the illustrated example, characteristics 308 of VLC transmitters 108a and 108b and VLC receivers 110a and 110b are stored in memory 306.

The memory 306 is a computer-readable medium on which one or more sets of instructions, such as software for operating the methods of the present disclosure, may be embedded. The instructions may embody one or more of the methods or logic as described herein. In particular embodiments, the instructions may reside, completely or at least partially, within any one or more of the memory 306, the computer-readable medium, and/or within the processor 304 during execution of the instructions.

The terms "non-transitory computer-readable medium" and "tangible computer-readable medium" should be taken to include a single medium or multiple media, such as a centralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches and servers that store one or more sets of instructions. The terms "non-transitory computer-readable medium" and "tangible computer-readable medium" also include any tangible medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying a set of instructions for execution by a processor or that cause a system to perform any one or more of the methods or operations disclosed herein. As used herein, the term tangible computer-readable medium is expressly defined to include any type of computer-readable storage and/or storage disk and to exclude propagating signals.

In operation, the transmitting vehicle 100 broadcasts a handshake message 200, the handshake message 200 including at least a portion (a) of the characteristic 308 stored in the memory 306. Receiving vehicle 102 receives handshake message 200 and transmits an ACK message (B). The receiving vehicle 102 broadcasts a handshake message 200, the handshake message 200 including at least a portion (C) of the characteristics 308 stored in the memory 306. Transmitting vehicle 100 receives handshake message 200 and transmits an ACK message (D). The transmitting vehicle 100 and the receiving vehicle 102 adjust the transmit and receive parameters of their respective VLC modules 112. The transmitting vehicle 100 then begins transmitting data (e.g., safety messages, etc.) to the receiving vehicle (E).

Fig. 4 is a flow diagram of a method of establishing robust communications for visible light communications, which may be implemented by the electronic components 300 and 302 of fig. 3. Initially, at block 402, the VLC module 112 monitors VLC communications from the nearest vehicle via the VLC receivers 110a and 110 b. At block 404, the VLC module 112 determines whether a VLC transmission has been detected. When a VLC transmission has been detected, the method continues at block 406. Otherwise, when a VLC transmission has not been detected, the method returns to block 402. At block 406, the VLC module 112 sets error correction to a first level. At block 408, the VLC module 112 sends the handshake message 200 using the first error correction level. At block 410, the VLC module determines whether an ACK message has been received. When an ACK message has been received, the method continues at block 412. Otherwise, when an ACK message has not been received, the method returns to block 408.

At block 412, the VLC module 112 monitors the handshake message 200. At block 414, when a handshake message has been received, the method continues at block 416. Otherwise, when no handshake message has been received, the method returns to block 412. At block 416, the VLC module 112 determines transmission parameters and reception parameters based on (a) the transmission and reception characteristics in the received handshake message and (b) its own transmission and reception characteristics. At block 418, the VLC module 112 configures the VLC transmitters 108a and 108b and/or VLC receivers 110a and 110b based on the determined transmission parameters and reception parameters. At block 420, the VLC module 112 sets error correction to a second level having an overhead less than the first level. At block 422, the VLC module 112 sends and/or receives data.

The flowchart of fig. 4 represents machine-readable instructions stored in a memory (such as memory 306 of fig. 3) that include one or more programs that, when executed by a processor (such as processor 304 of fig. 3), cause the vehicle 100 to implement the example VLC module 112 of fig. 1 and 3. Further, while one or more exemplary programs are described with reference to the flowchart shown in fig. 4, many other methods of implementing the exemplary VLC module 112 may alternatively be used. For example, the order of execution of the blocks may be changed, and/or some of the blocks described may be changed, eliminated, or combined.

In this application, the use of the disjunctive is intended to include the conjunctive meaning. The use of definite or indefinite articles is not intended to indicate cardinality. In particular, references to "the" object or "an" and "an" object are also intended to mean one of potentially many such objects. Furthermore, the conjunction "or" may be used to express simultaneous features rather than mutually exclusive alternatives. In other words, the conjunction "or" should be understood to include "and/or". As used herein, the terms "module" and "unit" refer to hardware having circuitry that provides communication, control, and/or monitoring capabilities, typically in conjunction with sensors. The "modules" and "units" may also include firmware that is executed on the circuitry. The term "comprising" is inclusive and has the same scope as "comprising".

The embodiments described above, and in particular any "preferred" embodiments, are possible examples of implementations, and are presented merely for a clear understanding of the principles of the invention. Many variations and modifications may be made to the above-described embodiments without departing substantially from the spirit and principles of the technology described herein. All modifications herein are intended to be included within the scope of this disclosure and protected by the following claims.

According to the present invention, there is provided a vehicle having: a Visible Light Communication (VLC) transmitter; a VLC receiver; and a VLC module to: transmitting a first handshake message using a first error correction level, the first handshake message comprising characteristics of the VLC transmitter and the VLC receiver; adjusting transmission parameters based on the received second handshake message; the data is transmitted using a second error correction level.

According to an embodiment, the second error correction level has an overhead less than the first error correction level.

According to an embodiment, the VLC module comprises a memory to store the characteristics of the VLC transmitter and VLC receiver.

According to an embodiment, the characteristic comprises an inter-frame gap of the VLC receiver.

According to an embodiment, adjusting the transmission parameter comprises adjusting an inter-frame time gap of the VLC transmitter to match an inter-frame time gap characteristic comprised in the second handshake message.

According to an embodiment, the characteristics comprise an inter-frame time gap, a blooming factor, a shot vignetting factor, and a color factor.

According to an embodiment, the first error correction level causes the VLC transmitter to transmit data frames a plurality of times in succession.

According to an embodiment, the second error correction level causes the VLC transmitter to transmit the data frame fewer times than the first error correction level.

According to the invention, a method comprises: sending, via a Visible Light Communication (VLC) transmitter, a first handshake message using a first error correction level, the first handshake message including characteristics of the VLC transmitter and VLC receiver; adjusting, by a VLC module with a processor, transmission parameters based on the received second handshake message; transmitting data using a second error correction level via the VLC transmitter.

According to an embodiment, the second error correction level has an overhead less than the first error correction level.

According to an embodiment, the VLC module comprises a memory to store the characteristics of the VLC transmitter and VLC receiver.

According to an embodiment, the characteristic comprises an inter-frame gap of the VLC receiver.

According to an embodiment, adjusting the transmission parameter comprises adjusting an inter-frame time gap of the VLC transmitter to match an inter-frame time gap characteristic comprised in the second handshake message.

According to an embodiment, the characteristics comprise an inter-frame time gap, a blooming factor, a shot vignetting factor, and a color factor.

According to an embodiment, the first error correction level causes the VLC transmitter to transmit data frames a plurality of times in succession.

According to an embodiment, the second error correction level causes the VLC transmitter to transmit the data frame fewer times than the first error correction level.