Automatic sowing and harvesting device and process for mudflat shellfish culture
阅读说明：本技术 针对滩涂贝类养殖的自动化播撒及采收装置及其工艺 (Automatic sowing and harvesting device and process for mudflat shellfish culture ) 是由 傅润泽 余晓红 陈洪兴 苏建辉 张龙 于 2019-11-11 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种针对滩涂贝类养殖的自动化播撒及采收装置及其工艺,该装置包括铺网机和铺网。铺网机包括挖沙提升机、贝苗播撒装置、牵引钩、铺网连接装置、支架。特种拖拉机或牲畜牵引铺网机向前运动,同时挖沙提升机工作转动,铺网机前方的泥沙被挖沙提升机挖取后转移到铺网的上方,铺网被埋在泥沙下方。铺网机上的贝苗播撒装置中装有养殖贝苗,在重力驱使下通过播撒孔落入下方铺网中。铺网由铺网单元拼接而成,铺网单元由铺网卷轴、长条状铺网及两侧充气管组成,长条状铺网卷入铺网卷轴中、长条状铺网的两个长边分别设有侧充气管A和侧充气管B；两种充气管可以拼接在一起。本发明可以解决滩涂贝类人工收获效率低下、劳动力成本高昂的问题。(The invention discloses an automatic sowing and harvesting device for mudflat shellfish culture and a process thereof. The lapping machine comprises a sand digging hoist, a seedling sowing device, a traction hook, a lapping connecting device and a bracket. The special tractor or the livestock pulls the lapping machine to move forward, the sand digging elevator works and rotates at the same time, the sand in front of the lapping machine is dug by the sand digging elevator and then is transferred to the upper part of the lapping net, and the lapping net is buried under the sand. The spat scattering device on the net laying machine is filled with cultured spats which fall into the lower net laying through scattering holes under the driving of gravity. The lapping is formed by splicing lapping units, each lapping unit consists of a lapping scroll, a strip lapping and two side inflation tubes, the strip lapping is rolled into the lapping scroll, and two long sides of the strip lapping are respectively provided with a side inflation tube A and a side inflation tube B; the two inflation tubes can be spliced together. The invention can solve the problems of low efficiency and high labor cost of artificial harvest of mudflat shellfish.)
1. The utility model provides an automatic scattering and harvesting device to mud flat shellfish is bred, includes lapping machine and lapping (2), its characterized in that: the net laying machine is connected with a special tractor or livestock through a traction hook (5), and the net laying machine pulls out the net laying machine (2) from the net laying reel (1) and lays the net in the direction of a farm.
2. The automated seeding and harvesting device for beach shellfish cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that: the net laying machine comprises a sand digging elevator (4), a spat sowing device (3), a traction hook (5), a net laying connecting device and a support, wherein the sand digging elevator (4), the spat sowing device (3) and the traction hook (5) are sequentially connected with the support through the net laying connecting device.
3. The automated seeding and harvesting device for beach shellfish cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that: the lapping net (2) is formed by splicing a single lapping unit (11) through a side inflation pipe A (8) and a side inflation pipe B (7).
4. The automated seeding and harvesting device for beach shellfish cultivation according to claim 3, wherein: the single net laying unit (11) consists of a strip-shaped net laying (12) and inflation tubes on two sides, the strip-shaped net laying (12) is woven by corrosion-resistant nylon ropes, and meshes are smaller than the cultured shellfish; the two long edges of the long strip-shaped lapping net (12) are respectively provided with the side inflation pipes A (8) and B (7).
5. The automated seeding and harvesting device for beach shellfish cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that: the lapping reels (1) are sequentially arranged on the same straight line in a side-by-side adjacent mode, and the lapping units (11) move under the driving action of the lapping reels (1).
6. The automated seeding and harvesting device for beach shellfish cultivation according to claim 2, characterized in that: the sand digging hoist (4) consists of a conveying belt and a sediment bucket which is sequentially arranged on the conveying belt, the conveying belt is obliquely arranged, and the front end of the conveying belt is buried under sediment; when the conveying belt rotates, silt in front of the lapping machine is dug out by the bucket, and is poured into the rear part after being lifted to be lapped on the lapping machine (2).
7. The automated seeding and harvesting device for beach shellfish cultivation according to claim 6, wherein: the side inflation pipe A (8) and the side inflation pipe B (7) are respectively provided with an upper inflation chamber and a lower inflation chamber which are independent.
8. The automated sowing and harvesting process for beach shellfish farming based on the automated sowing and harvesting device for beach shellfish farming of claim 1, characterized in that: the spat spreading device (3) is internally provided with cultured spats and is arranged above the lapping net (2), spreading holes are formed in the bottom of the spat spreading device (3), the size and the number of the spreading holes are set according to a culture process, and the cultured spats fall into the lapping net (2) below through the spreading holes under the driving of gravity.
9. The automated sowing and harvesting process for beach shellfish cultivation according to claim 8, characterized in that: the side air inflation pipe A (8) and the side air inflation pipe B (7) release air during the culture period to keep the shriveled state till the end; when tide rises, seawater submerges the farm, the aeration pipe is filled with air, the laying net (2) floats upwards by the buoyancy of the aeration pipe, silt leaks out through the meshes under the impact of sea waves, and cultured shellfish is left above the laying net; and simultaneously driving all the lapping reels (1) to rotate anticlockwise for recovery.
10. The automated sowing and harvesting process for beach shellfish cultivation according to claim 8, characterized in that: and the side inflating pipe A (8) and the side inflating pipe B (7) are inflated to observe whether bubbles exist on the water surface or not when the tide comes back, so that whether air leakage exists or not can be judged, and if air leakage exists, repairing can be carried out for reuse.
Technical Field
The invention relates to an automatic sowing and harvesting device for mudflat shellfish culture and a process thereof, belonging to the field of agricultural mechanical equipment.
Background
Coastal beaches are precious land resources and good places for developing the culture production of beaches and shellfish, and the beaches and shellfish produced in China are various, such as clams, ruditapes philippinarum, ark clams, mactra veneriformis, solen razor and the like, have mature culture technologies, and have good economic value and development prospect. However, the collection of the mudflat shellfish is always a difficult problem which troubles related culture enterprises, the mudflat shellfish grows under the sediment, the mudflat shellfish needs to be taken out of the sediment one by one during collection, the collection efficiency is low, the labor cost is high, and the collection by bending down for a long time causes great harm to the health of workers. Although some simple manual collecting tools assist workers in collecting the shellfish at present, the problems of low harvesting efficiency and high labor cost cannot be fundamentally solved; and some mechanized shellfish collection devices are not well popularized and used in the mudflat areas of China because of damage to shells, high cost, machine maintenance in the mudflat use environment and other problems.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of low efficiency and high labor cost of artificial harvest of mudflat shellfish, the invention provides an automatic sowing and harvesting device and a technological method aiming at mudflat shellfish culture by changing a mudflat culture mode and utilizing tidal drive, thereby improving the harvesting working efficiency and reducing the harvesting cost.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention is realized as follows:
provides an automatic sowing and harvesting device for mudflat shellfish culture, which comprises a net laying machine and a net laying machine. The lapping is formed by splicing lapping units; the lapping machine comprises a sand digging hoist, a seedling sowing device, a traction hook, a lapping connecting device and a support.
Further, the lapping machine advances to drive the lapping reel to rotate, and the lapping unit is paved forwards.
Further, the lapping machine connects the special tractor or livestock, the lapping machine and the lapping unit in sequence when working. The special tractor or the livestock pulls the lapping machine to move forward, and simultaneously the work of the sand digging hoist is rotated, the silt in front of the lapping machine is dug by the sand digging hoist and then transferred to the lapping top, and the lapping is buried below the silt.
Furthermore, the sand digging hoist consists of a conveying belt and a sediment bucket which is sequentially arranged on the conveying belt, the conveying belt is obliquely arranged, and the front end of the conveying belt is buried under sediment. When the conveyer belt rotates, silt in front of the lapping machine is dug out by the bucket and poured onto the lapping net behind after being lifted.
Further, the conveyor belt is inclined at an angle of less than 90 °.
Furthermore, the shellfish seeding device is internally provided with cultured shellfish and is arranged above the lapping net, seeding holes are formed in the bottom of the shellfish seeding device, the size and the number of the seeding holes are set according to the culture process, and the cultured shellfish falls into the lapping net below through the seeding holes under the driving of gravity.
Furthermore, all the lapping reels are arranged on the same straight line in a side-by-side sequential close proximity manner, and are driven to rotate anticlockwise to recover the lapping.
Furthermore, the net laying unit consists of a long-strip-shaped net laying unit and inflation tubes on two sides, the net laying unit is made of corrosion-resistant nylon ropes, and the meshes of the corrosion-resistant nylon ropes are smaller than those of the cultured shellfish; two long edges of the strip-shaped lapping net are respectively provided with a side inflation pipe A and a side inflation pipe B.
Furthermore, the length of the sand digging hoist is shorter than the width of the lapping net, so that the side inflation pipes on two sides of the lapping net are left above the sand, after the single lapping net is paved, the lapping machine is separated from the lapping net, the lapping machine is pulled to return to the starting point, and the lapping machine is close to the paved lapping net to carry out next paving. The inflating device arranged at the starting point inflates the previous side inflating pipe B and the new side inflating pipe A (in a semi-inflating state), the front end of the new side inflating pipe A is installed at the tail part of the previous side inflating pipe B, and the side inflating pipe A is completely installed in the previous side inflating pipe B along with the advance of the lapping machine, so that the splicing of two lapping is completed. And the rest can be done in the same way until the whole tidal flat farm is paved.
Furthermore, the side inflation pipe A and the side inflation pipe B are matched in shape and can be spliced together, so that the strip-shaped lapping net is spliced into a whole large net.
Further, the side inflation pipe A and the side inflation pipe B release air during the culture to keep the deflated state till the end; when tide rises, seawater submerges the farm, the aeration pipe is filled with air, the laying net floats upwards due to buoyancy of the aeration pipe, silt leaks out through meshes under the impact of sea waves, and cultured shellfish is left above the laying net; and simultaneously driving all the lapping to rotate anticlockwise for recovery.
Furthermore, according to the actual size of the farm and the strip-shaped net laying, the size and the material of a proper inflation tube are selected, the size of the inflation tube is required to provide enough buoyancy, the material of the inflation tube is required to be selected from rubber or plastic which is corrosion-resistant and has certain supporting strength, and the inflation tube in a non-inflation state can be rolled up.
Further, when the tide comes back, the side inflation tube A and the side inflation tube B are properly inflated to observe whether bubbles exist on the water surface, so that whether air leakage exists can be judged, and if air leakage exists, repairing can be carried out for reuse.
Further, two kinds of independent plenum chambers about two kinds of side gas tubes all have can be divided into three kinds of different states:
(1) a semi-inflation state: the inflation is not full, the shape of the inflation tube is kept, and the inflation tube is spliced at the moment;
(2) and (3) inflation state: the air is filled, the inflation tube B has slight opening deformation, and the generation of the deformation further increases the occlusion force of the two inflation tubes; when tide rises, seawater submerges the farm, the laying net floats upwards due to the buoyancy of the inflation pipe, silt leaks out through the meshes under the impact of sea waves, and cultured shellfish is left above the laying net;
(3) the non-inflation state: when the lapping is stored in the reel and after the lapping and splicing are finished, the inflation tubes are in a non-inflation state, when the two inflation tubes are spliced, the inflation tubes are deflated, and the inflation tubes are flat and flat, and the shape and the hardness of the inflation tubes enable the two inflation tubes to be still meshed together and not easy to separate.
The invention has the following positive effects: splicing two side inflation pipes, switching three inflation states, and assisting to complete the assembly and operation of the whole device; the automatic sowing of the shellfish seedlings and the automatic harvesting of the mature shellfish fully save manpower and material resources; by utilizing the characteristics of tidal flat and tide and by means of air buoyancy and wave scouring, the shellfish buried in the silt is taken out, so that the labor cost is saved; the inflation pipeline is convenient to overhaul.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a lapper and a lapping machine;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of a lapping machine;
FIG. 3 is an effect diagram after completion of lapping, splicing and laying;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the lapping reel driving lapping recovery;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a side inflation tube;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of the lapping and lapping roller.
Wherein, 1, a lapping scroll; 2. laying a net; 3. a spat broadcasting device; 4. a sand digging hoist; 5. a towing hook; 6. lapping connection points; 7. a side inflation pipe B; 8. a side inflation pipe A; 9. an inflation tube; 10. silt and shellfish seedlings; 11. a lapping unit; 12. and (5) paving the long strip-shaped net.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1-6, the device comprises a lapping
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The side air inflation pipe A8 and the side air inflation pipe B7 release air during the culture period to keep the air in a shriveled state till the end; when tide rises, seawater submerges the farm, the aeration pipe is filled with air, the laying net 2 floats upwards by the buoyancy of the aeration pipe, silt leaks out through the meshes under the impact of sea waves, and cultured shellfish is left above the laying net; and simultaneously drives all the
The side inflation pipe A8 and the side inflation pipe B7 are properly inflated when the tide comes back to observe whether air bubbles exist on the water surface or not, so that whether air leakage exists or not can be judged, and if air leakage exists, repair can be carried out for reuse.
The side inflation pipe A8 and the side inflation pipe B7 are respectively provided with an upper inflation chamber and a lower inflation chamber which are independent, and can be divided into three different states:
(1) a semi-inflation state: the inflation is not full, the shape of the inflation tube is kept, and the inflation tube is spliced at the moment;
(2) and (3) inflation state: the air is filled, the inflation tube B has slight opening deformation, and the generation of the deformation further increases the occlusion force of the two inflation tubes; when tide rises, seawater submerges the farm, the laying net floats upwards due to the buoyancy of the inflation pipe, silt leaks out through the meshes under the impact of sea waves, and cultured shellfish is left above the laying net;
(3) the non-inflation state: when the lapping is stored in the reel and after the lapping and splicing are finished, the inflation tubes are in a non-inflation state, when the two inflation tubes are spliced, the inflation tubes are deflated, and the inflation tubes are flat and flat, and the shape and the hardness of the inflation tubes enable the two inflation tubes to be still meshed together and not easy to separate.