Combined harvester for potatoes
阅读说明:本技术 一种薯类联合收获机 (Combined harvester for potatoes ) 是由 姜伟 崔中凯 周进 张华� 邸志峰 李涛 于 2019-07-04 设计创作,主要内容包括:本发明涉及联合收获机领域,尤其涉及一种薯类联合收获机,可以实现高自动化的薯类作物收获,同时可以对收获的作物中的杂物进行筛选。一种薯类联合收获机,包括机架,以及在所述机架上由前向后依次设置的收获装置、除杂装置、分捡装置与收集装置。收获装置用于将薯类作物从土下进行挖掘收获,除杂装置可去除混在在薯块中的部分秧蔓与土块,分捡装置用于人工进行薯块分捡,并通过收集装置进行收集。(The invention relates to the field of combine harvesters, in particular to a potato combine harvester which can realize high-automation potato crop harvesting and can screen sundries in harvested crops. The utility model provides a potato class combine harvester, includes the frame, and by preceding harvesting apparatus, edulcoration device, sorting device and the collection device that sets gradually after, in the frame. The harvesting device is used for digging and harvesting potato crops from the soil, the impurity removing device can remove partial seedling vines and soil blocks mixed in the potato blocks, and the sorting device is used for manually sorting the potato blocks and collecting the potato blocks through the collecting device.)
1. A potato kind of combined harvester which characterized in that: comprises a frame (1), and a harvesting device (2), an impurity removing device (3), a sorting device (4) and a collecting device (5) which are sequentially arranged from front to back on the frame (1).
2. The potato combine harvester of claim 1, wherein: edulcoration device (3) include a plurality of parallel arrangement's edulcoration axle (31), every fixed a plurality of edulcoration wheels (32) that distribute along the axial that are provided with on edulcoration axle (31), edulcoration wheel (32) are including being located edulcoration wheel (32) radial planar tooth (33), and edulcoration wheel (32) that set up on adjacent edulcoration axle (31) are crisscross each other, edulcoration axle (31) rotationally with frame (1) is connected to a plurality of edulcoration axles (31) turn to the same.
Preferably, a plurality of impurity removing shafts (31) and impurity removing wheels (32) arranged on the impurity removing shafts (31) form a plurality of wheel sets, a blocking device (34) is arranged between every two adjacent wheel sets, and a gap is kept between the blocking device (34) and the impurity removing wheels (32).
Preferably, the blocking device (34) comprises a rotatable blocking shaft which is parallel to the trash removal shaft (31) and rotates in the opposite direction.
3. The potato combine harvester of claim 2, wherein: edulcoration wheel (32) below is equipped with hits the beating device, hit the beating device including hitting axle (35) and sleeve (36), hit axle (35), sleeve (36) all parallel with edulcoration axle (31), hit axle (35) and set up in sleeve (36), and sleeve (36) internal diameter is greater than the external diameter of hitting axle (35), and sleeve (36) can be in the radial activity of hitting axle (35), hit axle (35) and frame (1) fixed connection.
4. The potato combine harvester of claim 3, wherein: the minimum distance between the impurity removing wheel (31) and the striking shaft (35) is larger than the thickness of the sleeve (36), and the sleeve (36) interferes with the movement range of the impurity removing wheel (31) in a static state.
5. The potato combine harvester of claim 2, wherein: the teeth (33) are curved or inclined in a direction opposite to the rotation direction of the impurity removing wheel (31).
6. The potato combine harvester according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein: the impurity removing wheel (32) is made of rubber.
7. The potato combine harvester of claim 1, wherein: the rear end of the sorting device (4) is provided with a sorting channel (41), the tail end of the sorting channel (41) is provided with two crop outlets (42), a partition plate (43) is arranged between the two crop outlets (42), the partition plate (43) is rotatably connected with the sorting channel (41), and a spring (44) is arranged between the partition plate (43) and the sorting channel (41).
Preferably, the rotary connection position of the partition plate (43) and the sorting channel (41) is located between two ends of a spring (44), two ends of the spring (44) are respectively connected to the partition plate (43) and the sorting channel (41), and the maximum distance between two ends of the spring (44) is greater than the length of the spring (44) in an unstressed state.
Preferably, the crop outlet (42) is provided with a fixing frame (45), and the fixing frame (45) is provided with a hook.
8. The potato combine harvester of claim 1, wherein: the collecting device (5) comprises a first collecting platform (51) and/or a second collecting platform (52);
the first collection platform (51) is detachably connected with the frame (1);
the second collecting platform (52) is rotatably connected to the rack (1), and a hydraulic oil cylinder (53) is arranged between the second collecting platform (52) and the rack (1).
9. The potato combine harvester of claim 12, wherein: the collecting device (5) comprises a first collecting platform (51) and a second collecting platform (52), the first collecting platform (51) being located above the second collecting platform (52).
10. The potato combine harvester of claim 1, wherein: frame (1) is equipped with walking axle (11), walking axle (11) both ends are connected with wheel (12) at least one end of walking axle (11), wheel (12) rotationally are connected to on connecting axle (13), connecting axle (13) are connected with walking axle (11) detachably.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of combine harvesters, in particular to a potato combine harvester.
Background
The potatoes have the characteristics of drought resistance, cold resistance and barren resistance, use less water and fertilizer, have higher water utilization efficiency than that of large grain crops such as wheat, corn and the like, have high yield and high nutritional value, and are suitable for wide growing areas, so the potatoes are widely planted from east to west in China from south to north, particularly in vast mountain areas in the southwest and northwest of China, have large planting area which occupies more than half of the planting area in China, and are important crops for poverty removal in mountainous areas. In 2016, the potato staple food strategy is formally started in China, and by 2020, the potato planting area in China is enlarged to more than 1 hundred million acres.
The potatoes are harvested in China, particularly in a double cropping area, the potatoes are mainly eaten with vegetables and are generally harvested in an early mature period, farmers in the traditional harvesting mode forcibly adopt excavation type segmented harvesting, and after digging out the potatoes by an excavation type harvester, the potatoes are manually picked up and boxed or bagged.
The chinese patent application publication No. CN109005858A discloses a potato combine harvester, which is capable of harvesting potatoes with relatively high automation degree, but the harvesting process will inevitably produce some impurities, such as soil blocks and seedlings, mixed into the potatoes, which brings great difficulty to the work of the sorting personnel.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the potato combined harvester which can realize high-automation harvesting of potato crops and can screen sundries in the harvested crops.
The scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a potato class combine harvester, includes the frame, and by preceding harvesting apparatus, edulcoration device, sorting device and the collection device that sets gradually after, in the frame. The harvesting device is used for digging and harvesting potato crops from the soil, the impurity removing device can remove partial seedling vines and soil blocks mixed in the potato blocks, and the sorting device is used for manually sorting the potato blocks and collecting the potato blocks through the collecting device.
Preferably, the impurity removing device comprises a plurality of impurity removing shafts which are arranged in parallel, a plurality of impurity removing wheels which are distributed along the axial direction are fixedly arranged on each impurity removing shaft, each impurity removing wheel comprises teeth which are positioned on the radial plane of each impurity removing wheel, the impurity removing wheels arranged on the adjacent impurity removing shafts are mutually staggered, the impurity removing shafts are rotatably connected with the rack, and the directions of the impurity removing shafts are the same. The impurity removing wheels can convey the harvested potato blocks backwards, and the potato blocks are uniformly distributed when passing through the impurity removing shafts in the conveying process, so that the potato blocks are not easy to accumulate, the unbalance loading generated on the harvester due to partial accumulation of the potato blocks is reduced, and partial vine and soil blocks are removed in the process due to redistribution of the potato blocks.
Preferably, a plurality of edulcoration axles and the edulcoration wheel that the epaxial setting of edulcoration constitutes the wheelset, the wheelset is a plurality of, is equipped with blocking device between the adjacent wheelset, it keeps gapped between blocking device and the edulcoration wheel. The blocking device is used for separating the potato blocks from the soil blocks, the soil blocks which are collected by the harvester together with the potato blocks are generally submitted to be smaller and are blocked by the blocking device, so that the smaller soil blocks cannot be transported to the rear of the harvester.
Preferably, the blocking device comprises a rotatable blocking shaft, and the blocking shaft is parallel to the impurity removing shaft and rotates in the opposite direction. The rotatable blocking shaft can better block soil blocks.
Preferably, edulcoration wheel below is equipped with hits the device of beating, hit the device including hitting axle and sleeve, hit axle, sleeve all parallel with the edulcoration axle, hit the axle setting in the sleeve, and the sleeve internal diameter is greater than the external diameter of hitting the axle, and the sleeve can be radially movable hitting the axle, hit axle and frame fixed connection. The sleeve can rock on beating the axle, and the process of rocking constantly strikes each other with the edulcoration wheel, can clear away the clod of adhesion on the edulcoration wheel surface, perhaps twine the partial seedling tendril on the tooth.
Preferably, the minimum distance between the impurity removing wheel and the striking shaft is greater than the thickness of the sleeve, and the sleeve interferes with the movement range of the impurity removing wheel in a static state. The design can ensure that the sleeve can be initiatively impacted in the movement process of the impurity removing wheel, so that the sleeve passively moves.
Preferably, the teeth are curved or inclined towards a direction opposite to the rotation direction of the wheel. The bending and tilting of the teeth may reduce the resistance of the teeth during impact with the sleeve.
Preferably, the impurity removing wheel is made of rubber. The rubber material has certain elasticity, can effectively reduce the damage in the process of colliding with the increasing device, prolongs the service life, and is soft in texture and not easy to damage the surfaces of the potato blocks.
Preferably, a sorting channel is arranged at the rear end of the sorting device, two crop outlets are arranged at the tail end of the sorting channel, a partition plate is arranged between the two crop outlets and rotatably connected with the sorting channel, and a spring is arranged between the partition plate and the sorting channel. The switch of two crop exports can be controlled to the baffle, and when the collection bag or the case of a crop exit linkage were full, can change another crop export work through the switching of baffle, realizes collecting in succession, raises the efficiency.
Preferably, the rotary connection part of the partition plate and the sorting channel is positioned between two ends of the spring, two ends of the spring are respectively connected to the partition plate and the sorting channel, and the maximum distance between two ends of the spring is greater than the length of the spring in an unstressed state. The spring form is the extension spring, can all play taut effect when the baffle rotates to any side.
Preferably, the crop outlet is provided with a fixing frame, and the fixing frame is provided with a hook. The fixing frame and the hook can be used for stipulating a collecting bag, so that the sorting personnel can conveniently bag.
Preferably, the collecting device comprises a first collecting platform and/or a second collecting platform;
the first collecting platform is detachably connected with the rack;
the second collecting platform is rotatably connected to the rack, and a hydraulic oil cylinder is arranged between the second collecting platform and the rack.
The first platform may be used to place the collection bag and the second platform may be used to place the collection bin directly, the second platform may be a cantilever structure, a frame structure or a plate structure. The second collecting platform is connected with a hydraulic oil cylinder, the oil cylinder extends out in the collecting process, so that the second collecting platform plays a role of supporting the collecting box, when the collecting box needs to be dismounted, the hydraulic oil cylinder can drive the second collecting platform to rotate, the rear side of the collecting box is firstly grounded, and the harvester can be dismounted due to the friction force between the collecting box and the bottom surface because the harvester moves forwards.
Preferably, the collecting device comprises a first collecting platform and a second collecting platform, and the first collecting platform is positioned above the second collecting platform. Two collection platforms can install simultaneously, and first collection platform is located the top, can be used to place the collection bag, but when need use the collecting box to collect, can pull down first collection platform.
Preferably, the frame is equipped with the walking axle, the walking axle both ends are connected with the wheel at least one end of walking axle, the wheel rotationally is connected to on the connecting axle, the connecting axle is connected with walking axle detachably. The connecting shaft can be detached, so that the ridge-shaped ridge spacing for planting different potatoes can be conveniently adjusted, and the length of the connecting shaft can be changed in a replacement mode, so that the harvester can adapt to different ridge-shaped ridge spacings.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the impurity removing device can screen the seedling vines and the soil blocks mixed in the potato blocks through an impurity removing wheel, filter partial impurities and enable the potato blocks to be uniformly distributed on the whole equipment;
2. the impurity removing device can remove impurities clearly mixed in the potato blocks, soil blocks adhered to the impurity removing wheel and seedling vines wound on the impurity removing wheel;
3. the sorting channel is provided with two crop outlets, the crop outlets can be switched through the partition plate, and the harvest bags can be replaced in the continuous collection process;
4. the collecting device is provided with different collecting platforms which can be used for preventing a harvest bag and a harvest box respectively and can be switched by disassembling the first collecting platform;
5. the wheel track of the wheels on the frame can be changed, and the effect of adapting to different ridge-shaped ridge distances can be realized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments or technical solutions in the prior art of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a portion of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the impurity removing device;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the impurity removing apparatus;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the sorting device;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a crop outlet configuration;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a first collection platform configuration;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a second collection platform configuration;
FIG. 9 is a structural schematic view of the frame in a first state;
FIG. 10 is a structural schematic view of the frame in a second state;
in the figure, 1-a rack, 2-a harvesting device, 3-an impurity removing device, 4-a sorting device, 5-a collecting device, 6-a conveying device, 7-ridges, 11-a walking shaft, 12-a wheel, 13-a connecting shaft, 14-a sorting platform, 31-an impurity removing shaft, 32-an impurity removing wheel, 33-teeth, 34-a blocking device, 35-a striking shaft, 36-a sleeve, 41-a sorting channel, 42-a crop outlet, 43-a clapboard, 44-a spring, 45-a fixed frame, 51-a first collecting platform, 52-a second collecting platform and 53-a hydraulic oil cylinder.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiment of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiment is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the present embodiment provides a potato combine harvester, which includes a frame 1, and a harvesting device 2, an impurity removing device 3, a
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the impurity removing device 3 includes a plurality of
A plurality of
The impurity removing wheel sets are formed by the
A striking device is arranged below the
As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the rear end of the
The
As shown in fig. 2, 7 and 8, the collecting
As shown in fig. 9 and 10, the frame 1 is provided with a walking
In some embodiments of the invention, a conveying device 6 is also arranged between the harvesting device 3 and the
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
this harvester can be connected to and use on the traction vehicle, and the during operation, harvesting device 2 will bury the potato piece in the ridge and reap to transmit to edulcoration device 3 through conveyor 6.
The impurity removing device 3 is provided with a plurality of
The side of the rack 1 is provided with a
The rear part of the
The frame 1 below still is equipped with running gear, and running gear is including the walking
As shown in fig. 9, in the large-ridge double-row planting mode, two rows of crops are planted in each
Although the present invention has been described in detail by referring to the drawings in connection with the preferred embodiments, the present invention is not limited thereto. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.