阅读说明：本技术 筒形件机加切边用的内撑工装 (Internal support tool for machining and trimming cylindrical part ) 是由 曹学文 杨延涛 肖立军 赵琳瑜 尚勇 白小雷 杨建峰 贺智勇 王树 王北平 于 2019-12-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种筒形件机加切边用的内撑工装,推杆的外锥段装入套筒的弹性段内,并使该推杆的外锥面与套筒弹性段的内锥面贴合,轴的一端装入所述推杆与套筒内。套筒为筒形件,分为弹性段和刚性段。弹性段由多个弹性板条组成；相邻弹性板条之间侧表面的间距为b；各切割缝的根部有直径为d的弹性板条扩张孔。各弹性板条靠近该套筒端口的内表面内敛的锥面,该锥面的锥度为θ,该锥面的长度为该弹性板条轴向长度的二分之一。使用时通过弹性板条的张开与收缩,实现对筒形件的支撑,提高了加工精度,并切操作简单快捷,提高了功效,降低了劳动强度。(The inner support tool for machining cut edge of cylindrical part has one push rod with outer conic section fitted into the elastic section of the sleeve and one shaft with one end fitted into the push rod and the sleeve. The sleeve is a cylindrical part and is divided into an elastic section and a rigid section. The elastic section consists of a plurality of elastic battens; the space between the side surfaces of the adjacent elastic battens is b; the root of each cutting seam is provided with an elastic lath expanding hole with the diameter d. Each elastic strip is close to a conical surface which is converged on the inner surface of the sleeve port, the taper of the conical surface is theta, and the length of the conical surface is half of the axial length of the elastic strip. When the support device is used, the cylindrical part is supported by expanding and contracting the elastic lath, the processing precision is improved, the cutting operation is simple and rapid, the effect is improved, and the labor intensity is reduced.)

1. An inner support tool for machining and trimming a cylindrical part is characterized by comprising a push rod, a sleeve and a shaft; the outer conical surface of the push rod is attached to the inner conical surface of the elastic section of the sleeve;

one end of the shaft is arranged in the push rod and the sleeve;

the sleeve is a cylindrical part and is divided into an elastic section and a rigid section; the center of the rigid section end plate is provided with a shaft hole for mounting the shaft, and the shaft hole is in threaded fit with the shaft; the inner end surface of the rigid section end plate is a stroke limiting surface of the push rod; the sleeve shell of the elastic section is axially divided into n elastic battens, and the elastic sections of the sleeve are formed by the battens; the distance between the side surfaces of the adjacent elastic battens is b, and b is 2-5 mm; the axial length of each elastic lath is determined according to the length of the cylindrical part to be supported; the root of each cutting seam is provided with an elastic lath expanding hole with the diameter of d; the taper of each elastic lath is theta, the theta is 3-5 degrees, and the length of the conical surface is one half of the axial length of the elastic lath;

the outer circumferential surface of the outer end of the elastic section is provided with a boss protruding in the radial direction, and the outer diameter D of the boss₁The same as the inner diameter of the cylindrical part; after the elastic section of the sleeve is divided and a plurality of elastic laths are formed, the bosses respectively form workpiece supporting blocks at the outer end heads of the elastic laths.

2. The inner support tool for trimming a cylindrical member of claim 1, wherein the number n of the elastic strips is determined by the formula n ═ pi D/(20+ b), where D is an inner diameter of the cylindrical member and b is a distance between adjacent elastic strips.

3. The inner support tool for machining the cutting edge of the cylindrical part as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer diameter of the workpiece support block is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the cylindrical part, and a gap δ is formed between the workpiece support block and the cylindrical part, wherein δ is D/1000 and is measured in mm.

4. The inner bracing tooling for machine trimming of cylindrical parts according to claim 1, wherein the diameter d of the expansion hole of the elastic strip is determined by the formula d ═ b +4 in mm.

5. The inner support tool for machining the cut edge of the cylindrical part as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer diameter D of the boss is larger than the outer diameter of the inner support tool₁By the formula D₁Determined as D-2 δ in mm.

6. The inner support tool for machining the cut edge of the cylindrical member as claimed in claim 1, wherein the shaft is a stepped shaft, and a positioning end face of the push rod is formed by an end face of the step difference; the small diameter section at one end of the shaft is in sliding fit with the shaft hole on the end face of the push rod, and the large diameter section in the middle of the shaft is a threaded surface matched with the inner surface of the push rod; the circumference surface of the other end of the shaft is a threaded hole matched with the shaft hole in the center of the end plate of the rigid section of the sleeve.

7. The inner support tool for machining the cut edge of the cylindrical member as claimed in claim 1, wherein one end of the push rod is a shaft sliding section, and a shaft hole in clearance fit with the small-diameter end of the shaft is formed in the center of an end plate of the sliding section; the other end of the push rod is an expansion section, and the outer surface of the expansion section is a conical surface; the taper of the conical surface is the same as that of the elastic lath conical surface; the inner hole of the push rod is in a step shape, the inner diameter of the sliding section is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the small-diameter section of the shaft, and the inner surface of the expanding section is a thread surface matched with the large-diameter section of the shaft.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the machinery manufacturing industry, in particular to a machining trimming internal support tool which can be arranged on a numerical control lathe and is used for a cylindrical part with the wall thickness not greater than 3.0 mm.

Background

At present, the most commonly adopted machine-processing trimming internal-supporting tool for thin-wall spinning cylindrical parts with the wall thickness not more than 3.0mm at home adopts the following two structures: many kicking blocks are from moving centering adjustable structure and circumference split type adjustable structure.

The application number is 201610749071.0, and the announcement number is CN106271354B "interior vaulting utensil of an automatic centering" is promptly for a many kicking blocks automatic centering adjustable structure vaulting utensil, with telescopic screw rod structrual installation in the guide chute on the guide ring circumference surface, the during operation, the motion through the screw rod realizes all stretch out and draw back when propping tight piece to ensure that the center of location is unchangeable all the time, realize automatic centering, guarantee barrel or casing and prop the rounding when tight. The invention of the mandrel supporting device for cylindrical workpieces with application number 201711089479.0 and publication number CN107984278A realizes the radial movement of the mandril and the ejector block assembly of the mandrel supporting device through the length adjustment of a plurality of length adjusting rods, and when the ejector block assembly is abutted against the inner wall of the cylindrical workpiece to be processed, the support is realized. In the invention, the effective support of the inner wall of the cylindrical part is realized through the contraction and expansion of the elastic lath, and the method is generally suitable for machining and trimming the cylindrical part with the diameter less than or equal to phi 200 mm. The cylindrical member girth welding inner support clamp related in 'a cylindrical member girth welding inner support clamp' with the application number of 201920098704.5 achieves the function of supporting multiple points inside the cylindrical member girth through the sliding and stretching of the long support rod at the middle slotting position of the outer side of the circular arc plate, and is convenient to weld. The multi-ejector-block automatic centering adjustable structure supporting tool is characterized in that a plurality of ejector blocks which are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction are radially adjusted through similar telescopic screw rod structures, so that pre-tightening and alignment of an inner supporting tool can be realized, the tool is time-consuming and labor-consuming to adjust, the adjusting of the ejector blocks is relatively independent, the consistency is poor, and the adjusting precision can be influenced by too large and too small gaps among the ejector blocks; meanwhile, due to the fact that the layout of the screw structure of the structure needs a certain space, the automatic centering adjustable structure supporting tool cannot be generally used for machining and trimming of cylindrical parts with the diameter less than or equal to phi 200 mm.

The application number is 201410810573.0, and "a adjustable interior vaulting utensil of split type" that the notice number is CN104625136A is a circumference adjustable structure interior vaulting utensil of split type, and the position stagger avoids interfering when the interior vaulting arc board of this interior vaulting utensil split is along radial displacement, can splice the interior vaulting utensil of the complete profile of split when finally arriving the interior profile of product to the difficult problem that the support arc board of split produced the interference has been solved in the course of the work. The 201910033672.5 application entitled "a processing supporting tool and a method for processing a tensioning sleeve by using the same" provides a processing supporting tool and a method for processing a tensioning sleeve by using the same, wherein in the processing process, the supporting tool is supported inside a tensioning sleeve intermediate to change the tensioning sleeve intermediate from a natural state into a working state for further processing, so that the deformation direction and the deformation amount can be effectively controlled, the deformation amplitude is reduced, the dimensional precision and the form and position tolerance of the tensioning sleeve are accurately controlled, the concentricity and the circular runout precision of the tensioning sleeve in the working state can be ensured to meet the requirements, the production cost is effectively reduced, and the use effect of the tensioning sleeve is improved. The circumferential split type adjustable structure internal support tool has the characteristics of simple structure, good universality, easiness in processing, low cost and the like. When processing barrel parts, a wedge type inner supporting tool is often used, and the principle is that the axial displacement is converted into radial displacement by utilizing a wedge-shaped inclined surface so as to realize the positioning and clamping effects of the barrel parts. The inner supporting blocks are uniformly distributed in a certain number along the circumferential direction, and in order to avoid interference, a certain gap needs to exist between the adjacent inner supporting blocks, the gap between the adjacent inner supporting blocks is larger along with the simultaneous outward radial movement of the inner supporting blocks. Because the gaps between the inner supporting blocks exist, the inner supporting blocks are in intermittent contact with the inner surface of the barrel part, when the barrel part is a thin-wall part or a part with poor rigidity, the outer surface of the barrel part is actually an irregular polygon, cutter back-off during machining can be caused, vibration occurs during machining, the wall thickness deviation of the machined part is large, the cutter is seriously abraded, and the machining efficiency is low.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects of poor machining precision and low machining efficiency in the prior art, the invention provides an inner support tool for machining and trimming a cylindrical part.

The invention comprises a push rod, a sleeve and a shaft. The outer conical surface of the push rod is attached to the inner conical surface of the elastic section of the sleeve. One end of the shaft is arranged in the push rod and the sleeve.

The sleeve is a cylindrical part and is divided into an elastic section and a rigid section. The center of the rigid section end plate is provided with a shaft hole for mounting the shaft, and the shaft hole is in threaded fit with the shaft; the inner end face of the rigid section end plate is a stroke limiting face of the push rod. The sleeve shell of the elastic section is axially divided into n elastic battens, and the elastic section of the sleeve is formed by the battens. The distance between the side surfaces of the adjacent elastic battens is b, and b is 2-5 mm; the axial length of each elastic lath is determined according to the length of the cylindrical part to be supported; the root of each cutting seam is provided with an elastic lath expanding hole with the diameter d. Each elastic lath is close to the tapered surface of the inner surface of the sleeve port, wherein the taper of the tapered surface is theta, theta is 3-5 degrees, and the length of the tapered surface is one half of the axial length of the elastic lath.

The outer circumferential surface of the outer end of the elastic section is provided with a boss protruding in the radial direction, and the outer diameter D of the boss₁The same as the inner diameter of the cylindrical member. After the elastic section of the sleeve is divided and a plurality of elastic laths are formed, the bosses respectively form workpiece supporting blocks at the outer end heads of the elastic laths.

The number n of elastic strips is determined by the formula n ═ pi D/(20+ b), where D is the inner diameter of the tubular member and b is the spacing between adjacent elastic strips.

The outer diameter of the workpiece supporting block is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the cylindrical part, and a gap delta is formed between the workpiece supporting block and the cylindrical part, wherein the gap delta is equal to D/1000 and the unit is mm.

The diameter d of the expansion hole of the elastic lath is determined by the formula d ═ b +4 and has the unit of mm.

The outer diameter D of the boss₁By the formula D₁Determined as D-2 δ in mm.

The shaft is a stepped shaft, and the positioning end face of the push rod is formed by the end face of the stepped difference. The small diameter section of axle one end and the shaft hole sliding fit of push rod terminal surface, the major diameter section in this axle middle part be with push rod internal surface complex thread face. The circumference surface of the other end of the shaft is a threaded hole matched with the shaft hole in the center of the end plate of the rigid section of the sleeve.

One end of the push rod is a shaft sliding section, and a shaft hole in clearance fit with the small-diameter end of the shaft is formed in the center of an end plate of the sliding section. The other end of the push rod is an expansion section, and the outer surface of the expansion section is a conical surface; the taper of the conical surface is the same as that of the elastic lath. The inner hole of the push rod is in a step shape, the inner diameter of the sliding section is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the small-diameter section of the shaft, and the inner surface of the expanding section is a thread surface matched with the large-diameter section of the shaft.

According to the invention, reasonable internal support tooling gaps and the number of elastic battens are designed according to the size requirement of the inner diameter of the processed cylindrical part. When the push rod is used, the push rod is screwed through the pin holes distributed on the non-working surface of the push rod, the push rod moves forwards on the shaft, and the push rod is relatively close to the sleeve; at the moment, the outer molded surface of the push rod is tightly attached to the inner molded surface of the sleeve through a conical surface; when the push rod continues to move forwards, the push rod props open a plurality of elastic battens uniformly distributed on the sleeve through the sliding of the fit conical surface; a plurality of uniformly distributed elastic laths are uniformly and synchronously expanded outwards, and the inner wall of the cylindrical part is effectively supported by the lug boss on the outer molded surface of the elastic laths; performing machining trimming on the cylindrical part according to the size and precision requirements; after the machining is finished, the push rod is screwed to move backwards, the push rod is relatively far away from the sleeve, the conical surface on the outer profile of the push rod is separated from the conical surface of the inner profile of the sleeve in a fit contact manner, a plurality of elastic strip parts uniformly distributed on the sleeve slide and contract, and the boss on the outer profile of the sleeve is separated from the inner wall of the machined cylindrical part to realize unloading; disassembling the cylinder; and disassembling the tool, and coating anti-rust oil for protection and maintenance.

The invention realizes the forward and backward movement of the push rod structure with the conical outer contour surface working surface through the screwing and loosening of the screw thread, further plays a role in supporting the cylindrical piece with the wall thickness not more than 3.0mm for machining and trimming through the expansion and contraction of the sleeve with the inner conical surface and the elastic lath which is tightly matched with the push rod structure, takes the advantages of a multi-top block automatic centering adjustable structure and a circumferential split type adjustable structure internal supporting tool into consideration, is used for machining and trimming the cylindrical piece with the wall thickness not more than 3.0mm, and has the characteristics of simple operation, high machining efficiency and high machining precision.

The invention can realize the efficient machining and trimming processing of the cylindrical part on the numerical control lathe, the inner support tool can realize the effective support of the inner molded surface of the cylindrical part within the full circumference size range after one-time adjustment, the operation is simple and rapid, the alignment precision is higher, and the machining and trimming efficiency and the machining precision of the cylindrical part machine are higher. The invention has the characteristics of simple structure, simple operation and high efficiency.

The tool has the following advantages:

1. the tool can realize effective support of the inner profile of the cylindrical part within the full-circumference size range after one-time adjustment, belongs to semi-automatic operation, and is simple, quick and efficient to operate, and the labor intensity of workers is greatly reduced.

2. When the tool is aligned, the tool can effectively support the inner surface of the cylindrical part only by twisting the push rod structure to carry out micro-adjustment, the alignment precision is ensured by the high-precision tool, and the alignment precision is higher; because the effective support degree of cylinder internal surface is better and frock and cylinder alignment precision increase, when the cylindric part machine adds, the cylinder vibration is less, does not have the sword condition of quivering, and cylindric part machine adds efficiently, actively removes behind the side cut cylindric part terminal surface straightness that hangs down, many quadrants length size precision are higher, the deviation is less. The consistency and the reliability of the machining size of the cylindrical part are improved.

Taking a spinning cylindrical piece with a certain outer diameter of phi 178 +/-1 mm, a wall thickness of 2.5 +/-0.1 mm and a machined length of 1250 +/-0.5 mm as an example, a product processed by the tool is about 9min10s-9min35s in processing time and is 9min21s on average; the internal support ratio of the traditional multi-top block self-centering adjustable structure is about 14min35s-16min, and the average ratio is 15min4 s; the processing efficiency is improved by 37.94%; the length and the size of the 10 processed spinning cylinders are counted and shown in the table 2, and it can be known that the length deviation of four quadrants of the cylinder is smaller, and the perpendicularity of the end face of the notch part is better.

TABLE 1 statistical table of processing time of spinning cylinder with certain size

TABLE 2 statistical table of processing time of spinning cylinder with certain size

3. The invention has simple structure, low raw material cost, low tool design and manufacture cost, easy processing and low production and manufacture cost.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the construction of the sleeve;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the construction of the elastic slats;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the push rod;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the shaft construction;

fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the present invention.

Wherein: 1. a push rod; 2. a sleeve; 3. a shaft; 4. a lathe chuck; 5. an elastic panel; 6. a workpiece support block; 7. a cylindrical member.

Detailed Description

The embodiment is an internal support tool for machining and trimming a cylindrical part with the wall thickness less than or equal to 3mm, and the internal support tool is provided with two internal support tools which are used in pairs.

The present embodiment comprises a push rod 1, a sleeve 2 and a shaft 3. The outer conical surface of the push rod 1 is arranged in the elastic section of the sleeve 2, and the outer conical surface of the push rod is attached to the inner conical surface of the elastic section of the sleeve 2. One end of the shaft 3 is arranged in the push rod and the sleeve.

The sleeve is made of elastic steel, and 65Mn is adopted in the embodiment; the push rod 1 and the sleeve 2 are made of 45# steel.

The sleeve 2 is a cylindrical part and is divided into an elastic section and a rigid section. The center of the rigid section end plate is provided with a shaft hole for mounting the shaft 3, and the shaft hole is in threaded fit with the shaft; the inner end face of the rigid section end plate is a stroke limiting face of the push rod 1. The sleeve housing of the spring section is divided axially into n spring strips 5, which form the spring section of the sleeve. The distance between the side surfaces of the adjacent elastic battens is b, and b is 2-5 mm; the axial length of each elastic lath is determined according to the length of the cylindrical part to be supported; the root of each cutting seam is provided with an elastic lath expanding hole with the diameter d. Each elastic lath is close to the tapered surface of the inner surface of the sleeve port, wherein the taper of the tapered surface is theta, theta is 3-5 degrees, and the length of the tapered surface is one half of the axial length of the elastic lath.

The outer circumferential surface of the outer end of the elastic section is provided with a boss protruding in the radial direction, and the outer diameter D of the boss₁The same as the inner diameter of the cylindrical member 7. After the elastic section of the sleeve 2 is divided and formed into a plurality of elastic laths 5, the bosses respectively form workpiece supporting blocks 6 at the outer end heads of the elastic laths.

The number n of elastic strips is determined by the formula n ═ pi D/(20+ b), where D is the internal diameter of the tubular element 7 and b is the spacing between adjacent elastic strips.

The outer diameter of the workpiece support block is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the cylindrical part 7, and a gap δ is formed between the workpiece support block and the cylindrical part, wherein δ is equal to D/1000 and is measured in mm. The inner surface of the cylindrical member is supported by a work support block 9 located at the outer end face of each elastic strip.

The diameter d of the expansion hole of the elastic lath is determined by the formula d ═ b +4 and has the unit of mm.

The outer diameter D of the boss₁By the formula D₁D-2 deltaAnd the unit is mm.

The shaft 3 is a stepped shaft, and the end face of the stepped shaft forms a positioning end face of the push rod 1. The small diameter section of axle one end and the shaft hole sliding fit of push rod 1 terminal surface, the major diameter section in this axle middle part be with push rod internal surface complex thread face. The circumferential surface of the other end of the shaft is a threaded hole matched with the shaft hole in the center of the end plate of the rigid section of the sleeve 2.

One end of the push rod is a shaft sliding section, and a shaft hole in clearance fit with the small-diameter end of the shaft 3 is formed in the center of an end plate of the sliding section. The other end of the push rod is an expansion section, and the outer surface of the expansion section is a conical surface; the taper of the conical surface is the same as that of the elastic lath. The inner hole of the push rod 1 is in a step shape, wherein the inner diameter of the sliding section is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the small-diameter section of the shaft 3, and the inner surface of the expansion section is a thread surface matched with the large-diameter section of the shaft. Two blind operation holes are uniformly distributed on the outer circumferential surface of the shaft sliding section of the push rod, and the push rod is rotated by the blind operation holes to move forwards or backwards along the shaft 3.

In the invention, the number n of the elastic strip, the diameter D of the bottom hole at the root part of the elastic strip and the clearance b of the elastic strip are determined according to the inner diameter D of the processed cylindrical part. The inner wall of the sleeve is a conical surface at the inner profile part of the elastic strip, the angle theta of the conical surface is determined according to the inner diameter D of the processed cylindrical part, and the larger the diameter is, the larger the angle of the conical surface is. The sleeve and the shaft are connected through threads and welded to form an integral structure; the push rod is installed on the shaft through threads, and the conical surface of the outer surface of the push rod is matched with the inner conical surface of the sleeve, so that a plurality of elastic laths are uniformly distributed on the sleeve and are opened, the workpiece supporting blocks on the elastic laths are attached to the inner wall of the cylindrical part, and the cylindrical part is effectively supported.

In the embodiment, the clearance b of the elastic lath is 4mm, and the conical surface angle theta of the inner wall of the sleeve at the inner profile part of the elastic lath is 3 degrees; and determining the main key dimension of the internal support tool according to the inner diameter D of the cylindrical part to be processed, and manufacturing the tool.

And calculating and manufacturing the size of the internal support tool.

n＝πD/(20+b)＝3.14×200/(20+4)＝26.2；

The number of the elastic battens is n, and n is 26;

δ＝D/1000＝200/1000＝0.2；

the gap delta between the lug boss and the inner wall of the cylindrical part is 0.2 mm;

D₁＝D-2δ＝200-2×0.2＝199.6

diameter D of boss structure part of sleeve₁199.8 mm;

d＝b+4＝4+4＝8；

the diameter d of the bottom hole of the elastic lath is 8;

during installation, the combined 2-sleeve inner support tool is respectively installed on a lathe chuck 4 of a numerical control lathe through a shaft, and the working surface circle run-out of the inner support tool is aligned to be not more than 0.05 mm; the cylindrical part with the inner diameter of phi 200mm to be processed is sleeved on the inner support tool, the mounting position of the cylindrical part is adjusted, the condition that the edge cutting position does not interfere with the inner support tool when the cylindrical part is subjected to edge cutting during machining is ensured, and the inner support tool is prevented from being damaged.

When in use, a gap delta is formed between the boss of the outer profile of the sleeve and the inner wall of the cylindrical part in the initial free state, and the gap is 0.2mm in the embodiment; rotating the push rod to make the push rod move forwards on the shaft to approach the sleeve, so that the outer surface of the expansion section of the push rod is tightly attached to the inner conical surface of the sleeve; when the push rod continues to move forwards, the push rod struts a plurality of elastic laths uniformly distributed on the sleeve through the sliding of the joint conical surface, so that the elastic laths synchronously and uniformly expand outwards, the workpiece supporting blocks on the elastic laths are jointed with the inner surface of the cylindrical part to be subjected to machining edge cutting, and the inner wall of the cylindrical part is effectively supported.

After the machining trimming of the cylindrical part is finished, the push rod is screwed to move backwards to leave the sleeve, so that the outer surface of the push rod is separated from the inner conical surface of the sleeve, the elastic laths are contracted, the workpiece supporting blocks on the elastic laths are separated from the inner wall of the machined cylindrical part, and the unloading is realized.