阅读说明：本技术 一种催化裂解方法 (Catalytic cracking method ) 是由 袁起民 魏晓丽 谢朝钢 于 2018-08-10 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种催化裂解方法,该方法包括：将轻质原料引入第二催化裂解反应器中与催化裂解催化剂接触并进行催化裂解反应；将来自第二催化裂解反应器的至少部分第二待生催化剂引入第一催化裂解反应器的第一反应区中与重质原料接触并依次在第一催化裂解反应器的第一反应区、过渡区和第二反应区中进行催化裂解反应；将来自第一催化裂解反应器的第一待生催化剂和任选部分来自第二催化裂解反应器的第二待生催化剂引入再生器中进行烧焦再生,将所得部分再生催化剂从所述过渡区的补剂口引入过渡区中。本发明的方法可以提高催化裂解的低碳烯烃产率,减少干气和焦炭生成。(The invention relates to a catalytic cracking method, which comprises the following steps: introducing the light raw material into a second catalytic cracking reactor to contact with a catalytic cracking catalyst and carrying out catalytic cracking reaction; introducing at least part of the second spent catalyst from the second catalytic cracking reactor into the first reaction zone of the first catalytic cracking reactor to contact with the heavy raw material, and carrying out catalytic cracking reaction in the first reaction zone, the transition zone and the second reaction zone of the first catalytic cracking reactor in sequence; the first spent catalyst from the first catalytic cracking reactor and optionally a portion of the second spent catalyst from the second catalytic cracking reactor are introduced into a regenerator for coke burn regeneration, and the resulting portion of regenerated catalyst is introduced into the transition zone from a make-up port of the transition zone. The method can improve the yield of the catalytic cracking low-carbon olefin and reduce the generation of dry gas and coke.)

1. A catalytic cracking process, the process comprising:

introducing the light raw material into a second catalytic cracking reactor to contact with a catalytic cracking catalyst and perform catalytic cracking reaction, and separating the obtained oil mixture to obtain a second spent catalyst and second reaction oil gas;

introducing at least part of a second spent catalyst from a second catalytic cracking reactor into a first reaction zone of a first catalytic cracking reactor to contact with a heavy raw material, sequentially carrying out catalytic cracking reaction in the first reaction zone, a transition zone and a second reaction zone of the first catalytic cracking reactor, and separating an obtained oil agent mixture to obtain a first spent catalyst and first reaction oil gas;

introducing a first spent catalyst from a first catalytic cracking reactor and an optional part of a second spent catalyst from a second catalytic cracking reactor into a regenerator for scorching regeneration to obtain a regenerated catalyst;

introducing the resulting partially regenerated catalyst into a second catalytic cracking reactor as the catalytic cracking catalyst, and introducing the resulting partially regenerated catalyst into a transition zone from a make-up port of the transition zone.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: taking out at least part of the catalyst from a reagent taking port below a transition zone reagent port, and then sending the catalyst into a regenerator for scorching regeneration; wherein, the weight of the catalyst taken out accounts for 1 to 100 percent of the weight of the second spent catalyst from the second catalytic cracking reactor in unit time.

3. The process of claim 1, wherein the heavy feedstock is selected from at least one of a heavy petroleum hydrocarbon oil selected from one or more of an atmospheric gas oil, a vacuum gas oil, a coker gas oil, a deasphalted oil, a hydrogenated tail oil, an atmospheric residue, a vacuum residue, and a crude oil; the mineral oil is selected from one or more of coal liquefaction oil, oil sand oil and shale oil;

the light raw material is selected from one or more of light petroleum hydrocarbon oil, synthetic oil and biological oil, the light petroleum hydrocarbon oil is hydrocarbon fraction with the distillation range of 25-350 ℃, the hydrocarbon fraction comprises one or more of dry gas, liquefied gas, naphtha, catalytic cracking gasoline, diesel oil and hydrogenation raffinate oil, the synthetic oil is distillate oil obtained by performing Fischer-Tropsch synthesis on at least one of coal, natural gas and asphalt, and the biological oil is selected from at least one of vegetable oil, animal oil and microbial oil.

4. The process of claim 1 wherein the catalytic cracking catalyst comprises a zeolite, an inorganic oxide and optionally a clay, in respective proportions by weight of the total catalyst: 1-50 wt% of zeolite, 5-99 wt% of inorganic oxide and 0-70 wt% of clay;

the zeolite is a medium pore zeolite and/or an optional large pore zeolite, the medium pore zeolite accounts for 0-100 wt% of the total weight of the zeolite, the large pore zeolite accounts for 0-100 wt% of the total weight of the zeolite, the medium pore zeolite is selected from one or more of ZSM series zeolite, ZRP zeolite and β zeolite, and the large pore zeolite is selected from one or more of rare earth Y, rare earth hydrogen Y, ultrastable Y and high silicon Y;

the inorganic oxide is selected from silicon dioxide and/or aluminum oxide;

the clay is selected from kaolin and/or halloysite.

5. The process of claim 1, wherein the reaction conditions of the first reaction zone comprise: the reaction temperature is 480-650 ℃, the reaction time is 0.05-1.8 seconds, and the weight ratio of the catalyst to the raw oil is 3-20: 1, the weight ratio of the water vapor to the raw oil is 0.03-0.8: 1;

the reaction conditions in the transition zone may be: the retention time is 0.05-0.6 seconds;

the reaction conditions of the second reaction zone are as follows: the reaction temperature is 480 ℃ and 650 ℃, and the reaction time is 0.1-10 seconds;

the reaction conditions of the second catalytic cracking reactor include: the reaction temperature is 500-750 ℃, the weight ratio of the catalyst to the raw oil is 1-80: 1, the reaction time is 0.2-10 seconds, and the weight ratio of the water vapor to the raw oil is 0.03-1.0: 1.

6. The process of claim 1, wherein the reaction conditions of the first reaction zone comprise: the reaction temperature is 500-600 ℃, the reaction time is 0.1-1.2 seconds, the weight ratio of the catalyst to the raw oil is 5-15: 1, and the weight ratio of the water vapor to the raw oil is 0.05-0.5: 1;

the reaction conditions in the transition zone may be: the retention time is 0.1-0.3 seconds;

the reaction conditions of the second reaction zone are as follows: the reaction temperature is 500-600 ℃, and the reaction time is 0.5-5 seconds;

the reaction conditions of the second catalytic cracking reactor include: the reaction temperature is 520-680 ℃, the weight ratio of the catalyst to the raw oil is 5-40: 1, the reaction time is 0.5-5 seconds, and the weight ratio of the water vapor to the raw oil is 0.05-0.5: 1.

7. The process of claim 1, wherein the first and second catalytic cracking reactors are each independently selected from one, more combinations, or combinations of reactors, in parallel and/or in series, of a riser, a constant diameter riser, or a variable diameter riser, a constant linear velocity fluidized bed, a constant diameter fluidized bed, an ascending transport bed, and a descending transport bed.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the first catalytic cracking reactor and the second catalytic cracking reactor are both riser reactors.

9. The process of claim 8, wherein the first reaction zone height comprises 10-60% of the first catalytic cracking reactor height;

the height of the second reaction zone accounts for 20-80% of the height of the first catalytic cracking reactor;

the height of the transition zone is 5-20% of the height of the first catalytic cracking reactor.

10. The process of claim 8, wherein the ratio of the internal diameter of the transition zone to the internal diameter of the first reaction zone is from 1.2 to 3; the ratio of the internal diameter of the transition zone to the internal diameter of the second reaction zone is from 1.05 to 2.5.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a catalytic cracking method.

Background

Light olefins such as ethylene and propylene are important basic organic materials and play a significant role in the petrochemical industry. Although steam cracking is still the main source of low-carbon olefins at present, the steam cracking is subject to the essential characteristics of hydrocarbon thermal cracking reaction, and has the disadvantages of high energy consumption, high production cost, and CO₂Large discharge amount, difficult adjustment of product structure and other technical limitations. The catalytic cracking reaction mainly follows a carbonium ion mechanism due to the introduction of a catalyst, so that the process energy consumption, the production cost and CO are reduced₂The discharge amount is obviously reduced, the yield and the selectivity of the target product are greatly improved, the raw material source is widened, and the method becomes an important development direction for producing low-carbon olefin.

Catalytic cracking is a deep catalytic cracking technology, and the core of the process is still a reaction-regeneration system. The main units of a typical reaction regeneration system include a single riser reactor, a regenerator, a settler, and a stripper. In the existing riser catalytic cracking device, the raw oil after heat exchange is usually contacted and reacted with the high-temperature regenerated catalyst from the regenerator at the bottom of the riser, and then the raw oil ascends along the riser reactor to continue the reaction process, and the activity and reaction temperature of the catalyst are continuously reduced along the flowing direction of oil gas of the reactor due to the continuous generation of coke and the endothermic effect of the cracking reaction. From the petrochemical perspective, the larger the hydrocarbon molecule, the lower the cracking activation energy, the easier the cracking reaction occurs, and the lower the requirements on reaction temperature and catalyst activity; and the smaller the hydrocarbon molecule, the higher the cracking activation energy, the more difficult the cracking reaction occurs, and the requirements on the reaction temperature and the catalyst activity are correspondingly higher. Therefore, in the existing riser catalytic cracking device, the reaction temperature and the axial gradient distribution of the catalyst activity in the reactor are in contradiction with the chemical requirements of the catalytic cracking reaction, thereby causing that the yield and the selectivity of the low-carbon olefin are generally lower and the yield of dry gas and coke is obviously higher in the prior art.

In recent years, the technology of producing low-carbon olefins by using a double-riser reactor through combined feeding has received great attention.

Chinese patent CN101074392A discloses a method for producing propylene and high-quality gasoline and diesel oil by two-stage catalytic cracking, wherein the feeding of a first stage riser is fresh heavy raw oil, and light hydrocarbon raw materials can be fed into the lower part or the bottom of the first stage riser; the second section of riser is fed with gasoline or cycle oil with high olefin content, and can be fed in layers or mixed, and the lower part or the bottom of the second section of riser can be fed with other light hydrocarbon raw materials. The method mainly utilizes a two-section riser catalytic cracking process, combines feeding modes aiming at reaction materials with different properties, and controls the reaction conditions suitable for different materials so as to achieve the purposes of improving the yield of propylene and inhibiting the production of dry gas and coke.

Chinese patent CN1710029A discloses a catalytic cracking method and apparatus, which utilizes a dual-riser catalytic cracking apparatus to mix a stripped light hydrocarbon riser spent catalyst and a heavy oil riser regenerated catalyst in a catalyst mixer, and the mixed catalyst enters a heavy oil riser reactor to contact and react with a heavy oil raw material. Although the technology reduces the contact temperature of the oil at the bottom of the heavy oil riser reactor, improves the oil-to-oil ratio and reduces the adverse effect of thermal cracking reaction on product distribution, the technology fails to solve the problem that the catalytic action is obviously poor in the later reaction stage of the riser reactor due to the carbon deposit inactivation of the catalyst.

Chinese patent CN1226388C discloses a riser catalytic cracking method and apparatus, the apparatus comprises a riser reactor, a first regenerator and a second regenerator, the middle part of the riser reactor is provided with a middle catalyst inlet communicated with the second regenerator, and the bottom catalyst inlet of the riser reactor is communicated with the first regenerator. Although the method solves the problem of poor catalytic action of the latter half section of the riser reactor, the method still has the problem of high thermal cracking reaction degree caused by contact of raw materials and a high-temperature catalyst in the initial reaction stage of the riser reactor.

Chinese patent CN102051213A discloses a catalytic cracking method, in which a heavy feedstock is contacted with a catalyst containing shape-selective zeolite in a first riser reactor comprising at least two reaction zones to perform a cracking reaction, wherein the catalysts introduced in the two reaction zones are both high-temperature regenerated catalysts from a regenerator; the light raw material and cracked heavy oil are introduced into the second riser reactor and the fluidized bed reactor to contact with the catalyst containing shape-selective zeolite from the same regenerator to carry out cracking reaction, so as to improve the conversion rate of heavy oil and the yield of propylene. The method also fails to solve the problem of high thermal cracking reaction degree in the initial stage of the riser reactor.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a catalytic cracking method, which can improve the yield of low-carbon olefin subjected to catalytic cracking and reduce the generation of dry gas and coke.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a catalytic cracking method comprising:

introducing the light raw material into a second catalytic cracking reactor to contact with a catalytic cracking catalyst and perform catalytic cracking reaction, and separating the obtained oil mixture to obtain a second spent catalyst and second reaction oil gas;

introducing at least part of a second spent catalyst from a second catalytic cracking reactor into a first reaction zone of a first catalytic cracking reactor to contact with a heavy raw material, sequentially carrying out catalytic cracking reaction in the first reaction zone, a transition zone and a second reaction zone of the first catalytic cracking reactor, and separating an obtained oil agent mixture to obtain a first spent catalyst and first reaction oil gas;

introducing a first spent catalyst from a first catalytic cracking reactor and an optional part of a second spent catalyst from a second catalytic cracking reactor into a regenerator for scorching regeneration to obtain a regenerated catalyst;

introducing the resulting partially regenerated catalyst into a second catalytic cracking reactor as the catalytic cracking catalyst, and introducing the resulting partially regenerated catalyst into a transition zone from a make-up port of the transition zone.

Optionally, the method further includes: taking out at least part of the catalyst from a reagent taking port below a transition zone reagent port, and then sending the catalyst into a regenerator for scorching regeneration; wherein, the weight of the catalyst taken out accounts for 1 to 100 percent of the weight of the second spent catalyst from the second catalytic cracking reactor in unit time.

Optionally, the heavy feedstock is selected from at least one of a heavy petroleum hydrocarbon oil selected from one or more of an atmospheric gas oil, a vacuum gas oil, a coker gas oil, a deasphalted oil, a hydrogenated tail oil, an atmospheric residue, a vacuum residue, and a crude oil; the mineral oil is selected from one or more of coal liquefaction oil, oil sand oil and shale oil;

the light raw material is selected from one or more of light petroleum hydrocarbon oil, synthetic oil and biological oil, the light petroleum hydrocarbon oil is hydrocarbon fraction with the distillation range of 25-350 ℃, the hydrocarbon fraction comprises one or more of dry gas, liquefied gas, naphtha, catalytic cracking gasoline, diesel oil and hydrogenation raffinate oil, the synthetic oil is distillate oil obtained by performing Fischer-Tropsch synthesis on at least one of coal, natural gas and asphalt, and the biological oil is selected from at least one of vegetable oil, animal oil and microbial oil.

Optionally, the catalytic cracking catalyst comprises zeolite, inorganic oxide and optionally clay, and the proportion of each component in the total weight of the catalyst is as follows: 1-50 wt% of zeolite, 5-99 wt% of inorganic oxide and 0-70 wt% of clay;

the zeolite is a medium pore zeolite and/or an optional large pore zeolite, the medium pore zeolite accounts for 0-100 wt% of the total weight of the zeolite, the large pore zeolite accounts for 0-100 wt% of the total weight of the zeolite, the medium pore zeolite is selected from one or more of ZSM series zeolite, ZRP zeolite and β zeolite, and the large pore zeolite is selected from one or more of rare earth Y, rare earth hydrogen Y, ultrastable Y and high silicon Y;

the inorganic oxide is selected from silicon dioxide and/or aluminum oxide;

the clay is selected from kaolin and/or halloysite.

Optionally, the reaction conditions of the first reaction zone include: the reaction temperature is 480-650 ℃, the reaction time is 0.05-1.8 seconds, and the weight ratio of the catalyst to the raw oil is 3-20: 1, the weight ratio of the water vapor to the raw oil is 0.03-0.8: 1;

the reaction conditions in the transition zone may be: the retention time is 0.05-0.6 seconds;

the reaction conditions of the second reaction zone are as follows: the reaction temperature is 480 ℃ and 650 ℃, and the reaction time is 0.1-10 seconds;

the reaction conditions of the second catalytic cracking reactor include: the reaction temperature is 500-750 ℃, the weight ratio of the catalyst to the raw oil is 1-80: 1, the reaction time is 0.2-10 seconds, and the weight ratio of the water vapor to the raw oil is 0.03-1.0: 1.

Optionally, the reaction conditions of the first reaction zone include: the reaction temperature is 500-600 ℃, the reaction time is 0.1-1.2 seconds, the weight ratio of the catalyst to the raw oil is 5-15: 1, and the weight ratio of the water vapor to the raw oil is 0.05-0.5: 1;

the reaction conditions in the transition zone may be: the retention time is 0.1-0.3 seconds;

the reaction conditions of the second reaction zone are as follows: the reaction temperature is 500-600 ℃, and the reaction time is 0.5-5 seconds;

the reaction conditions of the second catalytic cracking reactor include: the reaction temperature is 520-680 ℃, the weight ratio of the catalyst to the raw oil is 5-40: 1, the reaction time is 0.5-5 seconds, and the weight ratio of the water vapor to the raw oil is 0.05-0.5: 1.

Optionally, the first catalytic cracking reactor and the second catalytic cracking reactor are respectively and independently selected from one or more combinations of a riser, a fluidized bed with equal linear speed, a fluidized bed with equal diameter, an ascending type conveying bed and a descending type conveying bed or a plurality of combinations of one reactor, the combination mode is parallel connection and/or serial connection, and the riser is an equal-diameter riser or a variable-diameter riser.

Optionally, the first catalytic cracking reactor and the second catalytic cracking reactor are both riser reactors.

Optionally, the height of the first reaction zone accounts for 10-60% of the height of the first catalytic cracking reactor;

the height of the second reaction zone accounts for 20-80% of the height of the first catalytic cracking reactor;

the height of the transition zone is 5-20% of the height of the first catalytic cracking reactor.

Optionally, the ratio of the internal diameter of the transition zone to the internal diameter of the first reaction zone is from 1.2 to 3; the ratio of the internal diameter of the transition zone to the internal diameter of the second reaction zone is from 1.05 to 2.5.

The invention is provided with the double catalytic cracking reactors, can feed raw materials with different properties into different reactors, flexibly adjusts the reaction conditions of the reactors and improves the yield and the selectivity of target products.

The first reaction zone of the first catalytic cracking reactor can introduce the second catalyst to be regenerated with low carbon deposit in the second catalytic cracking reactor, so that the reaction temperature and the catalyst activity in the first reaction zone are reduced, the regenerated catalyst from the regenerator can be introduced in the transition zone, the catalyst activity and the reaction temperature in the second reaction zone are improved, the yield of low-carbon olefin is improved, and the generation of dry gas and coke is reduced.

The double catalytic cracking reactors share the regenerator, so that the problem of heat balance of a certain raw material due to low coke generation amount and insufficient regeneration heat can be solved.

Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of one embodiment of the process of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic flow diagram of another embodiment of the process of the present invention.

Description of the reference numerals

I first reaction zone II second reaction zone III transition zone

1 line 2 first catalytic cracking reactor 3 line

4 pipeline 5 raw oil inlet and 6 oil outlet

7 first settler 8 gas collection chamber 9 pipeline

10 first stripper 11 line 12 spent agent chute

13 regenerator 14 line 15 line

16 regenerant inclined tube 17 control valve 18 regenerant inclined tube

19 control valve 20 line 21 second catalytic cracking reactor

22 line 23 line 24 raw oil inlet

25 second settler 26 plenum 27 line

28 second stripper 29 spent agent inclined tube 30 line

31 line 32 line

Detailed Description

The following describes in detail specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.

As shown in fig. 1-2, the present invention provides a catalytic cracking system, the apparatus includes a first catalytic cracking reactor 2, a second catalytic cracking reactor 21, a regenerator 13, a first oil separation device and a second oil separation device; the first catalytic cracking reactor 2 comprises a first reaction zone I, a transition zone III and a second reaction zone II which are sequentially arranged according to the flow direction of reaction materials and are in fluid communication, wherein the first reaction zone I is provided with a catalyst inlet and a raw oil inlet, the transition zone III is provided with a supplement port for supplementing a catalyst, and the second reaction zone II is provided with an oil outlet; the first oil agent separation device is provided with an oil agent inlet, a catalyst outlet and an oil gas outlet; the second catalytic cracking reactor 21 is provided with a raw oil inlet, a catalyst inlet and an oil outlet; the second oil agent separation device is provided with an oil agent inlet, a catalyst outlet and an oil gas outlet; the regenerator 13 is provided with a spent catalyst inlet and a regenerated catalyst outlet; the catalyst inlet of the first reaction zone I is in fluid communication with the catalyst outlet of the second oil agent separation device, and the replenishing port of the transition zone III is in fluid communication with the regenerated catalyst outlet of the regenerator 13; the oil outlet of the second reaction zone II is in fluid communication with the oil inlet of the first oil separation device, the catalyst outlet of the first oil separation device is in fluid communication with the spent catalyst inlet of the regenerator 13, the catalyst inlet of the second catalytic cracking reactor 21 is in fluid communication with the regenerated catalyst outlet of the regenerator 13, the oil outlet of the second catalytic cracking reactor 21 is in fluid communication with the oil inlet of the second oil separation device, and the catalyst outlet of the second oil separation device is optionally in fluid communication with the spent catalyst inlet of the regenerator 13.

In the present invention, the first catalytic cracking reactor and the second catalytic cracking reactor may be various reactors, for example, may be independently selected from one or more of a riser, a fluidized bed with constant linear velocity, a fluidized bed with constant diameter, an ascending transport bed and a descending transport bed, or a plurality of combinations of one reactor, the combinations may be in parallel and/or in series, and the riser may be a constant diameter riser or a variable diameter riser. The first catalytic cracking reactor and the second catalytic cracking reactor are preferably riser reactors.

According to the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, a reagent taking port may be disposed below the replenishing port of the transition zone III, and the reagent taking port may be in fluid communication with the spent catalyst inlet of the regenerator 13, so that a part of the coked catalyst may be taken out from the reagent taking port and sent to the regenerator for coke burning regeneration, and more regenerated catalyst may be replenished, thereby increasing the catalyst activity and the reaction temperature in the second reaction zone. In the invention, the agent taking port is provided with an oil agent separation device for separating reaction oil gas and carbon deposit catalyst; the oil agent separation equipment can be centrifugal separation equipment or sedimentation separation equipment, the centrifugal separation equipment can be one group or a plurality of groups of cyclone separators which are connected in series, and the oil agent separation equipment can also be inertial gas-solid rapid separation equipment, sedimentation separation equipment such as a settler and the like; the separated carbon-deposited catalyst enters a regenerator for coke burning regeneration, and the reaction oil gas returns to the transition region of the reactor to contact with the catalyst for continuous reaction.

In one embodiment, the first catalytic cracking reactor and the second catalytic cracking reactor are both riser reactors, the height of the first reaction zone I accounts for 10-60% of the height of the first catalytic cracking reactor 2, the height of the second reaction zone II accounts for 20-80% of the height of the first catalytic cracking reactor 2, the height of the transition zone III accounts for 5-20% of the height of the first catalytic cracking reactor 2, the ratio of the inner diameter of the transition zone III to the inner diameter of the first reaction zone I is 1.2-3, the ratio of the inner diameter of the transition zone III to the inner diameter of the second reaction zone II is 1.05-2.5, the transition zone, the first reaction zone and the second reaction zone can be equal-diameter pipes or variable-diameter pipes, and the ratio of the inner diameter of the transition zone III to the inner diameter of the first reaction zone I is the ratio of the inner diameter of the transition zone III to the inner diameter of the first reaction zone I at any height, the ratio of the inner diameter of the second reaction zone II to the inner diameter of the first reaction zone I is the ratio of the inner diameter of the second reaction zone II at any height to the inner diameter of the first reaction zone I at any height. The first reaction zone I, the transition zone III and the second reaction zone II may be coaxially arranged.

In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1-2, the first oil solution separation device includes a first settler 7 and a first stripper 10 which are disposed up and down and are in fluid communication with each other, the first catalytic cracking reactor 2 extends into the first stripper 10 and the first settler 7 from bottom to top from the first stripper 10, an oil solution outlet of the second reaction zone II is located in the first settler 7, an oil gas outlet of the first oil solution separation device is disposed at the top of the first settler 7, and a catalyst outlet of the first oil solution separation device is disposed at the lower part of the stripper 10. The second oil agent separation device comprises a second settler 25 and a second stripper 28 which are arranged up and down and communicated with each other, the second catalytic cracking reactor 21 is arranged from the bottom of the second stripper 28 to the bottom of the second stripper 28 from bottom to top, the second stripper 28 and the second settler 25 are arranged in the second catalytic cracking reactor 21, an oil agent outlet of the second catalytic cracking reactor 21 is arranged in the second settler 25, an oil gas outlet of the second oil agent separation device is arranged at the top of the second settler 25, and a catalyst outlet of the second oil agent separation device is arranged at the lower part of the stripper 28.

The invention also provides a catalytic cracking method, which comprises the following steps: introducing the light raw material into a second catalytic cracking reactor to contact with a catalytic cracking catalyst and perform catalytic cracking reaction, and separating the obtained oil mixture to obtain a second spent catalyst and second reaction oil gas;

introducing at least part of a second spent catalyst from a second catalytic cracking reactor into a first reaction zone of a first catalytic cracking reactor to contact with a heavy raw material, sequentially carrying out catalytic cracking reaction in the first reaction zone, a transition zone and a second reaction zone of the first catalytic cracking reactor, and separating an obtained oil agent mixture to obtain a first spent catalyst and first reaction oil gas;

introducing a first spent catalyst from a first catalytic cracking reactor and an optional part of a second spent catalyst from a second catalytic cracking reactor into a regenerator for scorching regeneration to obtain a regenerated catalyst;

introducing the resulting partially regenerated catalyst into a second catalytic cracking reactor as the catalytic cracking catalyst, and introducing the resulting partially regenerated catalyst into a transition zone from a make-up port of the transition zone.

According to the present invention, the heavy feedstock may be selected from at least one of heavy petroleum hydrocarbon oils, which may be selected from at least one of atmospheric gas oil, vacuum gas oil, coker gas oil, deasphalted oil, hydrogenated tail oil, atmospheric residue, vacuum residue, and crude oil; the mineral oil may be selected from at least one of coal liquefaction oil, oil sand oil, and shale oil. The light raw material can be at least one of light petroleum hydrocarbon oil, synthetic oil and biological grease. The light petroleum hydrocarbon oil can be hydrocarbon fraction with the distillation range of 25-350 ℃, such as one or more of dry gas, liquefied gas, naphtha, catalytic cracking gasoline, diesel oil, hydrogenated raffinate oil and the like; the synthetic oil can be distillate oil obtained by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of at least one of coal, natural gas or asphalt; the biological oil and fat may be at least one selected from vegetable oil and fat, animal oil and fat, and microbial oil and fat. The catalytic cracking catalyst used may include zeolites,Inorganic oxide and clay, wherein the proportion of each component in the total weight of the catalyst can be zeolite 1-50 wt%, inorganic oxide 5-99 wt%, clay 0-70 wt%, wherein the zeolite is used as active component, and can be medium pore zeolite and/or large pore zeolite, the medium pore zeolite can be 0-100 wt%, preferably 20-80 wt%, and the large pore zeolite can be 0-100 wt%, preferably 20-80 wt%, the medium pore zeolite can be at least one selected from ZSM series zeolite, ZRP zeolite and β zeolite, the medium pore zeolite can be modified by nonmetal element such as phosphorus and/or transition metal element such as iron, cobalt and nickel, the ZRP is more thoroughly described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,232,675, the series zeolite is selected from ZSM-5, ZSM-11, ZSM-12, ZSM-23, ZSM-35, ZSM-38, ZSM-48 and one or more than one mixture selected from ZSM-5, ZSM-3,702, ZSM-48 and other zeolite with similar structure, and can be selected from one or more than one of rare earth zeolite (RE) as super-Si-containing rare earth oxide, RE-containing rare earth element (RE) and optionally one or more than RE) selected from the group consisting of rare earth elements (RE) zeolite, such as a high-Si-containing rare earth element (RE) and optionally a rare earth element (RE)₂) And/or aluminum oxide (Al)₂O₃). The clay, as a matrix (i.e., carrier), may be selected from kaolin and/or halloysite. The reaction conditions of the first reaction zone may include: the reaction temperature is 480-650 ℃, preferably 500-600 ℃, the reaction time is 0.05-1.8 seconds, preferably 0.1-1.2 seconds, and the weight ratio of the catalyst to the raw oil (hereinafter referred to as the catalyst-oil ratio) is 3-20: 1, preferably 5-15: 1, the weight ratio of the water vapor to the raw oil (hereinafter referred to as water-oil ratio) is 0.03-0.8: 1, preferably 0.05-0.5: 1, and the pressure is 130kPa-450 kPa; the reaction conditions in the transition zone may be: the residence time is 0.05-0.6 seconds, preferably 0.1-0.3 seconds, the weight of the supplemented regenerated catalyst in the transition zone accounts for 1-75%, preferably 5-50% of the total circulating amount of the catalyst in the first catalytic cracking reactor, if the catalyst is taken out from the lower part of the transition zone, the weight of the catalyst taken out accounts for 1-100%, preferably 20-80% of the weight of the second spent catalyst from the second catalytic cracking reactor in unit time; the reaction conditions in the second reaction zone may be: the reaction temperature is 480-650 ℃, preferably 500-600The reaction time is 0.1 to 10 seconds, preferably 0.5 to 5 seconds. The reaction conditions of the second catalytic cracking reactor may include: the reaction temperature is 500-750 ℃, preferably 520-680 ℃, the catalyst-oil ratio is 1-80: 1, preferably 5-40: 1, the reaction time is 0.2-10 seconds, preferably 0.5-5 seconds, the water-oil ratio is 0.03-1.0: 1, preferably 0.05-0.5: 1, and the pressure is 130-450 kPa. The regeneration conditions of the regenerator may be: the regeneration temperature is 550 ℃ and 750 ℃, and the average residence time of the catalyst is 0.5-2 minutes.

The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the invention is not limited thereto.

As shown in fig. 1, a pre-lifting medium enters from the lower part of a first riser reactor 2 as a first catalytic cracking reactor through a pipeline 1, a spent catalyst from a pipeline 31 moves upwards along the first riser reactor under the lifting action of the pre-lifting medium, heavy first raw oil is injected into the lower part of a first reaction zone I from a raw oil inlet 5 through a pipeline 4 together with atomized steam from a pipeline 3, and is mixed with the existing material flow of the first riser reactor, and the first raw oil is contacted with a hot catalyst and reacts. The generated oil gas and carbon deposit catalyst ascends into the transition zone III, is mixed with the regenerated catalyst from the regenerant inclined tube 16, enters the bottom of the second reaction zone II, and continuously ascends along the second reaction zone II for reaction. The generated oil gas and spent catalyst enter a cyclone separator in a first settler 7 through an oil agent outlet 6 to realize the separation of the spent catalyst and the oil gas, the oil gas enters an air collection chamber 8, and catalyst fine powder returns to the first settler 7 through a dipleg. The spent catalyst in the first settler 7 flows to the first stripper 10 where it is contacted with steam from line 11. Oil gas stripped from the spent catalyst enters a gas collection chamber 8 after passing through a cyclone separator, and the oil gas in the gas collection chamber 8 enters a subsequent separation system through a pipeline 9. The stripped spent catalyst enters a regenerator 13 through a spent agent inclined pipe 12, the main air enters the regenerator through a pipeline 14 to burn off coke on the spent catalyst, the inactivated spent catalyst is regenerated, and the flue gas enters a smoke machine through a pipeline 15. One part of the regenerated catalyst enters the first riser reactor for recycling through a regenerant inclined pipe 16, and a control valve 17 controls the flow of the regenerated catalyst; the other part of the regenerated catalyst enters a second riser reactor which is a second catalytic cracking reactor 21 through a regenerant inclined tube 18, the flow of the regenerated catalyst is controlled by a control valve 19, and the regenerated catalyst ascends along the second riser reactor under the action of a pre-lifting medium from a pipeline 20. The second feedstock oil is injected via line 23 into the lower portion of the second riser reactor together with the atomized steam from line 22 via feedstock oil inlet 24, and mixes with the existing stream of the second riser reactor, and the feedstock oil contacts the hot catalyst and reacts. The generated oil gas and spent catalyst enter a cyclone separator in a second settler 25 through a top oil outlet of the second riser reactor to realize the separation of the spent catalyst and the oil gas, the oil gas enters a gas collection chamber 26, and catalyst fine powder returns to the second settler 25 through a dipleg. Spent catalyst in the second settler 25 flows to the second stripper 28 to contact steam from line 30. Oil gas stripped from the spent catalyst enters a gas collection chamber 26 after passing through a cyclone separator, and the oil gas in the gas collection chamber 26 enters a subsequent separation system through a pipeline 27. The stripped spent catalyst partially or completely enters the first riser reactor through a pipeline 31, and can also partially enter a regenerator through a spent agent inclined pipe 29 to be burned and regenerated for recycling. Wherein, the pre-lifting medium can be dry gas, water vapor or a mixture of the dry gas and the water vapor.

Fig. 2 differs from fig. 1 in that: a catalyst taking port is arranged at the lower part of the transition section catalyst replenishing port and communicated with a pipeline 32 to take out part of the carbon-deposited catalyst.

The following examples further illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the invention thereto.