阅读说明：本技术 一种固定式熔池熔炼炉制作工艺 (Fixed molten pool smelting furnace manufacturing process ) 是由 张俊峰 初长青 解维平 于 2019-10-09 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种固定式熔池熔炼炉制作工艺,固定式熔池熔炼炉包括四部分,炉底、炉缸、炉身和炉顶。本发明不同区域采用不同材质的耐火材料砌筑,适应各自区域熔体温度及冲刷,延长熔炼炉的使用寿命。炉体水套内壁涂抹捣打料,首次开炉挂渣前对炉体有效保护,延长炉体使用寿命。根据炉温及耐火材料的材质,合理设置膨胀缝,耐火砖与炉体间铺设高铝陶瓷纤维纸,有效消除膨胀,防止炉体损坏。炉体水套交接处内侧凹槽采用圆钢进行封堵,外部填充耐火泥；各层耐火材料间设置防渗层,有效防止漏炉、漏,降低停车检修频次,降低生产成本。(The invention provides a manufacturing process of a fixed molten pool smelting furnace, which comprises four parts, namely a furnace bottom, a furnace hearth, a furnace body and a furnace top. The invention adopts refractory materials of different materials to build different areas, adapts to the melt temperature and scouring of the respective areas and prolongs the service life of the smelting furnace. The inner wall of the water jacket of the furnace body is coated with the ramming material, so that the furnace body is effectively protected before the furnace body is opened for the first time and slag is attached, and the service life of the furnace body is prolonged. According to the furnace temperature and the material of refractory materials, the expansion joint is reasonably arranged, and high-alumina ceramic fiber paper is laid between the refractory brick and the furnace body, so that the expansion is effectively eliminated, and the furnace body is prevented from being damaged. The inner side groove at the joint of the furnace body water jacket is blocked by round steel, and the outside is filled with refractory mortar; and an impermeable layer is arranged between each layer of refractory material, so that furnace leakage and leakage are effectively prevented, the parking maintenance frequency is reduced, and the production cost is reduced.)

1. A fixed molten pool smelting furnace manufacturing process comprises four parts, namely a furnace bottom (1), a furnace hearth (2), a furnace body (3) and a furnace top (4), and is characterized by comprising the following steps:

the furnace bottom (1) is a copper matte deposition area, the bottom is divided into an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer, the upper layer is a furnace bottom working layer (11) and is combined with magnesia-chrome bricks by electric melting, the middle layer is a furnace bottom secondary working layer (12) and is directly combined with the magnesia-chrome bricks, the bottom layer is a heat insulation layer (13) and is made of clay bricks, and a 150 mm impermeable layer (14) is arranged between every two layers;

secondly, the hearth (2) region belongs to a reaction zone, the inner layer is a hearth working layer (21) and is combined with magnesia-chrome bricks by electric melting, the outer layer is a hearth secondary working layer (22) and is protected by being combined with the magnesia-chrome bricks by electric melting and is in staggered joint wet building with the magnesia-chrome bricks of the hearth working layer (21), a layer of high-alumina ceramic fiber paper is additionally arranged between a furnace body shell (24) and the hearth secondary working layer (22) after being filled by ramming materials, and gaps between each layer of hearth flat water jacket (23) and refractory bricks are filled by the high-alumina ceramic fiber paper, so that the copper water jacket can be expanded properly;

thirdly, a water jacket of the furnace body (3) adopts a tooth-shaped water jacket (31), an anchoring nail is welded on the convex surface of the water jacket, a ramming material is coated, so that the water jacket can be effectively protected when the slag is not attached in the early stage, a contact gap of the tooth-shaped water jacket (31) is embedded into a groove of the water jacket by adopting round steel, and refractory mortar is filled outside; a blocking copper water jacket (61) is arranged on the top of the furnace above the copper tank (6) and the slag tank (5), a ramming material (63) is smeared on the lower part of the blocking copper water jacket (61), circulating cooling water is adopted for cooling, and a burner hole and a measuring hole (64) are reserved.

2. A fixed molten pool smelting furnace making process according to claim 1, characterized in that the hearth working layer (11) is made of fused and recombined magnesia chrome bricks, 2mm paper boards are added every 3 bricks in the length direction, 2mm paper boards are added every 9 bricks in the width direction, and 2mm paper boards are added every 8 bricks in the length direction of hearth arch foot bricks.

3. A fixed molten pool smelting furnace making process according to claim 1, characterized in that the hearth secondary working layer (12) is constructed by directly combining magnesite-chrome bricks, staggeredly building bricks with the hearth working layer (11), adding a 2mm paper board for every 4 bricks in the length direction, adding 2mm expanded paper boards for every 16 bricks in the width direction, and adding a 2mm paper board for every 16 bricks in the length direction of the arch foot bricks.

4. The manufacturing process of a fixed molten pool smelting furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the hearth working layer (21) is formed by combining magnesite-chrome bricks by electric melting, 2mm paper boards are added at every 3 bricks of an expansion vertical joint (27), 2mm paper boards are added at every 8 bricks of an expansion horizontal joint (26), a hearth secondary working layer (22) is arranged at the outer side after a through joint is formed at the corner of the hearth working layer (21), the hearth secondary working layer (22) is formed by combining magnesite-chrome bricks by electric melting, the hearth secondary working layer (22) and the hearth working layer (21) are constructed in a staggered joint mode, ramming materials are filled between a furnace body shell (24) and the hearth secondary working layer (22), and high-alumina ceramic fiber paper is laid, so that the furnace shell and the bricks are not subjected to expansion extrusion; the high-alumina ceramic fiber paper board (25) is adopted between the hearth flat water jacket (23) and the brick body for flat laying and filling, so that the water jacket and the brick body are not subjected to expansion extrusion.

5. The manufacturing process of a fixed molten pool smelting furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the toothed water jacket (31) of the furnace body is welded with tie bars at the convex surface to form a reinforcing mesh, and is integrally cast by using a template support, so that the water jacket is effectively protected before slag is not attached at the early stage of furnace casting; the groove at the joint of the furnace body tooth-shaped water jacket (31) is plugged by round steel, and refractory mortar is filled outside.

6. The manufacturing process of the fixed molten pool smelting furnace according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the fused recombined magnesia-chrome brick adopts fused magnesia and fused magnesia-chrome sand as raw materials, and is formed by fine proportioning, high pressure forming and ultra-high temperature sintering, wherein the apparent porosity is less than or equal to 16%, the normal temperature compressive strength is more than or equal to 45MPa, and the 0.2MPa refractoriness under load is 1750 ℃.

7. The manufacturing process of the fixed molten pool smelting furnace according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the direct-bonded magnesite-chrome brick is manufactured by fine batching of sintered magnesite and chromite, and has an apparent porosity of less than or equal to 18%, a normal temperature compressive strength of more than or equal to 35MPa, and a refractoriness under load of 0.2MPa of 1660 ℃.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of smelting equipment, and particularly relates to a manufacturing process of a fixed molten pool smelting furnace.

Background

With the development of economic technology, the market demand on nonferrous metals is increased, and the enterprises with small scale and heavy pollution are greatly rectified in the face of national energy conservation and emission reduction. Therefore, the productivity is improved, the consumption index is reduced, the production cost is reduced, and the enterprise can develop continuously only by carrying out large-scale production.

At present, because the types of refractory materials are more, the physicochemical properties are different, if the expansion is not effectively eliminated in the production process, the lining of the smelting furnace is seriously damaged, the water jacket and the shell deform, and furnace leakage and smoke leakage are caused at the through seam of the furnace body, so that the integral start-up rate of the system is influenced and the surrounding environment is polluted. Therefore, according to the process control, the reasonable arrangement of different parts for masonry and effective secondary protection of the melt become important technologies for improving the start rate and improving the smelting index.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a manufacturing process of a fixed molten pool smelting furnace in order to solve the problems.

The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows: a fixed molten pool smelting furnace manufacturing process comprises four parts, namely a furnace bottom, a furnace hearth, a furnace body and a furnace top, and comprises the following steps:

1) the furnace bottom is a copper matte deposition area, the bottom is divided into an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer, the upper layer is a furnace bottom working layer and is combined with magnesia-chrome bricks by electric melting, the middle layer is a furnace bottom secondary working layer and is directly combined with the magnesia-chrome bricks, the bottom layer is a heat-insulating layer and is made of clay bricks, and a 150 mm impermeable layer is arranged between every two layers;

the hearth area belongs to a reaction zone, the inner layer is a hearth working layer, the magnesia-chrome brick is recombined by adopting electric melting, the outer layer is a hearth secondary working layer, the magnesia-chrome brick is recombined by adopting electric melting for protection and is subjected to staggered joint wet building with the magnesia-chrome brick of the working layer, a layer of high-alumina ceramic fiber paper is additionally arranged between the outer shell of the furnace body and the hearth secondary working layer after being filled by a ramming material, and a gap between each layer of hearth water jacket and a refractory brick is filled by the high-alumina ceramic fiber paper, so that the copper water jacket can be properly expanded;

the furnace body water jacket adopts a tooth-shaped water jacket, an anchoring nail is welded on the convex surface of the water jacket, a ramming material is coated, so that the water jacket can be effectively protected when slag is not attached in the early stage, a contact gap of the tooth-shaped water jacket is embedded into a water jacket groove by adopting round steel, and refractory mortar is filled outside; a blocking copper water jacket is arranged on the top of the copper pool and the slag pool, a ramming material is smeared on the lower part of the blocking water jacket, circulating cooling water is adopted for cooling, and a burner hole and a measuring hole are reserved;

furthermore, the furnace bottom working layer is fused and then combined with the magnesia-chrome bricks, the expansion coefficient is determined according to the material properties and the operating temperature of the magnesia-chrome bricks, the expansion amount of the masonry body per meter is calculated according to the expansion coefficient, then expansion paper boards are reasonably reserved, 2mm paper boards are added every 3 bricks in the length direction, 2mm paper boards are added every 9 bricks in the width direction, and 2mm paper boards are added every 8 bricks in the length direction of the furnace bottom arch foot bricks;

further, the furnace bottom secondary working layer is constructed by directly combining magnesia-chrome bricks and staggered joints with the brick bodies of the furnace bottom working layer, 2mm paper boards are added every 4 pieces in the length direction, 2mm expansion paper boards are added every 16 pieces in the width direction, and 2mm paper boards are added every 16 pieces in the length direction of the arch foot bricks;

furthermore, the hearth working layer adopts electric melting and recombination of magnesia-chrome bricks, 2mm paper boards are added at every 3 expansion vertical seams, 2mm paper boards are added at every 8 expansion horizontal seams, a hearth secondary working layer is arranged on the outer side after a through seam is formed at the corner of the hearth working layer, the hearth secondary working layer is the electric melting and recombination of the magnesia-chrome bricks, the hearth secondary working layer and the hearth working layer are constructed in a staggered joint mode, ramming materials are filled between the furnace body shell and the hearth secondary working layer, and high-alumina ceramic fiber paper is laid, so that the furnace shell and the brick body are not subjected to expansion extrusion; high-alumina ceramic fiber paper is adopted between the hearth flat water jacket and the brick body for tiling and filling, so that the water jacket and the brick body are not subjected to expansion extrusion;

furthermore, the convex surface of the furnace body tooth-shaped water jacket is welded with a tie bar to form a reinforcing mesh, the integral casting is carried out by adopting a template support, and the water jacket is effectively protected before slag is not attached in the early stage of furnace casting; the groove at the joint of the furnace body tooth-shaped water jacket is plugged by round steel, and refractory mortar is filled outside the groove;

furthermore, the fused recombined magnesia-chrome brick adopts fused magnesia and fused magnesia-chrome sand as raw materials, and is formed by fine batching, high-pressure forming and ultrahigh-temperature sintering, wherein the apparent porosity is less than or equal to 16%, the normal-temperature compressive strength is more than or equal to 45MPa, and the refractoriness under load of 0.2MPa is 1750 ℃;

furthermore, the directly bonded magnesia-chrome brick adopts sintered magnesia and chromite as raw materials and is prepared by fine ingredients, the apparent porosity is less than or equal to 18 percent, the normal-temperature compressive strength is more than or equal to 35MPa, and the refractoriness under load of 0.2MPa is 1660 ℃.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1) different areas are built by adopting refractory materials of different materials, the temperature and the scouring of melts in the respective areas are adapted, and the service life of the smelting furnace is prolonged.

2) The inner wall of the water jacket of the furnace body is coated with the ramming material, so that the furnace body is effectively protected before the furnace body is opened for the first time and slag is attached, and the service life of the furnace body is prolonged.

3) The expansion coefficient is determined according to the material properties of the magnesia-chrome bricks and the operating temperature, the expansion amount of the masonry body per meter is calculated according to the expansion coefficient, then expansion joints are reasonably arranged, high-alumina ceramic fiber paper is laid between the refractory bricks and the furnace body, expansion is effectively eliminated, and the furnace body is prevented from being damaged.

4) The inner side groove at the joint of the furnace body water jacket is blocked by round steel, and the outside is filled with refractory mortar; and an impermeable layer is arranged between each layer of refractory material, so that furnace leakage and smoke leakage are effectively prevented, the parking maintenance frequency is reduced, and the production cost is reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the construction of a melting furnace of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the hearth of the smelting furnace of the present invention.

Description of the parts: 1. the furnace comprises a furnace bottom, 11, a furnace bottom working layer, 12, a furnace bottom secondary working layer, 13, a furnace bottom heat insulation layer, 14, an impermeable layer, 2, a furnace hearth, 21, a furnace hearth working layer, 22, a furnace hearth secondary working layer, 23, a furnace hearth flat water jacket, 24, a furnace body shell, 25, a fiber paper board, 26, an expansion horizontal seam, 27, an expansion vertical seam, 3, a furnace body, 31, a tooth-shaped water jacket 4, a furnace top, 5, a slag bath, 6, a copper bath, 51, a slag bath upper furnace top, 61, a blocking copper water jacket, 62, a copper bath upper furnace top, 63, ramming materials, 64, a combustor and a measuring hole.

Detailed Description

For a better understanding and appreciation of the invention, it will be further described in connection with the accompanying drawings: referring to fig. 1 and 2, a manufacturing process of a fixed molten bath smelting furnace, the fixed molten bath smelting furnace comprises four parts, namely a furnace bottom 1, a furnace hearth 2, a furnace body 3 and a furnace top 4, and the manufacturing process comprises the following steps:

1) the furnace bottom 1 is a copper matte deposition area, the bottom is divided into an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer, the upper layer is a furnace bottom working layer 11 which is combined with magnesia-chrome bricks by electric melting, the middle layer is a furnace bottom secondary working layer 12 which is directly combined with magnesia-chrome bricks, the bottom layer is a heat insulation layer 13 which is made of clay bricks, and a 150 mm impermeable layer 14 is arranged between each two layers; the expansion coefficient of the furnace bottom working layer 11 is determined according to the material properties of the magnesium-chromium bricks and the operating temperature, the expansion amount of the masonry body per meter is calculated according to the expansion coefficient, then expansion paper boards are reasonably reserved, 2mm paper boards are added every 3 bricks in the length direction, 2mm paper boards are added every 9 bricks in the width direction, and 2mm paper boards are added every 8 bricks in the length direction of the furnace bottom arch springing bricks; the furnace bottom secondary working layer 12 is constructed by directly combining magnesia-chrome bricks and staggered joints with the brick bodies of the furnace bottom working layer 11, a 2mm paper board is added every 4 pieces in the length direction, 2mm expanded paper boards are added every 16 pieces in the width direction, and a 2mm paper board is added every 16 pieces in the length direction of the arch springing bricks;

the area of the hearth 2 belongs to a reaction zone, the inner layer is a hearth working layer 21, the magnesia-chrome brick is recombined by adopting electric melting, the outer layer is a hearth secondary working layer 22, the magnesia-chrome brick is recombined by adopting electric melting for protection, the hearth working layer 21 is formed by adding a 2mm paper board at every 3 expansion vertical joints 27, a 2mm paper board is added at every 8 expansion horizontal joints 26, after a through joint is formed at the corner of the hearth working layer 21, the hearth secondary working layer 22 is arranged at the outer side, the hearth secondary working layer 22 is formed by combining the magnesia-chrome brick by electric melting, the hearth secondary working layer 22 and the hearth working layer 21 are constructed in a staggered joint way, ramming materials are filled between a furnace body shell 24 and the hearth secondary working layer 22, and high-alumina ceramic fiber paper is laid, so that the furnace shell and a brick body are not subjected to expansion extrusion; the hearth flat water jacket 23 and the brick body are flatly paved and filled by a high-alumina ceramic fiber paperboard 25, so that the water jacket and the brick body are not subjected to expansion extrusion;

the water jacket of the furnace body 3 adopts a tooth-shaped water jacket 31, an anchoring nail is welded on the convex surface of the water jacket, a ramming material is coated, so that the water jacket can be effectively protected when no slag is attached in the early stage, a contact gap of the tooth-shaped water jacket 31 is embedded into a water jacket groove by adopting round steel, and refractory mortar is filled outside; and a blocking copper water jacket 61 is arranged on the top of the copper pool 6 and the slag pool 5, a bottom ramming material 63 is smeared on the lower part of the copper pool and the slag pool, circulating cooling water is adopted for cooling, and a burner hole and a measuring hole 64 are reserved.

The fused recombined magnesia-chrome brick adopts fused magnesia and fused magnesia-chrome sand as raw materials, and has high direct bonding rate, good particle bonding degree, apparent porosity less than or equal to 16 percent, good high-temperature volume stability, normal-temperature compressive strength more than or equal to 45MPa and 0.2MPa refractoriness under load of 1750 ℃ by fine material preparation, high-pressure molding and ultrahigh-temperature sintering.

The directly-bonded magnesia-chrome brick is prepared from sintered magnesia and chromite serving as raw materials through fine ingredients, has good high-temperature resistance and excellent thermal shock resistance, and has the apparent porosity of less than or equal to 18 percent, the normal-temperature compressive strength of more than or equal to 35MPa and the refractoriness under load of 0.2MPa at 1660 ℃.

The invention adopts refractory materials of different materials to build different areas, adapts to the melt temperature and scouring of the respective areas and prolongs the service life of the smelting furnace. The inner wall of the water jacket of the furnace body is coated with the ramming material, so that the furnace body is effectively protected before the furnace body is opened for the first time and slag is attached, and the service life of the furnace body is prolonged. According to the furnace temperature and the material of refractory materials, the expansion joint is reasonably arranged, and high-alumina ceramic fiber paper is laid between the refractory brick and the furnace body, so that the expansion is effectively eliminated, and the furnace body is prevented from being damaged. The inner side groove at the joint of the furnace body water jacket is blocked by round steel, and the outside is filled with refractory mortar; and an impermeable layer is arranged between each layer of refractory material, so that furnace leakage and leakage are effectively prevented, the parking maintenance frequency is reduced, and the production cost is reduced.