阅读说明：本技术 一种基于粉末状物料打印用3d打印机 (Based on powdery material prints and uses 3D printer ) 是由 王操 浮燕 赵喆 白海通 于 2021-09-18 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及3D打印设备技术领域,且公开了一种基于粉末状物料打印用3D打印机,包括支架,所述支架的两侧固定安装有铺粉推板,两个所述支架之间连接有固定轴,所述固定轴的外侧活动连接有铺粉辊。通过使用电子束作为能量源时,电子接触粉料后,会在粉料表面产生累计的负电荷,且硬铬层的外侧接触到粉料进行铺粉也带有负电荷,同时,活动块在活动槽的内部的竖直方向移动,从而带动伸缩气囊通过固定气管和管道进行吸气,使铺粉辊底端部分的硬铬层温度降低,令粉料表面负电荷和硬铬层的外侧负电荷相互作用,使粉料脱离硬铬层表面,从而避免硬铬层的外侧附着粉料继续旋转,使铺粉平面凹陷,同时避免物料的离心抛撒,提高铺粉的平整度。(The invention relates to the technical field of 3D printing equipment and discloses a 3D printer for printing based on powdery materials. When using electron beam as the energy source, behind the electron contact powder, can produce accumulative total negative charge on the powder surface, and the outside of hard chromium layer contacts the powder and spreads the powder and also has the negative charge, and simultaneously, the movable block removes at the vertical direction of the inside of activity groove, thereby it breathes in through fixed trachea and pipeline to drive flexible gasbag, make the hard chromium layer temperature of shop's whitewashed roller bottom end portion reduce, make powder surface negative charge and the outside negative charge interact of hard chromium layer, make the powder break away from the hard chromium layer surface, thereby avoid the outside of hard chromium layer to adhere to the powder and continue to rotate, make the shop's powder plane sunken, avoid the centrifugation of material to spill simultaneously, improve the roughness of shop's powder.)

1. The utility model provides a print and use 3D printer based on powdered material, includes support (1), the both sides fixed mounting of support (1) has shop's powder push pedal (2), two be connected with fixed axle (3), its characterized in that between support (1): the outer side of the fixed shaft (3) is movably connected with a powder paving roller (4), the outer side of the powder paving roller (4) is fixedly connected with a hard chromium layer (5), the outer side of the powder paving roller (4) is circumferentially equiangularly provided with movable grooves (6) respectively, the front and the back of each movable groove (6) are fixedly connected with fixed rods (7), the two sides of each fixed rod (7) are equidistantly and fixedly connected with clamping blocks (8) respectively, the outer part of each fixed rod (7) is movably connected with a movable block (9), the front and the back of each movable block (9) are provided with sliding grooves, the front and the back of each movable block (9) are provided with clamping grooves (10) respectively through the two sides of each sliding groove, the front and the back of each movable groove (6) are respectively and movably connected with springs (11) positioned on the two sides of the fixed rods (7), and the springs (11) are close to one side of the inner part of each movable groove (6) and fixedly connected with movable plates (12), the utility model discloses a movable air bag 14, the front and the equal fixedly connected with the back of fixed air bag.

2. The 3D printer for printing based on powdery materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: the shape of the movable groove (6) is fan-shaped, and the shape of the movable block (9) in the movable groove (6) is the same as that of the part of the movable groove (6) close to the inner side direction of the powder spreading roller (4).

3. The 3D printer for printing based on powdery materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: the whole width of the fixed rod (7) and the clamping block (8) is the same as the width of the sliding grooves formed in the front and the back of the movable block (9).

4. The 3D printer for printing based on powdery materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: the shape of screens piece (8) is acute triangle-shaped, and the outside direction of spreading powder roller (4) is pointed to acute triangle-shaped's outside, the shape of screens piece (8) is the same with the shape of card slot (10) of circumference.

5. The 3D printer for printing based on powdery materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fixed air pipe (14) is U-shaped, three surfaces of the fixed air pipe (14) are arranged on two sides of the movable groove (6) and the surface of the movable groove (6) close to the outer side of the powder spreading roller (4), and the fixed air pipe (14) is communicated with the telescopic air bag (13).

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of 3D printing equipment, in particular to a 3D printer for printing based on powdery materials.

Background

The 3D printer for the powdery materials comprises a working cylinder, a feeding cylinder, a powder paving roller, a powder paving push plate and the like, the 3D printing technology of Electron Beam Melting (EBM) adopts an electron beam as an energy source, a forming bottom plate in the working cylinder is heated to a certain temperature before a first layer is printed, then the first layer of powder is paved through the powder paving roller, the paved powder is pre-sintered due to the high temperature of the forming bottom plate, powder particles are not scattered after the powder is discharged, then the paved powder is heated by repeatedly scanning the energy source of the 3D printing, then the printing is melted, a second layer of powder paving is carried out through the powder paving roller after the printing is finished, and the newly paved powder is instantly heated to form a pre-sintered state due to the certain high temperature of the upper layer of powder, therefore, the forming area needs an energy source for 3D printing before or after each layer is printed, and the forming area is heated.

In the 3D printing process, the design of a powder laying device plays a decisive role in the uniformity of laid powder, the uniformity of laid powder directly influences the sintering quality, in the powder laying device, when a powder laying roller rotates, although a push plate basically lays the powder uniformly before the roller is compacted, a roller still carries a small part of powder during compaction, then the small part of powder is thrown to a compacted place under the action of centrifugal force to cause the non-uniformity of laid powder, the traditional method uses the push plate to strike the thrown powder again to make the powder uniform, but the powder drops to the surface of the powder after being thrown out by the method and is struck again to cause the powder compacted by the powder laying roller to move again around, thereby influencing the compactness of the powder and influencing the sintering effect; meanwhile, a part of powder can move upwards to one side of the rotating direction continuously along with the surface of the powder spreading roller, so that the grooves exist in the plane where the powder spreading roller rolls, and the quality of the solid parts after 3D printing is reduced.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the existing 3D printing powder spreading roller in the use process in the background technology, the invention provides the 3D printer for printing based on the powdery material, which has the advantages of enabling the powder spreading to be more uniform and avoiding the powder spreading roller from driving the powder to scatter on the surface, and solves the technical problems in the background technology.

The invention provides the following technical scheme: A3D printer for printing based on powdery materials comprises supports, wherein powder spreading push plates are fixedly mounted on two sides of each support, a fixed shaft is connected between the two supports, a powder spreading roller is movably connected to the outer side of the fixed shaft, a hard chromium layer is fixedly connected to the outer side of the powder spreading roller, movable grooves are respectively formed in the outer side of the powder spreading roller in the circumferential direction at equal angles, fixed rods are fixedly connected to the front side and the back side of each movable groove, clamping blocks are respectively fixedly connected to the two sides of each fixed rod at equal intervals, movable blocks are movably connected to the outer portions of the fixed rods in the external direction, sliding grooves are formed in the front side and the back side of each movable block, the clamping grooves are respectively formed in the front side and the back side of each movable groove through the two sides of the corresponding sliding groove, springs located on the two sides of each fixed rod are respectively movably connected to the front side and the back side of each movable groove, and a movable plate is fixedly connected to one side, which is close to the inner portion of each movable groove, the utility model discloses a movable air bag, including activity groove, activity piece, fixed trachea, the equal fixedly connected with pipeline in the front and the back of fixed trachea, the other end fixedly connected with seal bearing of pipeline, the outside fixed connection of seal bearing and fixed axle, the flexible gasbag of inside bottom fixedly connected with in activity groove is located the movable block below, the fixed trachea of both sides fixedly connected with in activity groove middle part, the equal fixedly connected with pipeline in fixed trachea's front and back, the other end fixedly connected with seal bearing of pipeline, the outside fixed connection of seal bearing and fixed axle.

Preferably, the shape of the movable groove is fan-shaped, and the shape of the movable block in the movable groove is the same as that of the part of the movable groove close to the inner side direction of the powder paving roller.

Preferably, the whole width of the fixed rod and the clamping block is the same as the width of the sliding groove formed in the front and the back of the movable block.

Preferably, the shape of the clamping block is acute-angled triangle, the tip of the outer side of the acute-angled triangle faces the outer side direction of the powder spreading roller, and the shape of the clamping block is the same as that of the clamping groove in the same circumferential direction.

Preferably, the fixed air pipe is U-shaped, three surfaces of the fixed air pipe are arranged on two sides of the movable groove and the surface of the movable groove close to the outer side of the powder spreading roller, and the fixed air pipe is communicated with the telescopic air bag.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. according to the invention, when the electron beam is used as an energy source, electrons contact with powder, accumulated negative charges are generated on the surface of the powder, the outer side of the hard chromium layer is contacted with the powder to pave the powder and also carries the negative charges, meanwhile, the movable block moves in the vertical direction in the movable groove, so that the telescopic air bag is driven to suck air through the fixed air pipe and the pipeline, the temperature of the hard chromium layer at the bottom end part of the powder paving roller is reduced, the negative charges on the surface of the powder and the negative charges on the outer side of the hard chromium layer are interacted, the powder is separated from the surface of the hard chromium layer, the powder attached to the outer side of the hard chromium layer is prevented from continuously rotating, the powder paving plane is sunken, the centrifugal scattering of the material is avoided, and the flatness of the powder paving is improved.

2. According to the invention, in the rotating process of the powder spreading roller and the hard chromium layer, different movable grooves are continuously in a vertical state in the circumferential direction of the powder spreading roller, the movable block is arranged in the movable groove in the vertical state, the movable plates on two sides of the movable block push the movable block to be in the center line position of the fixed rod, and the movable block is not subjected to the acting force of the fixed rod and the clamping block, so that when the movable groove moves downwards, the positive pressure of the powder spreading roller and the hard chromium layer acting on the surface of the powder layer under the instantaneous condition can be improved, the compactness of the powder spreading roller and the hard chromium layer for compacting powder is increased, and the quality of the final finished parts is improved.

3. According to the invention, the movable groove is formed on the outer side of the powder spreading roller, so that the inner side of the powder spreading roller is not arranged in a solid manner, the weight of the powder spreading roller is reduced, when the powder spreading roller is positioned on the outer side of the fixed shaft and slides and rolls, the driving force required by the support is reduced, and the whole weight of the powder spreading roller which is correspondingly loaded when the same positive pressure is used for multiple times of powder spreading is reduced, so that the transmission energy consumption in the powder spreading process is reduced, and the energy consumption cost is reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional front view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the structure at A in FIG. 1 according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of the structure of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic side view of the present invention with a partial structure cut away.

In the figure: 1. a support; 2. spreading a powder push plate; 3. a fixed shaft; 4. spreading a powder roller; 5. a hard chromium layer; 6. a movable groove; 7. fixing the rod; 8. a bit block; 9. a movable block; 10. a card slot; 11. a spring; 12. a movable plate; 13. a telescopic air bag; 14. fixing the air pipe; 15. a pipeline; 16. and sealing the bearing.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1-3, a fixed shaft 3D printer for printing based on powdery materials comprises supports 1, powder spreading push plates 2 are fixedly installed on two sides of each support 1, a fixed shaft 3 is connected between the two supports 1, a powder spreading roller 4 is movably connected on the outer side of the fixed shaft 3, a hard chromium layer 5 is fixedly connected on the outer side of the powder spreading roller 4, movable grooves 6 are respectively formed in the outer side of the powder spreading roller 4 at equal angles in the circumferential direction, fixed rods 7 are fixedly connected on the front side and the back side of each movable groove 6, clamping blocks 8 are respectively fixedly connected on two sides of each fixed rod 7 at equal intervals, a movable block 9 is movably connected on the outer side of each fixed rod 7, sliding grooves are formed in the front side and the back side of each movable block 9, clamping grooves 10 are respectively formed in the front side and the back side of each movable block 9 through two sides of the sliding grooves, springs 11 located on two sides of each fixed rod 7 are respectively and movably connected on two sides of the front side and the back side of each movable groove 6, one side fixedly connected with fly leaf 12 that spring 11 is close to the inside of activity groove 6, the inside bottom fixedly connected with of activity groove 6 is located the flexible gasbag 13 of movable block 9 below, the both sides fixedly connected with fixed trachea 14 in activity groove 6 middle part, the equal fixedly connected with pipeline 15 in the front and the back of fixed trachea 14, the other end fixedly connected with seal bearing 16 of pipeline 15, seal bearing 16 and the outside fixed connection of fixed axle 3.

When the powder material is fed by using the electron beam, the electron beam is made to melt the powder material in a selective area, accumulated negative charges can be generated on the surface of the powder material after the electron beam contacts the powder material, namely, the powder material is negatively charged, when the powder spreading roller 4 is used for compacting the material, the hard chromium layer 5 on the outer surface of the powder spreading roller 4 contacts the powder material, the negatively charged powder material is directly contacted with the uncharged hard chromium layer 5, the negative charges on the surface of the powder material are transferred, the surface of the powder material and the hard chromium layer 5 share the negative charges, the sharing process is firstly neutralization and then evenly divided, and therefore the surfaces of the powder material and the hard chromium layer 5 are both negatively charged.

Wherein, the shape of activity groove 6 is fan-shaped, and the shape of the inside movable block 9 of activity groove 6 is the same with the shape that activity groove 6 is close to the inboard direction part of shop's powder roller 4, makes movable groove 6 can cover the lateral surface of shop's powder roller 4 in the outside circumference of shop's powder roller 4, makes movable block 9 can vertical removal in the inside of activity groove 6 to top bottom movable block 9 in shop's powder roller 4 outside under the action of gravity, makes the powder material compaction.

Wherein, the whole width of dead lever 7 and screens piece 8 is the same with the sliding tray width that the movable block 9 openly was seted up with the back, make shop's powder roller 4 and hard chromium layer 5 at the pivoted in-process, make the continuous vertical state of process in the activity groove 6 of difference, make movable block 9 when the activity groove 6 of vertical state is inside, thereby movable block 9 both sides fly leaf 12 promotes movable block 9 at the central line position of dead lever 7, make movable block 9 not receive dead lever 7 and screens piece 8 effort, thereby when the inside downstream of activity groove 6, can improve under the instantaneous condition, shop's powder roller 4 and hard chromium layer 5 use the surperficial normal pressure of bisque, thereby increase shop's powder roller 4 and hard chromium layer 5 compactness to the powder compaction, improve the quality of final finished product part.

Wherein the shape of the blocking block 8 is acute triangle, the tip of the outer side of the acute triangle faces the outer side direction of the powder spreading roller 4, the shape of the blocking block 8 is the same as the shape of the clamping groove 10 in the same circumferential direction, and the surface of the blocking block 8 close to the inner side of the powder spreading roller 4 is connected with a small tooth block, so that the movable block 9 is fixed at other positions except the vertical position of the movable groove 6, meanwhile, under the action of the clamping block 8, when the movable groove 6 is arranged at one side part of the circumference of the powder paving roller 4, the movable block 9 pushes the side movable plate 12 to be close to one side of the fixed rod 7 under the action of self gravity, under the clamping action of the clamping block 8 and the action of the surface small tooth block, the movable block 9 is fixed at the outer side position of the fixed rod 7 until the movable block 9 reaches the vertical position, so that the movable block 9 is precisely controlled to move only when the movable groove 6 is in the vertical position, thereby improving the accuracy of the whole device.

Referring to fig. 4, the fixed air pipe 14 is U-shaped, three surfaces of the fixed air pipe 14 are close to the outer side of the powder spreading roller 4 on two sides of the movable groove 6 and the movable groove 6, the fixed air pipe 14 is communicated with the telescopic air bag 13, so that when the fixed air pipe 14 is introduced into external air through the pipeline 15, the temperature of the hard chromium layer 5 of the corresponding part is reduced, negative charges on the surface of powder and the outer side of the hard chromium layer 5 interact with each other, the powder is separated from the surface of the hard chromium layer 5, the powder is prevented from being attached to the outer side of the hard chromium layer 5 and continuously rotating, the powder spreading plane is sunken, meanwhile, centrifugal scattering of the material is avoided, and the flatness of the powder is improved.

Wherein, when the movable groove 6 is vertical, the movable block 9 moves in the movable groove 6, so that the telescopic airbag 13 stretches and sucks external air, the temperature in the fixed air pipe 14 and the telescopic airbag 13 is reduced, meanwhile, the powder spreading roller 4 and the hard chromium layer 5 rotate at a certain angle outside the fixed shaft 3, the telescopic airbag 13 and the fixed air pipe 14 exchange heat with the outer hard chromium layer 5, so that the temperature of powder attached to the outer surface is reduced, the powder falls off, namely, after the temperature of the outer hard chromium layer 5 of the powder spreading roller 4 is reduced, the compaction work of the powder layer at the topmost layer is not performed, so that the cooled hard chromium layer 5 and the heat exchange powder layer are avoided, meanwhile, when the powder is spread, the powder spreading roller 4 spreads the powder, the powder and the upper powder layer can be preheated by heat exchange, namely, the temperature reduction of the powder spreading and the hard chromium layer 5 can be performed simultaneously, thereby avoiding the dissipation of the heat of the upper integral powder layer and improving the action efficiency.

The use method (working principle) of the invention is as follows:

when powder is paved, the forming bottom plate in the working cylinder moves downwards, the bottom plate in the feeding cylinder moves upwards to enable the powder materials in the working cylinder to be on one side of the powder paving push plate 2 and the powder paving roller 4, the powder paving push plate 2 and the powder paving roller 4 rotate on the outer side of the fixed shaft 3 through the lead screw, the powder paving push plate 2 pushes the redundant materials to move towards the moving direction, the powder materials are compacted at the bottom end of the fixed shaft 3, the movable block 9 on one side of the powder paving roller 4 pushes the movable plate 12 to be close to one side of the fixed rod 7 under the action of self gravity of the movable block 9, the movable block 9 is fixed at the outer side of the fixed rod 7 under the clamping action of the clamping block 8 and the action of the small surface tooth blocks until the movable block 9 reaches the vertical position, meanwhile, when the movable block 9 in the movable groove 6 rotates to the vertical direction, the movable block 9 on the top end part of the powder paving roller 4 is in the vertical state of the movable block 9, the acting force of the two side movable plates 12 on the front surface and the back surface of the movable block 9 on the movable block 9 is the same, the central line of the movable block 9 is the same as the central line of the fixed rod 7, the movable block 9 is not clamped by the clamping blocks 8 on the two sides, the movable block 9 moves downwards under the action of self gravity, the movable block 9 compresses the telescopic air bag 13 at the bottom end to discharge the internal air through the fixed air pipe 14 and the pipeline 15, the movable block 9 at the bottom end part of the powder paving roller 4 is arranged, because the acting force of the two side movable plates 12 on the front surface and the back surface of the movable block 9 on the movable block 9 is the same under the vertical state of the movable block 9, the central line of the movable block 9 is the same as the central line of the fixed rod 7, the movable block 9 is not clamped by the clamping blocks 8 on the two sides, the movable block 9 moves downwards under the action of self gravity, the movable block 9 pulls the bottom end of the telescopic air bag 13, the telescopic air bag 13 is expanded and is filled with the external air through the pipeline 15 and the fixed air pipe 14, the internal temperature of the movable groove 6 is reduced, so that the partial temperature of the hard chromium layer 5 is reduced, the temperature of the powder attached to the outer side of the hard chromium layer 5 is reduced, the negative charges on the surface of the powder and the negative charges on the surface of the hard chromium layer 5 interact, the powder is separated from the bottom end part of the hard chromium layer 5, and the powder is compacted by the bottom end of the hard chromium layer 5.

It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.