阅读说明：本技术 一种用于净化空气颗粒污染物的混纺滤材 (Blended filter material for purifying air particle pollutants ) 是由 黄然 于 2019-11-16 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种由甲壳素纤维和经表面正电荷改性的无纺布纤维混纺制备的用于空气颗粒污染物物过滤净化的滤材。本发明将常见无纺布纤维进行表面正电荷改性处理后,与甲壳素纤维混纺,得到的混合纤维进一步织造成为空气净化滤材的方案。本发明制备得到的产品具有正电荷表面静电,除了用于一般空气颗粒污染物的净化外,还可用于空气中含有大量负离子物质的环境中,过滤带负电荷的颗粒污染物,吸附效果更好。(The invention discloses a filter material for filtering and purifying air particle pollutants, which is prepared by blending chitin fibers and non-woven fabric fibers with surface positive charge modified. According to the invention, common non-woven fabric fibers are subjected to surface positive charge modification treatment and then blended with chitin fibers, and the obtained mixed fibers are further woven into the air purification filter material. The product prepared by the invention has positive charge surface static electricity, can be used for purifying common air particle pollutants and also can be used in the environment containing a large amount of negative ion substances in the air, and the adsorption effect is better when the particle pollutants with negative charges are filtered.)

1. The blended filter material for purifying air particle pollutants is characterized by being prepared by blending, rolling and blending 15-75 mass% of chitin fibers and 25-85 mass% of non-woven fabric fibers subjected to surface positive charge modification.

2. The blended filter material for purifying air particle pollutants as claimed in claim 1, wherein the diameter of the chitin fiber is 0.2-100 microns.

3. The blended filter material for purifying air particle pollutants as claimed in claim 1, wherein the non-woven fabric fiber modified by positive charges on the surface is obtained by modifying the non-woven fabric fiber by a solution dip-dyeing method, and the specific operations are as follows:

1) taking a cationic surfactant, and preparing a cationic modifier solution with the mass percentage concentration of 0.5-40%;

2) soaking the non-woven fabric fibers in the cationic modifier solution obtained in the step 1) for 0.5-12 hours, and then drying at the temperature of 50-200 ℃ to obtain the non-woven fabric fibers with surface positive charge modification.

4. The blended filter material for purifying air particle pollutants as claimed in claim 3, wherein the cationic surfactant is one or more of acrylamide, amine salt type cationic surfactant, quaternary ammonium salt type cationic surfactant, heterocyclic type cationic surfactant and xanthate type cationic surfactant.

5. The blended filter material for purifying air particle pollutants as claimed in any one of claims 1, 3 and 4, wherein the non-woven fabric fiber is one of polyester fiber, polypropylene fiber, nylon fiber, spandex fiber, acrylic fiber and polylactic acid fiber;

the diameter of the non-woven fabric fiber is 0.2-100 microns.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of environment-friendly materials, in particular to a filter material for filtering and purifying air particle pollutants, which is prepared by blending chitin fibers and non-woven fabric fibers modified by surface positive charges.

Background

Along with the enhancement of environmental protection and health consciousness of people in recent years, the demand for the protection of inhalable particle pollutants in the air, namely haze prevention products, is increasingly vigorous. The filter cloth, filter screen and the like manufactured by taking the fiber with high static electricity and high adsorption performance as the raw material are one of the mainstream technical schemes for air purification at present, and almost all feasible physical adsorption purification products in the market adopt the static filter cloth scheme, such as Chinese patent CN204261474U and the like, wherein polypropylene (PP) non-woven fabric is taken as the representative, and the filter cloth, the filter screen and the like become mainstream materials adopted in the static fiber adsorption scheme due to the characteristics of low cost, easy processing and excellent static performance.

On the other hand, although different polymer materials have different electrostatic properties, most polymer materials are naturally negatively charged, which also results in that the fiber materials currently used for purifying air particle pollutants are all negatively charged fibers, although for neutral pollution particles, both positive and negative charges can achieve the electrostatic adsorption effect, and the performance has no difference, but in some use environments, such as an atmosphere containing a large amount of negative ion substances in the air, the positively charged fiber filter material has a better adsorption effect than the traditional negatively charged fibers.

Chitin fibers are natural polymer fibers extracted from shells of shrimps, crabs and the like, and are widely concerned in scientific research and industry in recent years. Although the chitin fiber has been successfully applied in the fields of biological medicine, antibacterial and deodorant, etc., such as antibacterial and deodorant cashmere composite fiber disclosed in chinese patent CN105040144A, it is rarely reported that the chitin fiber is applied to the purification and filtration of air particle pollutants, such as PM10, PM2.5, etc., for example, an indoor air purification and elimination coating disclosed in chinese patent CN106311172A uses chitin fiber as one of the raw materials, and a multifunctional material bag for deodorizing, sterilizing, purifying and health care is disclosed in chinese patent CN204505977U, and a chitin fiber layer is also used for partial air purification. In addition, conventional air purification products such as filter cloth, filter screens, anti-haze masks, air purifier filter elements and the like are not directly reported to adopt chitin fibers.

The main reasons that the chitin fiber cannot be effectively applied to the field of air purification at present are two, firstly, the preparation of the fiber is more complex than that of a common polymer fiber, and the cost is higher; secondly, the pure chitin fiber has poorer processability and mechanical properties than the traditional polymer fiber, and devices such as non-woven fabrics woven by the pure chitin fiber are difficult to prepare and use and have poor durability. If the scheme of blending with other fibers is adopted, positive and negative charges are offset, and the fibers with different polarities attract each other, so that the adsorption effect is weakened, and the air purification application design purpose is not met.

Therefore, the research on a filter material prepared by blending chitin fibers and non-woven fabric fibers modified by surface positive charges and used for filtering and purifying air particle pollutants is a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently by technical personnel in the field.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention provides a scheme for further weaving the mixed fiber obtained by performing surface positive charge modification treatment on the commercial high non-woven fabric fiber and then blending with the chitin fiber to obtain the air purification filter material.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the blended filter material for purifying air particle pollutants is prepared by blending, rolling and blending 15-75% by mass of chitin fibers and 25-85% by mass of non-woven fabric fibers subjected to surface positive charge modification according to a common process.

Further, the diameter of the chitin fiber is 0.2-100 microns.

Adopt above-mentioned further beneficial effect to lie in: experiments prove that the chitin fiber with the diameter of 0.2-100 microns is within the reasonable diameter size range of the chitin fiber, the chitin fiber with the diameter of less than 0.2 microns is too thin and difficult to process, the chitin fiber with the diameter of more than 100 microns has insufficient mechanical strength, too thick fiber, insufficient specific surface area and poor adsorption performance.

Further, the non-woven fabric fiber subjected to surface positive charge modification is obtained by modifying the non-woven fabric fiber by a solution dip dyeing method, and the specific operation is as follows:

1) taking a cationic surfactant, and preparing a cationic modifier solution with the mass percentage concentration of 0.5-40%;

2) soaking the non-woven fabric fibers in the cationic modifier aqueous solution obtained in the step 1) for 0.5-12 hours, and then drying at 50-200 ℃ to obtain the non-woven fabric fibers with surface positive charge modification.

Further, the cationic surfactant is one or more of acrylamide, amine salt type cationic surfactant, quaternary ammonium salt type cationic surfactant, heterocyclic type cationic surfactant and xanthate type cationic surfactant.

Adopt above-mentioned further beneficial effect to lie in: the modification of the cationic surfactant is a key step of enabling the surface of the fiber to have positive charges in the technical invention, and different cationic surfactants have great weather resistance difference to different environments, so that different types of cationic surfactants should be reasonably selected according to different use environments and purification targets to obtain better effects and improve the stability of the material.

Further, the non-woven fabric fiber is one of polyester fiber, polypropylene fiber, nylon fiber, spandex fiber, acrylic fiber and polylactic acid fiber; the diameter of the non-woven fabric is 0.2-100 microns.

Adopt above-mentioned further beneficial effect to lie in: the fiber base materials can become filter fibers with positive charges on the surfaces after being subjected to surface modification by the cationic active agent, but the processing, the performance and the use environment of different fibers are greatly different, so that different types of fiber base materials are reasonably selected according to different use environments and purification targets to obtain better effects and improve the stability of the material; experiments prove that the diameter of 0.2-100 microns is within the reasonable size range of the fibers, the diameter is less than 0.2 micron, the fibers are too thin and difficult to process, the mechanical strength is insufficient, the diameter is more than 100 microns, the fibers are too thick, the specific surface area is insufficient, and the adsorption performance is poor.

Compared with the non-woven fabric filter fiber in the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the chitin fiber molecular structure adopted by the invention contains unsaturated cationic groups, so that the blended filter material has a strong adsorption effect on various harmful substances with negative charges, and further has excellent antibacterial and deodorizing functions; the product prepared by the invention has positive charge surface static electricity, can be used for purifying common electrically neutral air particle pollutants, can also be used in the environment containing a large amount of negative ion substances in the air, is used for filtering negatively charged particle pollutants, has better adsorption effect, has the characteristics of biodegradability, environmental protection and no pollution, and has excellent industrialization prospect.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a SEM photograph of a product of example 1 of the present invention

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.