阅读说明：本技术 具有嵌入式传感器的机动车辆的部件 (Component of a motor vehicle with an embedded sensor ) 是由 F·克拉默 S·奎林 A·缇松塔 B·米勒 J·梅林 K·L·M·吉费尔 C·韦伯 于 2019-07-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本申请题为“具有嵌入式传感器的机动车辆的部件”。提供一种用于机动车辆且尤其用于内燃发动机的部件,其包括多层材料结构和传感器,其中传感器被集成到材料结构中。此外,提供一种用于产生该部件的方法。(The present application is entitled "component of a motor vehicle with an embedded sensor". A component for a motor vehicle, in particular for an internal combustion engine, is provided, comprising a multilayer material structure and a sensor, wherein the sensor is integrated into the material structure. Furthermore, a method for producing the component is provided.)

1. A component (3) of a motor vehicle, comprising a multilayer material structure and a sensor (4,5), wherein the sensor (4,5) is integrated into the material structure.

2. The component (3) according to claim 1, produced by an additive process.

3. Component (3) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the sensors (4,5) are bonded to at least two material layers.

4. Component (3) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the sensors (4,5) are integrated into two electrically insulating layers.

5. Component (3) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the sensor (4,5) is printed in the material of the component.

6. The component (3) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the sensor (4,5) is a temperature sensor (4, 5).

7. The component (3) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the component is a component of an internal combustion engine (1).

8. The component (3) according to claim 7, wherein the component is a cylinder head (3).

9. A motor vehicle having a component as claimed in any one of the preceding claims.

10. A method for producing a component according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:

a construction platform is provided, and the construction platform,

applying a layer of powdered material to the build platform,

the powder material is melted by the action of the high energy beam,

the construction platform is lowered down and the construction platform is lowered,

wherein the steps of applying the layer and melting the powder material and lowering the build platform are repeated a number of times necessary to complete the part, and

wherein the sensors (4,5) covered by the next layer are arranged on a specific layer.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a component of a motor vehicle, comprising a multilayer material structure and a sensor integrated in the material structure.

Background

Components of motor vehicles are often subjected to high temperatures, in particular in the region of internal combustion engines. The temperature may be detected by a sensor to monitor the function of the internal combustion engine. However, a correct measurement of the temperature of the component is complicated, since it has to be ensured that there is a good contact between the component and the temperature measuring unit. In most cases, thermocouples are used only to measure temperature. For this purpose, a suitable bore is introduced into the component, which bore accommodates the thermocouple, and the tip of the thermocouple with the actual measuring unit leads to the location of the component at which the temperature is to be determined. To assist the thermal contact, thermocouples are additionally used with, for example, thermally conductive pastes or oils. However, it is therefore not ensured that the wall of the component is also in full contact in practice. Due to the linear bore to be introduced, it is often not possible to reach the location in the component that is subjected to the highest thermal strain. It is therefore an object to improve the temperature measurement in thermally strained components.

Disclosure of Invention

This object is achieved by means of a component having the features of the preferred embodiment. Other advantageous embodiments and designs of the invention result from the alternative embodiments, the figures and the exemplary embodiments. The embodiments of the invention can advantageously be combined with each other.

A first aspect of the invention relates to a component of a motor vehicle, comprising a multilayer material structure and a sensor, wherein the sensor is integrated in the material structure.

The component according to the invention is advantageous because it enables a secure structural contact of the sensor. Furthermore, there is complete freedom in the choice of measurement positions and the number of measurement positions. This makes it possible to arrange a plurality of measuring points in a very small installation space; a measurement grid can thus advantageously be applied, which enables planar measurements. Furthermore, the shape and function of the component is completely maintained without being affected by the notch effect or cross-sectional weakening of the bore.

The component is preferably produced by an additive process. Materials made of different materials can advantageously be joined to each other using this method. In particular, the conductive layers can thus be separated from one another by suitable insulating layers, thereby making it possible to transmit the measurement signal to the outside. Thus, the sensor is preferably bonded to at least two material layers. The sensor is particularly preferably integrated into the two electrically insulating layers. In other words, the sensor is arranged between the two layers and simultaneously bonded to them.

The sensors are preferably printed in the wall of the component. Since the sensor is integrated directly into the material structure, there is ideal contact between the measuring unit and the component. Accurate measurements, in particular of the temperature, can thus be made. It is therefore particularly preferred that the sensor is a temperature sensor. A safer structural contact for correct temperature measurement is provided in the component according to the invention.

The component according to the invention may be any component of a motor vehicle which does not move relative to other components. In this case, the invention relates to all structural elements of motor vehicles which can be produced additively, in particular those for which temperature measurement is problematic. The component according to the invention is preferably a component of an internal combustion engine. This is advantageous because parts of the internal combustion engine are naturally subjected to high thermal strains. The component is particularly preferably a cylinder head. The cylinder head is subjected to high temperatures and at the same time has regions, some of which are highly thermally strained and generally inaccessible.

A second aspect of the invention relates to a motor vehicle having a component according to the invention.

A third aspect of the invention relates to a method for producing a component according to the invention, comprising the steps of:

-providing a construction platform,

-applying a layer of powdered material to a build platform,

melting the powder material by the action of the high-energy beam,

-lowering the build platform,

wherein the steps of applying the layer and melting the powdered material and lowering the build platform are repeated by the number required to complete the part, and

wherein the sensors covered by the next layer are arranged on a specific layer.

The advantages of the method according to the invention correspond to the advantages of the component according to the invention. The additive manufacturing method is particularly suitable for producing a component according to the invention, since in this case the sensor may be imprinted at any arbitrary position of the component. It is clear that in the repeated steps the powdered material is no longer applied directly on the building platform, but on the existing structure of the part to be produced.

The described method corresponds for example to selective laser melting. Alternative techniques are selective laser sintering and laser build-up welding. The high-energy beam is in particular a laser beam generated by a laser radiator or an electron beam generated by a corresponding radiator. Multiple radiators may also be used.

Drawings

The invention will be explained in more detail on the basis of the drawings. In the drawings:

fig. 1 shows a cross section of a cylinder with a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine with a sensor.

Fig. 2 shows a flow chart of an embodiment of the method according to the invention.

Detailed Description

One embodiment of an internal combustion engine 1 with a cylinder 2 and a cylinder head 3 is shown in fig. 1, wherein a first temperature sensor 4 and a second temperature sensor 5 are arranged in the cylinder head 3 according to the invention.

The cylinder 2 comprises a combustion chamber 7 enclosed by cylinder walls 6, wherein a piston 8 moves from bottom dead center to top dead center and vice versa. The piston 8 is connected to a crankshaft 10 via a connecting rod 9, by means of which crankshaft 10 the linear movement of the piston 8 is converted into a rotational movement. The cylinder 2 is typically provided with a cooling unit (not shown). The internal combustion engine 1 generally has a plurality of cylinders 2.

The cylinder head 3 terminates the cylinder 2 at the top. The cylinder head 3 has an inlet gas duct 11 for fuel or a fuel-air mixture, which is led into the combustion chamber. The inlet gas duct 11 is opened and closed by an inlet damper 12. The corresponding position of the inlet valve 12 is achieved by an inlet camshaft 13.

The cylinder head 3 has an outlet gas duct 14 through which exhaust gases formed during combustion of the fuel escape from the combustion chamber. The outlet air duct 14 is opened and closed by an outlet damper 15. The corresponding position of the outlet valve 15 is achieved by an outlet camshaft 16.

A cylinder head seal 17 is arranged between the cylinder head and the cylinder 2. Furthermore, a spark plug 18 is arranged in the cylinder head, wherein the internal combustion engine 1 shown is an external-ignition internal combustion engine. Alternatively, if the internal combustion engine 2 is a self-igniting internal combustion engine, an injection nozzle may be arranged. The cylinder head 3 may have oil pipes for lubrication and/or coolant pipes for cooling the cylinder head. The cylinder head 3 first has a light metal alloy as a material.

The material of the cylinder head 3 is subjected to high thermal strain. Two temperature sensors 4,5 are embedded in the cylinder head 3 for measuring the temperature. The first temperature sensor 4 is arranged on a surface of the cylinder head 3 facing the combustion chamber 7. A wire 41 embedded in the material of the cylinder head 3 leads from the first temperature sensor 4 to a control unit (not shown) outside the cylinder head 3. The second temperature sensor 5 is embedded directly in the material of the cylinder head 3, so that it can record the temperature in the material. A wire 51, also embedded in the material of the cylinder head 3, leads from the second temperature sensor 5 to the control unit outside the cylinder head 3. Of course, a greater number than the two temperature sensors 4,5 can be arranged in the region of the cylinder head 3.

Wires 41 and 51 embedded in the material of the cylinder head 3 from the temperature sensors 4 and 5, respectively, to the control unit are arranged in the cylinder head 3 between two layers of insulating material. The insulating material layer is different from the material constituting most of the cylinder head 3.

In the method for producing a cylinder head 3 according to the present invention, a build platform is provided in a first step S1. The build platform is located in the build chamber, wherein a unit for applying the powder material, a unit for dispensing the powder material and a unit for melting the powder material are also provided. A nitrogen or noble gas atmosphere is provided in the build chamber to avoid air inclusions in the material.

In a second step S2, a layer of powder material is applied to the build platform and distributed, which layer of powder material will at least partially constitute the cylinder head 3 to be manufactured. Of course, in this case only the first layer of powder material is applied directly to the build platform. During the repetition of step S2, further sheet layers are applied to the already provided layers and distributed.

In a third step S3, the powdered material is melted by the action of the laser beam at the location where the desired structure is to be created. In this case, the newly added material fuses with the underlying material. In this case, the laser is computer controlled to melt the applied material only at specific locations according to the predetermined shape of the cylinder head 3.

In a fourth step S4, the build platform is lowered. Steps S2 to S4 are repeated until the component 3 is completed.

At a specific location, in step S3, a first layer made of electrically insulating material in powder form is applied, instead of the metallic material (it is envisaged that the cylinder head 3 is mainly constituted by it). The material is then also melted. Thermal sensors 4,5 and corresponding wires 41 and 51, respectively, from the sensors to a control unit outside the cylinder head 3 to be produced, are arranged on this first insulating layer. As described for the first layer, a second layer made of an electrically insulating material is applied to the first layer and the sensor. The powder material (which is supposed to constitute mainly the cylinder head 3) is then applied to this layer.

In an alternative embodiment of the method, the powder material may also be intentionally applied to the location where the structure is to be created, without the need to distribute the material over a large area. For this purpose, corresponding units may be provided in the construction chamber.

List of reference numerals

1 internal combustion engine

2 cylinder

3 Cylinder cover

4 first temperature sensor

41 lines from a first temperature sensor

5 second temperature sensor

51 wire from a second temperature sensor

6 cylinder wall

7 combustion chamber

8 piston

9 connecting rod

10 crankshaft

11 inlet air flue

12 inlet valve

13 inlet camshaft

14 outlet air passage

15 outlet valve

16 outlet camshaft

17 Cylinder head seal

18 spark plug