Temperature control heat preservation circuit based on water and ice conductivity difference
阅读说明：本技术 一种基于水与冰电导率差异的温控保温电路 (Temperature control heat preservation circuit based on water and ice conductivity difference ) 是由 崔丽琴 杜超 邓霄 张丽 程鹏 贾斌 田鹏 秦建敏 于 2019-10-31 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开一种基于水与冰电导率差异的温控保温电路,包括直流稳压电源电路,比较器电路,输出电路。在比较器电路正向端接入一个长度为50毫米,内径为10毫米,外径为12毫米的聚碳酸酯管,并将其两端通过密封盖密封。管内装8/9体积的水,密封盖底端平行于管截面方向固定两个直径为10毫米的圆形薄铜片电级,并通过导线将两个铜电极分别接入温控保温电路。当管内介质状态为水或冰时,由于两种介质的电导率差异导致比较器输出端输出不同的电平。从而影响输出电路中加热片是否工作,达到温控保温的目的。本发明适用于冬季低温环境下仪器仪表的保温。(The invention discloses a temperature control and heat preservation circuit based on the difference of the conductivities of water and ice. A polycarbonate tube having a length of 50mm, an inner diameter of 10mm and an outer diameter of 12mm was inserted into the forward end of the comparator circuit, and both ends thereof were sealed by sealing caps. 8/9-volume water is filled in the tube, two round thin copper sheet electrodes with the diameter of 10mm are fixed at the bottom end of the sealing cover in parallel to the section direction of the tube, and the two copper electrodes are respectively connected into a temperature control heat preservation circuit through leads. When the medium in the pipe is in a water or ice state, the output end of the comparator outputs different levels due to the difference of the conductivity of the two media. Thereby influencing whether a heating piece in the output circuit works or not and achieving the purpose of temperature control and heat preservation. The invention is suitable for heat preservation of instruments and meters in low-temperature environments in winter.)
1. A temperature control and heat preservation circuit based on the conductivity difference between water and ice is characterized by comprising a direct current stabilized voltage supply circuit, a comparator circuit and an output circuit;
the direct-current stabilized power supply circuit comprises a direct-current stabilized chip U1, a capacitor C1, a capacitor C2, an inductor L1, a Schottky diode D1, a short-circuit cap JP1, a resistor R1 and a light-emitting diode D2; the 1 st pin of a direct current voltage stabilizing chip U1 is connected with the positive electrode of a 12V storage battery power supply and the positive electrode of a capacitor C1, the 2 nd pin of a direct current voltage stabilizing chip U1 is connected with one end of an inductor L1 and the common end of a Schottky diode D1, and the 4 th pin of a direct current voltage stabilizing chip U1 is connected with the other end of an inductor L1, the positive electrode of a capacitor C2 and the common end of the 1 st pin of a short circuit cap JP 1; the 2 nd pin of the short circuit cap JP1 is connected with one end of a resistor R1, and the other end of R1 is connected with the anode of a light-emitting diode D2; the negative electrode of the capacitor C1, the positive electrode of the Schottky diode D1, the negative electrode of the capacitor C2 and the negative electrode of the light-emitting diode D2 are connected with the 3 rd pin of the direct-current voltage stabilizing chip U1 and then grounded; the 5 th pin of the direct current voltage stabilizing chip U1 is suspended;
the comparator circuit comprises a comparator U2, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a resistor R4, a resistor R5 and an equivalent resistor RX of water or ice in the polycarbonate tube; after voltage conversion of a direct current voltage stabilizing chip U1, a common end of an inductor L1 and a capacitor C2 outputs 5V voltage VCC, the VCC is short-circuited by a short-circuit cap JP1 to provide power for a comparator circuit and an output circuit, and is connected with common ends of a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a resistor R5 and an 8 th pin of the comparator U2; the 2 nd pin of the comparator U2 is connected with the common end of the resistor R3 and the resistor R4; the 3 rd pin of the comparator U2 is connected with the common end of the resistor R2 and the equivalent resistor RX of water or ice in the polycarbonate tube; the other end of the equivalent resistor RX and the other end of the resistor R4 are grounded with the 4 th pin of the comparator U2;
the output circuit comprises a photoelectric coupler U3, a heating plate J1, a light-emitting diode D3, a resistor R6 and a short-circuit cap JP 2; the 1 st pin of the photoelectric coupler U3 is connected with the 1 st pin of the comparator U2 and the common end of the resistor R5; a 5 th pin of the photoelectric coupler U3 is connected with the common end of the heating plate J1 and the negative electrode of the light-emitting diode D3; the anode of the light emitting diode D3 is connected with one end of a resistor R6, the other end of the resistor R6 is connected with the 2 nd pin of a short circuit cap JP2, and the 1 st pin of the short circuit cap JP2 is connected with the other end of a hot plate J1 and then is connected with the 2 nd pin of a short circuit cap JP 1; the 2 nd pin and the 4 th pin of the photoelectric coupler U3 are grounded after being connected;
the model of the photoelectric coupler U3 is 4N 32.
2. The temperature-controlled thermal circuit based on the difference in conductivity between water and ice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the equivalent resistance RX of water or ice is a polycarbonate tube having a length of 50mm, an inner diameter of 10mm and an outer diameter of 12mm, both ends of which are sealed by sealing caps; 8/9-volume water is filled in the tube, two round thin copper sheet electrodes with the diameter of 10mm are fixed at the bottom end of the sealing cover parallel to the cross section direction of the tube, and the two copper electrodes are respectively connected to the positive end of the temperature control heat preservation circuit through leads.
3. The temperature-controlled thermal insulation circuit based on the difference between the conductivities of water and ice as claimed in claim 2, wherein when the medium state in the polycarbonate tube is water, the voltage obtained by the positive end of the comparator U2 is lower than that obtained by the negative end, the output end of the comparator U2 outputs low level, and the output circuit does not work; when the medium in the pipe is frozen along with the temperature reduction, the voltage obtained by the positive end of the comparator U2 is higher than the negative end, the output end of the comparator U2 outputs high level, the output circuit starts to work, the heating sheet J1 continuously heats, the ice in the pipe melts gradually until the input voltage of the positive end of the comparator U2 is lower than the input voltage of the negative end, the output circuit stops working again, the environment temperature of the whole circuit is improved, and the operation is repeated in this way, so that the normal operation of the electronic circuit is ensured.
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of circuit design, and particularly relates to a temperature control and heat preservation circuit based on the conductivity difference between water and ice.
Background
The stable transmission of signals is the premise of normal work of an automatic instrument, the temperature in high latitude areas in winter in China is continuously reduced, when the ambient temperature is reduced to exceed the normal working range of the instrument, the inaccurate transmission of the signals is easily caused, and the accuracy of measurement and display of the instrument is directly influenced. Therefore, the anti-freezing work of the instruments is well done, and the anti-freezing work is very important for the normal work of the instruments.
The heat preservation technologies adopted in the field of automation at present are mainly divided into three categories: firstly, keep warm through insulation material, pack the position that the instrument and meter is apt to freeze or is afraid of to freeze with insulation material promptly. The heat insulation material has the defects that the heat insulation material is easy to damage along with the reduction of temperature, has limited heat insulation effect, needs to be replaced frequently, and causes inconvenience to workers. The second is a steam heating measure, namely heat preservation by using a steam heating pipe, which is commonly used for heat preservation of indoor instruments and equipment. Thirdly, an electric heating measure is adopted, and heat preservation is realized by heating the inside of the instrument. The common method comprises the steps of utilizing an incubator to preserve heat and utilizing an electric heating belt to heat and preserve heat, wherein the most common mode in practical engineering application is to utilize the incubator to preserve heat, the incubator needs 220V power supply for heat preservation, and certain limitation is caused to instrument equipment without 220V power supply in the field; the heating belt is used for heating and heat preservation, after the internal environment temperature of the instrument is measured, the heating belt is started to heat according to the set upper and lower temperature limit values to realize heat preservation, and the power consumption of the device is high.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the existing heat preservation technology, the invention provides the temperature control heat preservation circuit which determines whether to start the heating function according to different states of water at different temperatures, and is suitable for heat preservation of instruments and meters in a low-temperature environment.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a temperature control and heat preservation circuit based on the difference of the conductivities of water and ice comprises a direct-current stabilized voltage power supply circuit, a comparator circuit and an output circuit.
The direct-current stabilized power supply circuit comprises a direct-current stabilized chip U1, a capacitor C1, a capacitor C2, an inductor L1, a Schottky diode D1, a short-circuit cap JP1, a resistor R1 and a light-emitting diode D2; the 1 st pin of a direct current voltage stabilizing chip U1 is connected with the positive electrode of a 12V storage battery power supply and the positive electrode of a capacitor C1, the 2 nd pin of a direct current voltage stabilizing chip U1 is connected with one end of an inductor L1 and the common end of a Schottky diode D1, and the 4 th pin of a direct current voltage stabilizing chip U1 is connected with the other end of an inductor L1, the positive electrode of a capacitor C2 and the common end of the 1 st pin of a short
the comparator circuit comprises a comparator U2, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a resistor R4, a resistor R5 and an equivalent resistor RX of water or ice in the polycarbonate tube; after voltage conversion of a direct current voltage stabilizing chip U1, a common end of an inductor L1 and a capacitor C2 outputs 5V voltage VCC, the VCC is short-circuited by a short-circuit cap JP1 to provide power for a comparator circuit and an output circuit, and is connected with common ends of a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a resistor R5 and an 8 th pin of the comparator U2; the 2 nd pin of the comparator U2 is connected with the common end of the resistor R3 and the resistor R4; the 3 rd pin of the comparator U2 is connected with the common end of the resistor R2 and the equivalent resistor RX of water or ice in the polycarbonate tube; the other end of the equivalent resistor RX and the other end of the resistor R4 are grounded with the 4 th pin of the comparator U2;
the output circuit comprises a photoelectric coupler U3, a heating plate J1, a light-emitting diode D3, a resistor R6 and a short-circuit cap JP 2; the 1 st pin of the photoelectric coupler U3 is connected with the 1 st pin of the comparator U2 and the common end of the resistor R5; a 5 th pin of the photoelectric coupler U3 is connected with the common end of the heating plate J1 and the negative electrode of the light-emitting diode D3; the anode of the light emitting diode D3 is connected with one end of a resistor R6, the other end of the resistor R6 is connected with the 2 nd pin of a short circuit cap JP2, and the 1 st pin of the short circuit cap JP2 is connected with the other end of a hot plate J1 and then is connected with the 2 nd pin of a short
Wherein, the equivalent resistance RX of water or ice is a polycarbonate tube with the length of 50mm, the inner diameter of 10mm and the outer diameter of 12mm, and the two ends of the polycarbonate tube are sealed by sealing covers; 8/9-volume water is filled in the tube, two round thin copper sheet electrodes with the diameter of 10mm are fixed at the bottom end of the sealing cover parallel to the cross section direction of the tube, and the two copper electrodes are respectively connected to the positive end of the temperature control heat preservation circuit through leads.
When the medium state in the polycarbonate tube is water, the voltage obtained by the positive end of the comparator U2 is lower than that of the negative end, the output end of the comparator U2 outputs low level, and the output circuit does not work; when the medium in the pipe is frozen along with the temperature reduction, the voltage obtained by the positive end of the comparator U2 is higher than the negative end, the output end of the comparator U2 outputs high level, the output circuit starts to work, the heating sheet J1 continuously heats, the ice in the pipe melts gradually until the input voltage of the positive end of the comparator U2 is lower than the input voltage of the negative end, the output circuit stops working again, the environment temperature of the whole circuit is improved, and the operation is repeated in this way, so that the normal operation of the electronic circuit is ensured.
Compared with the prior art, the temperature control and heat preservation circuit based on the conductivity difference of water and ice comprises a direct-current stabilized voltage supply circuit, a comparator circuit and an output circuit, wherein the comparator circuit is internally provided with an equivalent resistance RX of water or ice in a polycarbonate tube, so that the ambient temperature of an instrument can be judged according to the state of the water in the polycarbonate tube without adding a temperature measurement module; when the solar energy heat preservation device is connected with a solar energy power supply system for power supply, heat preservation of instruments and meters can be realized in a low-temperature environment without 220V power supply in the field; the whole heat preservation circuit has low power consumption, and can ensure the long-time stable work of the heat preservation circuit; the circuit has simple structure and low cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a temperature control and thermal insulation circuit of the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in FIG. 1, the invention provides a temperature control and heat preservation circuit based on the difference of the electrical conductivity of water and ice, which comprises a direct current stabilized voltage power supply circuit, a comparator circuit and an output circuit.
The direct-current stabilized power supply circuit comprises a direct-current stabilized chip U1, a capacitor C1, a capacitor C2, an inductor L1, a Schottky diode D1, a short-circuit cap JP1, a resistor R1 and a light-emitting diode D2; the 1 st pin of a direct current voltage stabilizing chip U1 is connected with the positive electrode of a 12V storage battery power supply and the positive electrode of a capacitor C1, the 2 nd pin of a direct current voltage stabilizing chip U1 is connected with one end of an inductor L1 and the common end of a Schottky diode D1, and the 4 th pin of a direct current voltage stabilizing chip U1 is connected with the other end of an inductor L1, the positive electrode of a capacitor C2 and the common end of the 1 st pin of a short
The DC stabilized voltage supply circuit of the invention is used for providing stable working voltage for the comparator circuit and the output circuit. A solar panel is adopted in the circuit to charge a 12V storage battery. The led D2 serves as a power indicator for the comparator circuit. In the direct current stabilized power supply circuit, a capacitor C1=100 μ F, a capacitor C2=330 μ F, an inductor L1=330 μ H, and a resistor R1=1K Ω.
The comparator circuit comprises a comparator U2, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a resistor R4, a resistor R5 and an equivalent resistor RX of water or ice in the polycarbonate tube; after voltage conversion of a direct current voltage stabilizing chip U1, a common end of an inductor L1 and a capacitor C2 outputs 5V voltage VCC, the VCC is short-circuited by a short-circuit cap JP1 to provide power for a comparator circuit and an output circuit, and is connected with common ends of a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a resistor R5 and an 8 th pin of the comparator U2; the 2 nd pin of the comparator U2 is connected with the common end of the resistor R3 and the resistor R4; the 3 rd pin of the comparator U2 is connected with the common end of the resistor R2 and the equivalent resistor RX of water or ice in the polycarbonate tube; the other end of the equivalent resistor RX and the other end of the resistor R4 are grounded with the 4 th pin of the comparator U2; comparator U2 is model LM 193J.
In the comparator circuit, a resistor R2=100K Ω, a resistor R3= 1M Ω, a resistor R4= 1M Ω, and a resistor R5= 1K Ω. Resistor R5 is a pull-up resistor.
The equivalent resistance RX of water or ice is a polycarbonate tube having a length of 50mm, an inner diameter of 10mm, and an outer diameter of 12mm, both ends of which are sealed by sealing caps; 8/9-volume water is filled in the tube, two round thin copper sheet electrodes with the diameter of 10mm are fixed at the bottom end of the sealing cover parallel to the cross section direction of the tube, and the two copper electrodes are respectively connected to the positive end of the temperature control heat preservation circuit through leads. The resistance value of the resistor R2 needs to be determined according to the resistance value range of RX, and the resistance value of the equivalent resistor RX has a certain relation with the length, the size of the cross-sectional area, the size of the copper sheet electrode and the temperature of the polycarbonate tube. The length of the polycarbonate tube was selected to be 50mm, the inner diameter 10mm, the outer diameter 12mm, and the diameter of the circular foil copper electrode 10 mm.
When the medium state in the polycarbonate tube is water, the voltage obtained by the positive end of the comparator U2 is lower than that of the negative end, the output end of the comparator U2 outputs low level, and the output circuit does not work; when the medium in the pipe is frozen along with the temperature reduction, the voltage obtained by the positive end of the comparator U2 is higher than the negative end, the output end of the comparator U2 outputs high level, the output circuit starts to work, the heating sheet J1 continuously heats, the ice in the pipe melts gradually until the input voltage of the positive end of the comparator U2 is lower than the input voltage of the negative end, the output circuit stops working again, the environment temperature of the whole circuit is improved, and the operation is repeated in this way, so that the normal operation of the electronic circuit is ensured.
The output circuit comprises a photoelectric coupler U3, a heating plate J1, a light-emitting diode D3, a resistor R6 and a short-circuit cap JP 2; the 1 st pin of the photoelectric coupler U3 is connected with the 1 st pin of the comparator U2 and the common end of the resistor R5; a 5 th pin of the photoelectric coupler U3 is connected with the common end of the heating plate J1 and the negative electrode of the light-emitting diode D3; the anode of the light emitting diode D3 is connected with one end of a resistor R6, the other end of the resistor R6 is connected with the 2 nd pin of a short circuit cap JP2, and the 1 st pin of the short circuit cap JP2 is connected with the other end of a hot plate J1 and then is connected with the 2 nd pin of a short
Whether the heating piece J1 in the output circuit generates heat is determined by the resistance of the resistor RX in the comparator circuit. The light emitting diode D3 is used as an indicator light for whether the heater chip J1 generates heat, and the resistor R6=1K Ω.
It should be noted that, when the circuit is reused for heat preservation, the heat preservation material is needed to be used for simple heat preservation outside the instrument. The purpose of doing so is in order to slow down the inside heat exchange rate with the external environment of instrument and meter, reaches more ideal heat preservation effect.
Compared with the prior art, the temperature control and heat preservation circuit based on the conductivity difference of water and ice comprises a direct-current stabilized voltage supply circuit, a comparator circuit and an output circuit, wherein the comparator circuit is internally provided with an equivalent resistance RX of water or ice in a polycarbonate tube, so that the ambient temperature of an instrument can be judged according to the state of the water in the polycarbonate tube without adding a temperature measurement module; when the solar energy heat preservation device is connected with a solar energy power supply system for power supply, heat preservation of instruments and meters can be realized in a low-temperature environment without 220V power supply in the field; the whole heat preservation circuit has low power consumption, and can ensure the long-time stable work of the heat preservation circuit; the circuit has simple structure and low cost.
The invention is not described in detail and is within the knowledge of a person skilled in the art.
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