阅读说明：本技术 带有横向预应力弹性支撑件的铁路扣件系统及安装方法 (Railway fastener system with transverse prestressed elastic support and installation method ) 是由 何萍 杨秀仁 吴建忠 贺建峰 张莉娟 于 2019-10-10 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种带有横向预应力弹性支撑件的铁路扣件系统及安装方法,用于将钢轨固定在轨枕上,包括扣压支撑座和预应力弹性元件,所述轨枕上位于钢轨的一侧或两侧设置有侧向止挡部,所述扣压支撑座和预应力弹性元件设置在钢轨与止挡部之间,所述扣压支撑座抵在钢轨底部的侧面,所述预应力弹性元件抵在扣压支撑座与止挡部之间；在侧向止挡部与扣压支撑座之间设置具有预紧力的弹性支撑件,使得扣压支撑座保持与钢轨轨底侧面的抵紧,从而消除因生产或装配误差产生的横向间隙,防止或降低钢轨横向振动或移动,显著减少或消除因钢轨和扣件横向移动产生的钢轨顶面波磨、振动和噪声,提高钢轨和扣件的使用寿命,提高乘客乘坐的舒适感,降低维护成本。(The invention provides a railway fastener system with a transverse prestressed elastic support and an installation method, which are used for fixing a steel rail on a sleeper and comprise a buckling and pressing support seat and a prestressed elastic element, wherein one side or two sides of the steel rail on the sleeper are provided with lateral stopping parts; set up the elastic support piece who has the pretightning force between side direction backstop portion and withhold the supporting seat for withhold the supporting seat and keep supporting tightly with rail bottom side, thereby eliminate the transverse gap because of production or assembly error produce, prevent or reduce rail transverse vibration or removal, show to reduce or eliminate the rail top surface ripples that produces because of rail and fastener transverse movement, vibration and noise, improve the life of rail and fastener, improve the comfort that the passenger took, reduce the maintenance cost.)

1. A railway fastener system with transverse prestressed resilient supports for securing a rail to a tie, characterized by: the sleeper is characterized by comprising a buckling and pressing support seat and an elastic support, wherein lateral stopping parts are arranged on one side or two sides of a steel rail on the sleeper, the buckling and pressing support seat and the elastic support are arranged between the steel rail and the lateral stopping parts, the buckling and pressing support seat abuts against the side face of the bottom of the steel rail, and the elastic support abuts against between the buckling and pressing support seat and the lateral stopping parts;

wherein the elastic support is a pre-stressed elastic element comprising:

an elastic body which is an elastic element capable of being compressed and deformed and generates counter-compression resistance when being compressed;

the constraint body is used for preventing the elastic body from recovering and keeping the elastic body in a specified compression state;

a releasing member for releasing the elastic body from being restrained by the restraining body;

the elastic body is compressed to a specified state in advance and is kept in the specified state by the constraint body, and when the constraint of the elastic body is released, the elastic body has a recovered movement tendency.

2. A railway fastener system with transverse prestressed resilient supports as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the sleeper has a shoulder forming the lateral stop; or, install the iron tie plate on the sleeper, the both ends along sleeper length direction on the iron tie plate are provided with the bulge, and this bulge forms side direction backstop portion.

3. A railway fastener system with transverse prestressed resilient supports as claimed in claim 2, wherein: and a rail lower base plate is arranged between the bottom surface of the steel rail and the sleeper or between the bottom surface of the steel rail and the iron base plate, and is a prestressed elastic element, a rubber plate or a polyurethane plate.

4. A railway fastener system with transverse prestressed resilient supports as claimed in claim 3, wherein: an elastic supporting base plate is arranged between the bottom surface of the iron base plate and the upper surface of the sleeper and is a prestressed elastic element, a rubber plate or a polyurethane plate.

5. A railway fastener system with transverse prestressed resilient supports as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the iron tie plate is installed on the sleeper through anchor bolt and elastic washer, anchor bolt stretches into in the sleeper after passing elastic washer and iron tie plate to it is fixed with the sleeper, elastic washer supports between anchor bolt's head and iron tie plate, just elastic washer is prestressing force elastic element.

6. A railway fastener system with transverse prestressed resilient supports as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the railway fastener system is an elastic strip fastener and comprises an elastic strip and a gauge baffle, and the gauge baffle is a buckling support seat; the upper surface of the sleeper is provided with a rail bearing groove, the steel rail and the gauge baffle are arranged in the rail bearing groove, and the elastic strip is pressed on the steel rail and the gauge baffle through a fastening piece.

7. A railway fastener system with transverse prestressed resilient supports as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the railway fastener system is a floating rail fastener and comprises a mounting seat and an elastic block, the mounting seat forms the buckling supporting seat, and the elastic block is mounted on the mounting seat and abuts against the waist part and the lower jaw part of the rail head; the elastic block is a prestressed elastic element, a rubber base plate or a polyurethane plate.

8. A railway fastener system with transverse prestressed resilient supports as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the mounting seat and the elastic support piece are connected with the protruding part of the iron backing plate through the first connecting piece to limit the mounting seat and the elastic support piece to move in the direction perpendicular to the sleeper, and the elastic block is fixed on the mounting seat through the fixed seat and the second connecting piece.

9. A railway fastener system with transverse prestressed resilient supports as claimed in claim 8, wherein: an adjusting sheet is arranged between the elastic supporting piece and the lateral stopping part and/or between the fixed seat and the mounting seat.

10. A railway fastener system with transverse prestressed resilient supports as claimed in claim 9, wherein: the iron base plate is provided with the locating hole that is used for installing the backstop round pin on the face that lies in the mount pad back of the body from the rail, and the position of locating hole is configured into, and when the vertical inserting locating hole of backstop round pin, the backstop round pin fender is in the mount pad back of the body from the one side of rail, and the restriction mount pad removes towards the direction that deviates from the rail.

11. A railway fastener system with transverse prestressed resilient supports according to any one of claims 1-10, wherein: the restraint body comprises a first restraint part and a second restraint part, and the first restraint part and the second restraint part are connected in a detachable mode or a non-detachable mode; the first and second restraining members press against opposite ends of an elastic body having a counter-compression resistance, the elastic body being rubber, polyurethane or a spring.

12. A railway fastener system with transverse prestressed resilient supports according to any one of claims 1-10, wherein: the releasing component is a split structure arranged on the restraint body, and the split structure is destructive split or non-destructive split; when the split structure is operated, the split structure enables one part of the constraining body to be displaced or separated relative to the other part of the constraining body so as to release the constraint of the elastic body by the constraining body.

13. A method of installing a railway fastener system having a transversely prestressed resilient support member, comprising the steps of:

s1, placing an elastic support base plate on the rail bearing surface of the sleeper;

s2, placing an iron base plate on the elastic support base plate, and fixing the iron base plate and the elastic support base plate on the sleeper through an anchor bolt and an elastic washer;

s3, mounting a rail lower backing plate on the iron backing plate, and mounting the steel rail on the rail lower backing plate;

s4, placing the mounting seat and the elastic block to enable the elastic block to abut against the waist part of the steel rail and the lower jaw part of the rail head;

s5, installing the elastic support between the mounting seat and the convex part of the iron backing plate;

and S6, removing the restraint of the restraint bodies in the pre-stressed elastic elements on the elastic body, wherein the elastic block, the elastic support piece and the elastic washer are pre-stressed elastic elements, and the elastic support base plate and the under-rail base plate are pre-stressed elastic elements, rubber plates or polyurethane plates.

14. A method of installing a railway fastener system with transverse prestressed resilient supports as claimed in claim 13, wherein:

in the step S4, the elastic block is mounted on the fixed seat, and the fixed seat and the mounting seat are pre-connected by the second bolt, wherein the elastic block, the fixed seat, the mounting seat and the second bolt are pre-assembled into one component before the track is mounted on site or are re-assembled during the track mounting;

in the step S4, a second adjustment sheet is further installed between the fixed seat and the installation seat;

in the step S5, a first adjusting sheet is further installed between the elastic support and the protruding portion of the iron backing plate;

in the step S6, after the constraint of the elastic supporting member is released, the mounting seat, the elastic supporting member and the protruding portion are tightened with each other by the first bolt;

in step S6, after the constraint of the elastic block is released, the fixing base and the mounting base are tightened with each other by the second bolt.

15. A method of installing a railway fastener system with transverse prestressed resilient supports as claimed in claim 14, wherein:

when the elastic supporting piece is replaced, a stop pin is inserted into a positioning hole in the iron base plate, so that the stop pin is blocked on one surface of the mounting seat, which is away from the steel rail, and the mounting is limited to move towards the direction away from the steel rail; then the first bolt is detached, the first adjusting sheet is taken out, finally the elastic supporting piece which releases at least part of elasticity is taken out for replacement, after a new elastic supporting piece is arranged, the first adjusting sheet and the first bolt are arranged back, after the elastic supporting piece is adjusted in place, the constraint of the elastic supporting piece is removed, and the first bolt is screwed down; after the replacement is finished, the stop pin in the positioning hole on the iron base plate is detached;

when the elastic block is replaced, the second bolt is firstly dismounted, and the second adjusting sheet is taken out; and then the elastic block or the elastic block and the fixed seat move along the length direction of the steel rail until the elastic block and the fixed seat are completely separated from the position of the mounting seat, the mounting seat does not extrude the fixed seat and the elastic block any more, so that the elastic block is taken out for replacement, a second adjusting sheet and a second bolt are installed back after a new elastic block is installed, and after the elastic block is adjusted in place, the constraint of the elastic block is removed, and the second bolt is screwed down.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of railway fastener systems, and particularly relates to a railway fastener system with a transverse prestressed elastic support and an installation method.

Background

In railway fastener systems, the prevention of lateral movement of the fastener and rail is achieved primarily by the lateral frictional resistance between the fastener parts and/or between the parts and the sleeper rail-bearing groove; due to manufacturing deviation of the sleeper and fastener parts and unavoidable errors in the installation process, when a train passes through, gaps exist in transverse assembly of the steel rail, the fasteners and the sleeper rail bearing surface, the gauge keeping capacity is low, the transverse control capacity of the fasteners is weak, and the steel rail and the fasteners move transversely; generating track ripples and noise and vibration phenomena.

In order to reduce the occurrence of geometric dimension out-of-tolerance of parts or sleeper rail bearing surfaces in the manufacturing and mounting processes, the processing precision and the mounting precision of a steel rail, a fastener and a sleeper must be improved; the elasticity of the elastic strip or the rail web nonmetal elastic supporting block is increased by selecting excellent materials or improving the processing technology level, so that the resistance to the transverse movement of the steel rail is increased or the positive pressure of the rail bottom and the rail bottom pad plate or the fastener part and the rail bearing surface of the sleeper is increased; under the condition of adopting the measures, the transverse clearance between the fastener parts and the sleeper still cannot be eliminated, so that the vibration, the noise and the corrugation phenomenon of the top surface of the steel rail cannot be eliminated or reduced; the service life of the steel rail, the fastener parts and the sleeper is greatly reduced due to abrasion, friction, impact and the like, so that the maintenance cost is obviously increased, and the passenger of the passenger car can feel comfortable when taking the passenger car.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above-identified deficiencies in the art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a railway clip system with a laterally prestressed resilient support member that reduces or eliminates lateral play between the clip and the rail and prevents lateral movement of the rail.

In order to achieve the above objects and other related objects, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

a railway fastener system with a transverse prestressed elastic support is used for fixing a steel rail on a sleeper and comprises a buckling and pressing support seat and an elastic support, wherein a lateral stopping part is arranged on one side or two sides of the steel rail on the sleeper, the buckling and pressing support seat and the elastic support are arranged between the steel rail and the lateral stopping part, the buckling and pressing support seat abuts against the side surface of the bottom of the steel rail, and the elastic support abuts against the buckling and pressing support seat and the lateral stopping part;

wherein the elastic support is a pre-stressed elastic element comprising:

an elastic body which is an elastic element capable of being compressed and deformed and generates counter-compression resistance when being compressed;

the constraint body is used for preventing the elastic body from recovering and keeping the elastic body in a specified compression state;

a releasing member for releasing the elastic body from being restrained by the restraining body;

the elastic body is compressed to a specified state in advance and is kept in the specified state by the constraint body, and when the constraint of the elastic body is released, the elastic body has a recovered movement tendency.

By adopting the structure, the elastic supporting piece with pretightening force is arranged between the lateral stopping part and the buckling supporting seat, so that the buckling supporting seat is kept to be tightly abutted against the bottom side surface of the steel rail, thereby eliminating the transverse clearance generated by production or assembly errors, preventing the steel rail from transversely moving, remarkably reducing or eliminating the corrugation, vibration and noise of the top surface of the steel rail generated by the transverse movement of the steel rail and the fastener, prolonging the service life of the steel rail and the fastener and reducing the maintenance cost; by using the elastic supporting part with the same performance and geometrical state for supporting, the consistency of transverse stress is ensured.

Optionally, the sleeper has a shoulder forming the lateral stop.

Optionally, an iron tie plate is mounted on the sleeper, and two ends of the iron tie plate in the length direction of the sleeper are provided with protrusions which form the lateral stopping portions.

Optionally, a rail lower pad is arranged between the bottom surface of the steel rail and the sleeper, and the rail lower pad is a prestressed elastic element or a rubber plate.

Optionally, a rail lower base plate is arranged between the bottom surface of the steel rail and the iron base plate, the steel rail is supported on the rail lower base plate, and the rail lower base plate is a prestressed elastic element or a rubber plate or a polyurethane plate.

Optionally, an elastic support pad is arranged between the bottom surface of the iron pad and the upper surface of the sleeper, and the elastic support pad is a prestressed elastic element or a rubber plate or a polyurethane plate.

Optionally, the iron tie plate is installed on the sleeper through an anchor bolt and an elastic washer, the anchor bolt penetrates through the elastic washer and the iron tie plate and then extends into the sleeper and is fixed with the sleeper, the elastic washer abuts against between the head of the anchor bolt and the iron tie plate, and the elastic washer is a prestress elastic element.

Optionally, the railway fastener system is an elastic strip fastener, and comprises an elastic strip and a gauge apron, wherein the gauge apron is a fastening support seat; the upper surface of the sleeper is provided with a rail bearing groove, the steel rail and the gauge baffle are arranged in the rail bearing groove, and the elastic strip is pressed on the steel rail and the gauge baffle through a fastening piece.

Optionally, the railway fastener system is a floating rail fastener, and includes a mounting seat and an elastic block, the mounting seat constitutes the fastening support seat, and the elastic block is mounted on the mounting seat and abuts against the waist and the top of the steel rail; the elastic block is a prestressed elastic element or a rubber backing plate or a polyurethane plate.

Optionally, the mounting seat and the elastic supporting member are connected with the protruding portion of the iron backing plate through a first connecting member, the mounting seat and the elastic supporting member are limited to move in a direction perpendicular to the sleeper, and the elastic block is fixed on the mounting seat through a fixing seat and a second connecting member.

Optionally, a trim tab is disposed between the elastic support and the lateral stop portion and/or between the fixing seat and the mounting seat.

Optionally, a positioning hole for installing the stop pin is arranged on one side, away from the steel rail, of the iron base plate, and the position of the positioning hole is configured to, when the stop pin is vertically inserted into the positioning hole, stop the stop pin on the side, away from the steel rail, of the mounting seat, so as to limit the mounting seat from moving in a direction away from the steel rail.

Optionally, the constraining body comprises a first constraining member and a second constraining member, the first constraining member and the second constraining member are connected in a detachable manner or in a non-detachable manner; the first and second restraining members press against opposite ends of an elastic body having a counter-compression resistance, the elastic body being rubber, polyurethane or a spring.

Optionally, the first constraint component is formed by bending the second constraint component; or the first restraining member and the second restraining member may be welded, riveted, bonded or screwed together.

Optionally, the release member is a split structure disposed on the constraining body, the split structure being destructive or non-destructive; when the split structure is operated, the split structure enables one part of the constraining body to be displaced or separated relative to the other part of the constraining body so as to release the constraint of the elastic body by the constraining body.

Optionally, the release member is a tear tab provided on the restraint body; or the releasing component is a threaded sleeve which is sleeved on the first constraint component and the second constraint component simultaneously; or the releasing part is an elastic buckle connected between the first constraint part and the second constraint part.

The invention also provides a method for installing a railway fastener system with transverse prestressed elastic supports, comprising the following steps:

s1, placing an elastic support base plate on the rail bearing surface of the sleeper;

s2, placing an iron base plate on the elastic support base plate, and fixing the iron base plate and the elastic support base plate on the sleeper through an anchor bolt and an elastic washer;

s3, mounting a rail lower backing plate on the iron backing plate, and mounting the steel rail on the rail lower backing plate;

s4, placing the mounting seat and the elastic block to enable the elastic block to abut against the waist part of the steel rail and the lower jaw part of the rail head;

s5, installing the elastic support between the mounting seat and the convex part of the iron backing plate;

and S6, removing the restraint of the restraint bodies in the pre-stressed elastic elements on the elastic body, wherein the elastic block, the elastic support piece and the elastic washer are pre-stressed elastic elements, and the elastic support base plate and the under-rail base plate are pre-stressed elastic elements, rubber plates or polyurethane plates.

Optionally, in step S4, the elastic block is mounted on the fixed seat, and the fixed seat and the mounting seat are pre-connected by the second bolt, wherein the elastic block, the fixed seat, the mounting seat and the second bolt are pre-assembled as an assembly before the track is installed on site or are re-assembled during the track installation;

in the step S4, a second adjustment sheet is further installed between the fixed seat and the installation seat;

in the step S5, a first adjusting sheet is further installed between the elastic support and the protruding portion of the iron backing plate;

in the step S6, after the constraint of the elastic supporting member is released, the mounting seat, the elastic supporting member and the protruding portion are tightened with each other by the first bolt;

in step S6, after the constraint of the elastic block is released, the fixing base and the mounting base are tightened with each other by the second bolt.

Optionally, when the elastic supporting member is replaced, a stop pin is inserted into the positioning hole in the iron base plate, so that the stop pin is blocked on one surface of the mounting seat, which is away from the steel rail, and the mounting is limited to move towards a direction away from the steel rail; then the first bolt is detached, the first adjusting sheet is taken out, finally the elastic supporting piece which releases at least part of elasticity is taken out for replacement, after a new elastic supporting piece is arranged, the first adjusting sheet and the first bolt are arranged back, after the elastic supporting piece is adjusted in place, the constraint of the elastic supporting piece is removed, and the first bolt is screwed down; after the replacement is finished, the stop pin in the positioning hole on the iron base plate is detached;

when the elastic block is replaced, the second bolt is firstly dismounted, and the second adjusting sheet is taken out; then the elastic block or the elastic block and the fixed seat move along the length direction of the steel rail until the elastic block and the fixed seat are completely separated from the position of the mounting seat, the mounting seat does not extrude the fixed seat and the elastic block any more, so that the elastic block is taken out for replacement, after a new elastic block is loaded, a second adjusting sheet and a second bolt are reloaded, after the elastic block is adjusted in place, the constraint of the elastic block is removed, and the second bolt is screwed down;

wherein, the thickness of the first adjusting sheet is slightly larger than or equal to the rebound stroke of the elastic support; the thickness of the second adjusting sheet is slightly larger than or equal to the rebound stroke of the elastic block.

As mentioned above, the beneficial effects of the invention are: set up the prestressing force elastic element who has the pretightning force between side direction backstop portion and withhold the supporting seat for withhold the supporting seat and keep supporting tightly with rail bottom side, thereby eliminate the transverse gap that produces because of production or assembly error, prevent rail lateral shifting, show to reduce or eliminate because of rail and fastener lateral shifting produced rail top surface ripples grinds, vibration and noise, improve the life of rail and fastener, reduce the maintenance cost.

The prestressed elastic element is a prefabricated integrated piece, and before use, the compressed elastic body and the restraint body are assembled together to form the integrated piece, wherein the restraint body keeps restraint on the compressed elastic body; in use, the pre-stressed elastic element is placed between the objects to be supported; then, the constraint of the elastic body is released by applying an external force to operate the releasing member, and the inherent counter-compression resistance of the elastic body acts on the two pressed objects to be assembled respectively in directions away from each other, thereby realizing looseness prevention or support shock absorption and the like between the two parts.

The prestressed elastic elements can be manufactured to be completely identical or specially manufactured to meet different elastic supporting forces or height values when products leave a factory due to the fact that the elastic supporting forces or height values and other physical characteristics of the prestressed elastic elements configured for each track node fastener are identical or specially manufactured to meet different elastic supporting forces or height values, the consistency of the elastic supporting forces or height values and other physical characteristics or specific design requirements can be achieved, and therefore the situation that the elastic forces or height values and other physical characteristics do not meet the requirements of installation accuracy during assembly is avoided or reduced. Moreover, the installation is convenient, the tightness degree of the twisting is not judged according to experience or by using a robot or a manipulator, the error generated in the installation process is avoided, and the installation technical requirement and the labor intensity are obviously reduced; the friction power consumption factor is not considered during design, the installation and debugging time is reduced, and the design, manufacture, detection, installation, maintenance and other expenses of the structural system are reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a view B-B of FIG. 3 of the present invention (in half section);

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of one embodiment of a pre-stressed elastic element of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a top view of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of one embodiment of a pre-stressed elastic element in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of one embodiment of a pre-stressed elastic element in accordance with the present invention;

fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of an iron shim plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a mount according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic structural view of a fixing base according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the structure of an elastic block according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the construction of an under-rail pad according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of the construction of an elastomeric support mat according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 15 is a schematic view of the construction of an elastomeric gasket in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 16 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 17 is a view (in half section) from C-C of FIG. 16 of the present invention.

Part number description:

100-a resilient support; 11-a first constraining member; 12-a second constraining member; 13-an elastomer; 14-a tear tab; 15-thread bushing; 200-sleeper; 201-blocking shoulder; 202-gauge apron; 203-spiral spike; 204-embedding a sleeve; 205-a spring bar; 206-rail lower tie plate; 207-elastic support pads; 301-iron shim plate; 301 a-perforation; 302-a projection; 302 a-a via; 303-a mounting seat; 303 a-threaded hole; 303 b-through holes; 304-a fixed seat; 304 a-grooves; 304 b-connection hole; 305-an elastic block; 306-a first connector; 307-a second connector; 308-a resilient gasket; 309-anchor bolts; 310-a first tab; 311-a second tab; 312-locating holes; 400-steel rail.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for illustrative purposes, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure.