阅读说明：本技术 转轴法转动惯量测量仪及其测量方法 (Rotating shaft method rotational inertia measuring instrument and measuring method thereof ) 是由 牛英煜 唐元广 于 2019-11-13 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种转轴法转动惯量测量仪及其测量方法。本发明包括圆盘形底盘与轨道,所述圆盘形底盘的圆心处垂直于盘面两侧对称固定有两个做为转轴的圆柱凸起,所述底盘正面设有用于固定待测物体的预设形状的凹槽,所述轨道为两端高、中间低的对称槽型结构,轨道规格与底盘相匹配,具体地,底盘能够在轨道凹槽内滚动,两转轴均能够搭接在轨道上,轨道上预设位置设有测量转动惯量相关参数的测量装置。本发明通过底盘在轨道上滚动,利用能量守恒原理可以测出底盘转动惯量及底盘与样品总转动惯量,进而求出待测样品转动惯量。可以有效的演示出转动惯量对物体转动速度的影响。(The invention provides a rotating inertia measuring instrument by a rotating shaft method and a measuring method thereof. The disc-shaped chassis comprises a disc-shaped chassis and a track, wherein two cylindrical protrusions serving as rotating shafts are symmetrically fixed at the circle center of the disc-shaped chassis and are perpendicular to the two sides of the disc surface, a groove in a preset shape for fixing an object to be measured is formed in the front surface of the chassis, the track is of a symmetrical groove type structure with two high ends and a low middle part, the specification of the track is matched with that of the chassis, the chassis can roll in the groove of the track, the two rotating shafts can be lapped on the track, and a measuring device for measuring relevant parameters of rotational inertia is arranged at a preset position on. According to the invention, the chassis rolls on the track, and the rotational inertia of the chassis and the total rotational inertia of the chassis and the sample can be measured by using the energy conservation principle, so that the rotational inertia of the sample to be measured is further solved. The influence of the moment of inertia on the rotational speed of the object can be effectively demonstrated.)

1. A rotary inertia measuring instrument, comprising: disc chassis and track, disc chassis's centre of a circle department perpendicular to quotation bilateral symmetry is fixed with two cylinders arch as the pivot, the chassis openly is equipped with the recess that is used for the fixed object that awaits measuring to predetermine the shape, the track is the symmetry cell type structure that both ends are high, the centre is low, track specification and chassis phase-match, specifically, the chassis can roll in the track recess, and two pivot homoenergetic overlap joints are on the track, predetermine the position on the track and are equipped with the measuring device who measures the relevant parameter of inertia.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the predetermined shape comprises a circular or rectangular groove.

3. The rotary shaft method rotational inertia measuring instrument as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein a counter bore is provided on the back of the base plate, and a magnet is embedded in the counter bore.

4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the counter bores are symmetrically distributed, and the connecting lines of the rectangular grooves pass through the center of the base plate, one pair of counter bores are distributed on the connecting line of the rectangular grooves and on two sides of the rotating shaft, and the other pair of counter bores are distributed on the straight line perpendicular to the connecting line of the rectangular grooves and passing through the rotating shaft and on two sides of the rotating shaft.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the base plate is a disk machined from aluminum alloy.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the middle section of the rail is a horizontal straight rail.

7. The apparatus of claim 1 or 6, wherein the measuring device comprises a reflective photoelectric gate disposed at the lowest position of the track, and is used for measuring the moving speed of the chassis on a horizontal straight track.

8. A rotational inertia measuring method using the rotational inertia measuring instrument according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:

s1, placing the rotating shaft of the chassis at the highest point of the track, and measuring the height h of the rotating shaft of the chassis at the moment₁；

S2, making the chassis roll freely along the track, and measuring the speed v when the chassis moves horizontally at the lowest position of the track by using a photoelectric gate₁；

S3, measuring the height h of the rotating shaft when the chassis rolls to the highest position of the track₂；

S4, respectively measuring the length l from the initial position of the chassis to the lowest position of the track₁And the length l from the lowest position to the position where the chassis rolls to the highest position₂；

S5, fixing the rigid body to be measured on the chassis, repeating the steps S1-S4, and respectively measuring the horizontal movement speed v of the chassis at the lowest position₂Rolling with the chassis to the height h of the highest position of the track₃；

S6, according to the formula:

calculating the moment of inertia J of the chassis₁The total moment of inertia J of the chassis and the rigid body to be measured can be calculated in the same way₂. The moment of inertia J of the rigid body to be measured₃Comprises the following steps:

J₃＝J₂–J₁(2)。

9. the method of claim 8, further comprising, during any of the steps prior to S6, the steps of:

s0, measuring the mass m of the chassis and the rigid body to be measured by using the balance₁And m₂(ii) a The diameter d of the rotating shaft is measured by a vernier caliper.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of teaching aids, in particular to a rotary shaft method rotational inertia measuring instrument and a measuring method thereof.

Background

The moment of inertia of a rigid body is a measure of the magnitude of the inertia of the rigid body in rotation, and the moment of inertia of the rigid body is related to the mass of the rigid body, the mass distribution of the rigid body, and the position and the orientation of a rotating shaft. For a rigid body with a regular geometric shape, the moment of inertia of the rigid body rotating around a mass center axis can be calculated by an integral formula, the moment of inertia of the rigid body rotating around any specific axis can be calculated according to a parallel axis theorem, and for a rigid body with a complex shape, an experimental method is generally adopted for measurement. At present, the physical experiment of university mainly adopts a torsion pendulum method and a three-line pendulum method to measure the moment of inertia of a rigid body. The principle adopted by the two methods has little correlation with knowledge in college physical classes, and the theoretical knowledge and the experiment of the college physical classes cannot be effectively combined, so that students cannot better understand and master the rigid body moment of inertia and the related knowledge thereof.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above-mentioned technical problems, a rotational inertia measuring apparatus and a measuring method thereof are provided. The invention can effectively demonstrate the influence of the moment of inertia on the rotating speed of the object, and is helpful for students to understand. The technical means adopted by the invention are as follows:

the utility model provides a pivot method inertia measuring apparatu, includes disc chassis and track, the centre of a circle department perpendicular to quotation bilateral symmetry on disc chassis is fixed with two cylinder archs as the pivot, the chassis openly is equipped with the recess that is used for the fixed object that awaits measuring to predetermine the shape, the track is the symmetry cell type structure that both ends are high, the centre is low, track specification and chassis phase-match, specifically, the chassis can roll in the track recess, and two pivot homoenergetic overlap joints are on the track, predetermine the position on the track and are equipped with the measuring device who measures the relevant parameter of inertia.

Further, the preset shape comprises a circular or rectangular groove.

Furthermore, a counter bore is arranged on the back of the chassis, and a magnet is embedded in the counter bore.

Furthermore, the four counter bores are symmetrically distributed, connecting lines of the rectangular grooves penetrate through the circle center of the chassis, one pair of counter bores are distributed on the connecting lines of the rectangular grooves and on two sides of the rotating shaft, and the other pair of counter bores are distributed on a straight line which is perpendicular to the connecting lines of the rectangular grooves and penetrates through the rotating shaft and on two sides of the rotating shaft.

Further, the base plate is a disc processed from aluminum alloy.

Further, the middle section of the rail is a horizontal straight rail.

Further, the measuring device comprises a reflective photoelectric door arranged at the lowest position of the track, and the reflective photoelectric door is used for measuring the moving speed of the chassis on the horizontal straight track.

The invention also provides a rotational inertia measuring method of the rotational inertia measuring instrument by the rotating shaft method, which comprises the following steps:

s1, placing the rotating shaft of the chassis at the highest point of the track, and measuring the height h of the rotating shaft of the chassis at the moment₁；

S2, making the chassis roll freely along the track, and measuring the speed v when the chassis moves horizontally at the lowest position of the track by using a photoelectric gate₁；

S3, measuring the height h of the rotating shaft when the chassis rolls to the highest position of the track₂；

S4, respectively measuring the length l from the initial position of the chassis to the lowest position of the track₁And the length l from the lowest position to the position where the chassis rolls to the highest position₂；

S5, fixing the rigid body to be measured on the chassis, repeating the steps S1-S4, and respectively measuring the horizontal movement speed v of the chassis at the lowest position₂Rolling with the chassis to the height h of the highest position of the track₃；

S6, according to the formula:

calculating the moment of inertia J of the chassis₁The total moment of inertia J of the chassis and the rigid body to be measured can be calculated in the same way₂. The moment of inertia J of the rigid body to be measured₃Comprises the following steps:

J₃＝J₂–J₁(2)。

further, in any step process before S6, the method further includes the following steps:

s0, measuring the mass m of the chassis and the rigid body to be measured by using the balance₁And m₂(ii) a The diameter d of the rotating shaft is measured by a vernier caliper.

The invention mainly comprises a chassis and a track. The chassis is composed of a metal disc with a rotating shaft. The back of the disc is embedded with a magnet, and the front of the disc is provided with a round and a rectangular groove for fixing a sample. The track is a symmetrical groove structure with two high ends and a low middle part. The chassis rolls on the track, and the rotational inertia of the chassis and the total rotational inertia of the chassis and the sample can be measured by using the energy conservation principle, so that the rotational inertia of the sample to be measured is calculated. In the measurement, the energy loss in the rolling process is obtained by measuring the position of the chassis at the highest position of the rail by using the symmetry of the rail, the result is corrected, and the accuracy of the measurement result is improved. By selecting samples with the same mass and different rotational inertia (such as circular rings with different inner and outer diameters and the same mass), the influence of the rotational inertia on the rotational speed of the object can be effectively demonstrated.

Based on the reason, the teaching aid can be widely popularized in the technical field of teaching aids.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a specific application of the rotating inertia measuring instrument by a rotating shaft method in the embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the back of the chassis according to the embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic front view of a chassis according to an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 4 is a side view of a chassis according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a track according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. a magnet counter bore; 2. a rotating shaft; 3. a chassis; 4. a groove; 5. a symmetric track; 6. a photogate.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1-5, this embodiment discloses a 2 methods of pivot inertia measuring apparatu, including disc chassis 3 and track 5, the centre of a circle department perpendicular to quotation bilateral symmetry of disc chassis 3 is fixed with two cylinder archs as pivot 2, chassis 3 openly is equipped with the recess 4 that is used for the fixed predetermined shape of the object that awaits measuring, track 5 is the symmetry groove type structure that both ends are high, the centre is low, track 5 specification and chassis 3 phase-match, specifically, chassis 3 can roll in track 5 recess 4, and two pivot 2 homoenergetic overlap joints are on track 5, and the last predetermined position of track 5 is equipped with the measuring device who measures the relevant parameter of inertia. In this embodiment, the chassis 3 is made of metal, specifically, a disc processed from aluminum alloy.

According to the different shapes of the rigid bodies to be measured, in this embodiment, the preset shape includes a circular or rectangular groove 4. In order to fasten the rigid body to be measured, in this embodiment, a counter bore 1 is arranged on the back surface of the chassis 3, and a magnet is embedded in the counter bore 1. Based on the above conditions, the counter bores 1 in this embodiment are four and symmetrically distributed, the connecting line of the rectangular groove 4 passes through the center of circle of the chassis 3, one pair of the counter bores 1 is distributed on the connecting line of the rectangular groove 4 and on two sides of the rotating shaft 2, the other pair of the counter bores 1 is distributed on the straight line which is perpendicular to the connecting line of the rectangular groove 4 and passes through the rotating shaft 2 and on two sides of the rotating shaft 2, so that the round and rectangular rigid bodies to be tested can be effectively fixed, and in other implementation modes, the positions of the counter bores 1, the fastening mode and the like can be selected according to actual conditions.

The middle section of the rail 5 is a horizontal straight rail 5. The measuring device comprises a reflective photoelectric door 6 arranged at the lowest part of the track 5 and used for measuring the moving speed of the chassis 3 on the horizontal straight track 5.

The invention also provides a rotational inertia measuring method of the rotational inertia measuring instrument by the rotating shaft 2 method, which is characterized in that a rigid body to be measured is fixed on a chassis 3 with the rotating shaft 2, and then the rotating shaft 2 is placed on a track 5, so that the chassis 3 rolls off from a high position along the track 5. The transfer inertia of the rigid body is calculated by measuring the speed of the rigid body at the lowest position of the track 5 and utilizing the energy conservation principle. The measurement results are subject to large errors due to energy losses caused by friction. In order to eliminate such errors, the rail 5 is designed to be symmetrical, and the energy loss is obtained by measuring the height of the rigid body climbing from the lowest position of the rail 5, so that the accuracy of the measurement result is improved.

The method specifically comprises the following steps:

s1, placing the rotating shaft 2 of the chassis 3 at the highest point of the track 5, and measuring the height h of the rotating shaft 2 of the chassis 3 at the moment₁；

S2, making the chassis 3 freely roll along the track 5, and measuring the speed v when it horizontally moves at the lowest position of the track 5 by the photoelectric door 6₁；

S3, measuring the height h of the rotating shaft 2 when the chassis 3 rolls to the highest position of the track 5₂Namely, when the chassis 3 rolls to the highest point and stops rolling, the position is marked artificially;

s4, respectively measuring the length l from the initial position of the chassis 3 to the lowest position of the track 5₁And a length l from the lowest position to the position where the chassis 3 rolls to the highest position₂；

S5, fixing the rigid body to be tested on the chassis 3, repeating the steps S1-S4, and respectively measuring the horizontal movement speed v of the chassis 3 at the lowest position₂Rolling with the chassis 3 to the height h of the highest point of the track 5₃；

S6, according to the formula:

determining the moment of inertia J of the chassis 3₁The total moment of inertia J between the chassis 3 and the rigid body to be measured can be calculated by the same method₂. The moment of inertia J of the rigid body to be measured₃Comprises the following steps:

J₃＝J₂–J₁(2)。

in the process of any one of the steps before S6, the method further includes the steps of:

s0, measuring the mass m of the chassis 3 and the rigid body to be measured by using the balance₁And m₂(ii) a The diameter d of the rotating shaft 2 is measured by a vernier caliper.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.