阅读说明：本技术 一种基于变角度磁集中器的斜入射式电磁声传感器 (Oblique incidence type electromagnetic acoustic sensor based on variable-angle magnetic concentrator ) 是由 刘增华 刘泽华 李佳奇 赵欣 张永琛 何存富 吴斌 于 2019-10-19 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种基于变角度磁集中器改变静磁场的斜入射式电磁声传感器,在选择兰姆波模态波长和单频激励信号的基础上,将矩形钕铁硼磁铁垂直极化在其下方加入变角度磁集中器并以此改变入射声波角度的方法,增强了传统电磁声传感器的模态控制能力。利用设计的基于变角度磁集中器改变静磁场的斜入射式电磁声传感器,可以实现对金属板结构的小尺寸缺陷检测。该传感器由矩形钕铁硼磁铁、变角度磁集中器和回折线圈组成。超声波斜入射有利于提高电磁声传感器的模态控制能力。通过扫频和声场指向性测试实验,验证了所研制的通过变角度磁集中器改变静磁场的斜入射式电磁声传感器具有较好的频率响应特性和声场指向性。(The invention discloses an oblique incidence type electromagnetic acoustic sensor for changing a static magnetic field based on a variable-angle magnetic concentrator. The designed oblique incidence type electromagnetic acoustic sensor based on the variable-angle magnetic concentrator for changing the static magnetic field can be used for detecting small-size defects of the metal plate structure. The sensor consists of a rectangular neodymium iron boron magnet, a variable angle magnetic concentrator and a folding coil. The oblique incidence of the ultrasonic wave is beneficial to improving the modal control capability of the electromagnetic acoustic sensor. Through sweep frequency and sound field directivity test experiments, the obliquely incident electromagnetic acoustic sensor which is developed and changes the static magnetic field through the variable-angle magnetic concentrator is verified to have better frequency response characteristic and sound field directivity.)

1. The utility model provides an oblique incidence formula electromagnetic acoustic sensor based on become angle magnetic concentrator which characterized in that: the flexible magnetic concentrator comprises a rectangular neodymium iron boron magnet (1) and a variable angle magnetic concentrator (2), wherein a folding coil (3) is arranged in a flexible circuit board; the rectangular neodymium iron boron magnet (1) is polarized to provide a vertical static magnetic field; the angle-variable magnetic concentrator (2) is arranged right below the rectangular neodymium-iron-boron magnet (1), and is used for concentrating and guiding a vertical static magnetic field provided by the rectangular neodymium-iron-boron magnet (1) so that the rectangular neodymium-iron-boron magnet (1) is loaded along a preset angle of the angle-variable magnetic concentrator (2); the reverse-folding coil (3) in the flexible circuit board is arranged in a skin depth layer of the metal plate (4) to induce induced eddy currents which are opposite to the current direction and are distributed periodically; the static magnetic field provided by the rectangular neodymium iron boron magnet (1) concentrated and guided by the variable-angle magnetic concentrator (2) interacts with the induced eddy current to couple out the obliquely incident ultrasonic wave.

2. The oblique incidence type electromagnetic acoustic sensor based on the variable angle magnetic concentrator according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cross section of the rectangular neodymium iron boron magnet (1) is rectangular, the polarization direction is perpendicular to the length direction, the angle-variable magnetic concentrator (2) is arranged right below the rectangular neodymium iron boron magnet (1), a static magnetic field provided by the rectangular neodymium iron boron magnet (1) is concentrated and guided along a preset angle, and the static magnetic field and the metal plate (4) have a certain inclination angle.

3. The oblique incidence type electromagnetic acoustic sensor based on the variable angle magnetic concentrator according to claim 1, characterized in that: the distance between two adjacent wires in the inflection coil (3) in the flexible circuit board is equal to the half wavelength of an excitation mode.

4. The oblique incidence type electromagnetic acoustic sensor based on the variable angle magnetic concentrator according to claim 1, characterized in that: the folding coil (3) in the flexible circuit board adopts a wiring mode of an upper layer coil and a lower layer coil; the current directions at the same positions of the upper layer coil and the lower layer coil are the same so as to improve the strength of the dynamic magnetic field.

5. The oblique incidence type electromagnetic acoustic sensor based on the variable angle magnetic concentrator according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the folding coil (3) in the flexible circuit board, the center distance l between adjacent leads is equal to the half wavelength of the corresponding mode of the theoretical center frequency of the designed electromagnetic acoustic sensor, the center distance l between the adjacent leads of the electromagnetic acoustic sensor is 1.71mm, and the corresponding A₁The theoretical center frequency f of the modal electromagnetic acoustic sensor is 2.25 MHz.

6. The oblique incidence type electromagnetic acoustic sensor based on the variable angle magnetic concentrator according to claim 1, characterized in that: the wave front angle theta of the incident ultrasonic wave projects l to the incident direction of the ultrasonic wave to realize excitation A₁Phase matching of modal lamb waves; determining theta by the first maximum value of constructive interference, wherein the angle theta of the incident ultrasonic wave front is arcsin [ c/(2 × l × f)]C is the longitudinal wave velocity, and l is the center distance between adjacent wires of the electromagnetic acoustic sensor.

7. The oblique incidence type electromagnetic acoustic sensor based on the variable angle magnetic concentrator according to claim 1, characterized in that: the polarization direction of the rectangular neodymium iron boron magnet (1) is vertical to the length direction, the inclination angle of the variable-angle magnetic concentrator (2) is alpha, and alpha is determined by the triangle inner angle and the theorem, wherein alpha is theta.

Technical Field

The invention discloses an oblique incidence type electromagnetic acoustic sensor based on a variable-angle magnetic concentrator, belongs to the field of ultrasonic nondestructive testing, and can excite high-order mode lamb waves in a metal plate structure and improve the mode control capability of the electromagnetic acoustic sensor.

Background

The metal plate structure has wide application in the fields of aerospace, chemical engineering, machinery and the like. The metal plate structure is easy to generate defects such as cracks, corrosion, delamination and the like during service. In order to ensure the use safety of the metal plate structure, nondestructive testing and structural health monitoring are necessary. The lamb wave has the characteristics of long propagation distance, high speed and the like, and can realize the rapid and large-scale nondestructive detection of the metal plate structure. The high-order mode lamb wave has the advantage of short wavelength and is particularly sensitive to small-size defect detection in a metal plate structure. However, lamb waves have a multi-modal characteristic, and a plurality of modes having different propagation characteristics exist at the same time at the same excitation frequency. As the frequency increases, the number of modes increases accordingly. Due to the existence of multiple modes, multiple wave packets appear in the signal, and the difficulty of post-signal processing and analysis is increased. Therefore, it is necessary to excite lamb waves of a single mode at high frequency.

In the aspect of mode control at present, on the basis of selecting a single-frequency signal as an excitation signal, the mode of a generated lamb wave is controlled by selecting the wavelength or phase velocity of the mode and adjusting the angle of an incident sound wave. The piezoelectric oblique probe excites lamb waves in corresponding modes by controlling phase velocity and incident wave angle. Although the piezoelectric oblique probe can inhibit the generation of multi-mode lamb waves during high-frequency excitation, the piezoelectric oblique probe needs to be coupled and pretreat the surface of a test piece to be detected, and the operation process is very complicated. However, the electromagnetic acoustic sensor has good designability and has the advantages of no need of coupling, non-contact detection and the like. The electromagnetic acoustic sensor can achieve the purpose of controlling the modal wavelength by changing the distance between adjacent coils. By varying the shape of the coil or the arrangement of the static magnetic field, i.e. excitedEmitting lamb waves of different modes. A plurality of electromagnetic acoustic sensors based on different principles are developed by Liu Zenghua, and lamb waves with single mode can be excited under low frequency. However, under the condition of high-frequency excitation, the electromagnetic acoustic sensor has the problem that the excitation mode is not pure. The foreign scholars Peter Cawley designs an electromagnetic acoustic sensor based on a 30-cycle turn-back coil to excite A₁Modal lamb wave, S in received signal₁Mode and A₁The modal amplitude ratio is 0.4.

The electromagnetic acoustic sensor developed at the present stage controls the wavelength of the lamb wave mode only by changing the coil spacing and the polarization direction of the permanent magnet, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling the lamb wave mode. Under the low-frequency excitation condition, a lamb wave of a single mode can be excited. However, when the lamb wave is excited at high frequency, because a plurality of lamb waves in single mode exist at the same time under the same frequency, the lamb wave in single mode is difficult to be excited. The method for adjusting the angle of the incident sound wave is added on the basis of selecting the lamb wave modal wavelength and the single-frequency excitation signal, and the modal control capability of the electromagnetic acoustic sensor is enhanced. An oblique incidence type electromagnetic acoustic sensor of a variable-angle magnetic concentrator for exciting lamb waves is not reported at home and abroad.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to design an oblique incidence type electromagnetic acoustic sensor based on a variable-angle magnetic concentrator, and solves the problem that the electromagnetic acoustic sensor is not beneficial to signal analysis due to multi-mode high-frequency excitation. The modal control capability of the oblique incidence type electromagnetic acoustic sensor of the variable-angle magnetic concentrator is superior to that of the traditional electromagnetic acoustic sensor polarized in the thickness direction and the horizontal direction of the permanent magnet.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following design scheme:

the utility model provides an oblique incidence formula electromagnetic acoustic sensor based on become angle magnetic concentrator which characterized in that: the flexible magnetic concentrator comprises a rectangular neodymium iron boron magnet (1), a variable angle magnetic concentrator (2) and a folding coil (3) in a flexible circuit board; the method is characterized in that: the rectangular neodymium iron boron magnet (1) is polarized to provide a vertical static magnetic field; the angle-variable magnetic concentrator (2) is arranged right below the rectangular neodymium-iron-boron magnet (1) and concentrates and guides a vertical static magnetic field provided by the permanent magnet to load along a preset angle of the magnetic concentrator; the reverse-folding coil (3) in the flexible circuit board is arranged in a skin depth layer of the metal plate (4) to induce induced eddy currents which are opposite to the current direction and are distributed periodically; the static magnetic field provided by the permanent magnet which is concentrated and guided by the magnetic concentrator interacts with the induced eddy current to couple out the oblique incident ultrasonic wave.

The oblique incidence type electromagnetic acoustic sensor based on the variable-angle magnetic concentrator is characterized in that: the cross section of the rectangular neodymium iron boron magnet (1) is rectangular, the polarization direction is perpendicular to the length direction, the angle-variable magnetic concentrator (2) is arranged right below the rectangular neodymium iron boron magnet (1), a static magnetic field provided by the magnet is concentrated and guided along a preset angle, and the metal plate (4) and the magnet are enabled to have a certain inclination angle.

The oblique incidence type electromagnetic acoustic sensor based on the variable-angle magnetic concentrator is characterized in that: and the distance between two adjacent wires of the inflection coil (3) in the flexible circuit board is equal to the half wavelength of the excitation mode.

The oblique incidence type electromagnetic acoustic sensor based on the variable-angle magnetic concentrator is characterized in that: the flexible circuit board is internally provided with a folding coil (3) in a wiring mode; the current directions at the same positions of the upper layer coil and the lower layer coil are the same so as to improve the strength of the dynamic magnetic field.

The invention can obtain the following beneficial effects:

1. the rectangular neodymium iron boron magnet is arranged on the variable-angle magnetic concentrator, the variable-angle magnetic concentrator is arranged on the coil and the measured metal plate, and a static magnetic field which is distributed obliquely to the metal plate is provided under the concentration and guide effects of the variable-angle magnetic concentrator on the magnetic field;

2. the current directions in two adjacent leads are opposite, and induced eddy currents which are opposite to the current directions and are periodically distributed are induced in the metal plate;

3. the folding coil in the flexible circuit board adopts a double-layer wiring mode, so that the strength of the moving magnetic field is improved;

4. the distance l between adjacent wires of the inflection coil in the flexible circuit board is equal to the half wavelength of an excitation mode, namely lambda/2, so that the electromagnetic acoustic sensor controls the mode of the excitation lamb wave;

5. compared with the traditional electromagnetic acoustic sensor, the oblique incidence type electromagnetic acoustic sensor based on the variable-angle magnetic concentrator has the advantages that the direction of a static magnetic field is changed by the variable-angle magnetic concentrator, and ultrasonic waves with a certain incidence angle are coupled with induced eddy currents. The oblique incidence ultrasonic wave can reduce the amplitude of an unnecessary mode during high-frequency excitation, and reduce the amplitude ratio among multiple modes.

6. The oblique incidence type electromagnetic acoustic sensor based on the variable-angle magnetic concentrator for changing the direction of the static magnetic field enhances the modal control capability of the traditional electromagnetic acoustic sensor, reduces the signal processing and analyzing difficulty, and realizes the rapid non-contact nondestructive detection of the metal plate structure.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an oblique incidence type electromagnetic acoustic sensor based on a variable angle magnetic concentrator to change a static magnetic field;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a variable angle magnetic concentrator;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a multi-period turn-back coil;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of an oblique incidence type electromagnetic acoustic sensor based on a variable angle magnetic concentrator for changing a static magnetic field;

FIG. 51 is a graph of ultrasonic guided wave phase velocity and group velocity dispersion of an aluminum plate with a thickness of 51 mm;

FIG. 6 Experimental System;

FIG. 7 is a graph showing a comparison between the waveforms of the experimental results of the variable-angle magnetic concentrator oblique-incidence type electroacoustic transducer and the conventional electroacoustic transducer when the excitation frequency is 2.25 MHz;

FIG. 8 is a result of an experiment of frequency response characteristics of an oblique incidence type electromagnetic acoustic sensor based on a variable angle magnetic concentrator varying a static magnetic field;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a sensor arrangement for a sound field directivity test experiment;

fig. 10 shows the result of an acoustic field directivity experiment of an oblique incidence type electromagnetic acoustic sensor in which a variable angle magnetic concentrator changes a static magnetic field.

In the figure: 1. the device comprises a rectangular neodymium iron boron magnet, 2, a variable-angle magnetic concentrator, 3, a folding coil in a flexible circuit board, 4, a metal plate test piece, 5, an excitation sensor, 6, a receiving sensor, 7, an excitation end impedance matching module, 8, a receiving end impedance matching module, 9, a high-energy pulse excitation receiving device RPR-4000, 10, a digital oscilloscope, 11, an aluminum plate, 12, a first wave packet of direct waves excited/received by the variable-angle magnetic concentrator oblique incidence type electromagnetic acoustic sensor, a second wave packet of direct waves excited/received by the variable-angle magnetic concentrator oblique incidence type electromagnetic acoustic sensor, 14, a first wave packet of direct waves excited/received by a traditional electromagnetic acoustic sensor, 15 and a second wave packet of direct waves excited/received by the traditional electromagnetic acoustic sensor.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples and figures, and the following examples are illustrative and not limiting, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

Based on a Lorentz force mechanism, the oblique incidence type electromagnetic acoustic sensor based on the variable-angle magnetic concentrator for changing the static magnetic field is designed. On an aluminum plate, under the condition of high-frequency excitation, the sensor is used for exciting high-order mode lamb waves, and the fact that the mode control capability of the traditional electromagnetic acoustic sensor is improved by the developed oblique incidence type electromagnetic acoustic sensor based on the variable-angle magnetic concentrator for changing the static magnetic field is proved. FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an oblique incidence type electromagnetic acoustic sensor based on a variable angle magnetic concentrator for changing a static magnetic field according to the present invention; the device comprises a rectangular neodymium iron boron magnet 1, a variable-angle magnetic concentrator 2 and a folding coil 3 in a flexible circuit board; the test object was an aluminum plate 11 having a specification of 1000X 1 (unit: mm). Rectangular neodymium iron boron magnet 1 is arranged right above variable angle magnetic concentrator 2, and inflection coil 3 in the flexible circuit board is arranged between variable angle magnetic concentrator 2 and aluminum plate 11 and is in close contact with the two. Fig. 4 is a graph showing the group velocity and phase velocity dispersion curves of the ultrasonic waves of the aluminum plate 11. The excitation frequency is selected to determine the wavelength λ unique to the excitation mode.

The folding coil 3 in the flexible circuit board is shown in fig. 3, the center distance l between adjacent leads is equal to the half wavelength of the corresponding mode of the theoretical center frequency of the designed electromagnetic acoustic sensor, the center distance l between adjacent leads of the sensor is 1.71mm, and the corresponding distance A is A₁The theoretical center frequency f of the modal electromagnetic acoustic sensor is 2.25 MHz.

Incident lightThe ultrasonic wave front angle θ is shown in FIG. 4, i is projected to the incident direction of the ultrasonic wave, and excitation A is realized₁Phase matching of modal lamb waves. Determining theta by the first maximum value of constructive interference, wherein the angle theta of the incident ultrasonic wave front is arcsin [ c/(2 × l × f)]And c is the velocity of the longitudinal wave. The incident ultrasonic wavefront angle θ is 55 °.

The angle α of the variable-angle magnetic concentrator is shown in fig. 4, and α is determined by the triangle inner angle and theorem, and α is θ. The angle α of the variable angle magnetic concentrator is 55 °.

The rectangular ndfeb magnet 1 is polarized in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction as shown in fig. 1, and provides a static magnetic field. The size is as follows: the length is 22mm, the width is 20mm, and the height is 20 mm.

The angle-variable magnetic concentrator 2 has an included angle of 55 degrees with the length direction as shown in fig. 2, and the rectangular neodymium-iron-boron magnet 1 provides a bias static magnetic field with an included angle of 55 degrees with the aluminum plate together. The size is as follows: length 22mm, width 20mm, height 4.5mm, leg width 1mm, angle 55 °.

The folding coil 3 in the flexible circuit board is wired in an upper layer and a lower layer as shown in fig. 3, the upper layer and the lower layer are 32 wires, the length of each wire is 20mm, the width of each wire is 0.2mm, and the total width of the effective coil is 25.65 mm.

The experimental system is shown in fig. 6 and comprises a high-power pulse excitation receiving device RPR40009, a digital oscilloscope 10, an excitation end impedance matching module 7, a receiving end impedance matching module 8, an excitation sensor 5, a receiving sensor 6 and an aluminum plate 11. RPR40009 is used to generate high energy excitation and reception signals. The digital oscilloscope 10 is used for observing and storing signals; and the excitation end impedance matching module 7 and the receiving end impedance matching module 8 are used for improving the energy conversion efficiency of the sensor. The distance between the excitation sensor 5 and the receiving sensor 6 is s, and the excitation sensor and the receiving sensor are arranged on the aluminum plate 11; the receiving sensor 6 is connected with a high-power pulse excitation receiving device RPR40009 through a receiving end impedance matching module 8, the high-power pulse excitation receiving device RPR40009 is connected with a digital oscilloscope 10, and the high-power pulse excitation receiving device RPR40009 is also connected with the excitation sensor 5 through an excitation end impedance matching module 7.

1) Modal control capability test

Based on an experimental system, as shown in fig. 6, the mode control capability of the variable-angle magnetic concentrator oblique incidence type electromagnetic acoustic sensor for high-frequency excitation of lamb waves is verified through experiments. A traditional electromagnetic acoustic sensor for mode control contrast experiment, except that permanent magnet polarization direction is the thickness direction, other parameters all are unanimous with the oblique incidence formula electromagnetic acoustic sensor that changes the static magnetic field based on variable angle magnetic concentrator. In a one-drive one-receive mode, the distance s between the excitation sensor 5 and the receiving sensor 6 is 600 mm. FIG. 7 is a comparison graph of experimental results of an oblique incidence type electromagnetic acoustic sensor and a conventional electromagnetic acoustic sensor in which a static magnetic field is changed by a variable angle magnetic concentrator when an excitation frequency is 2.25 MHz. Fig. 7 (a) shows an oblique incidence type electromagnetic acoustic sensor excitation/reception direct waveform in which a static magnetic field is changed by a variable angle magnetic concentrator, and fig. 7 (b) shows a conventional electromagnetic acoustic sensor excitation/reception direct waveform. Excitation frequency of 2.25MHz, A₁The theoretical group velocity of the mode is 3560 m/s. Based on the time-of-flight method, the group velocity of the first wave packet 12 of the direct wave excited/received by the oblique incidence type electromagnetic acoustic sensor for changing the static magnetic field through the variable angle magnetic concentrator is measured to be 3488m/s, and A₁The theoretical group velocity relative error for a mode is about 2%. The peak percentage of the first wave packet envelope 14 and the second wave packet envelope 15 excited/received by the conventional electromagnetic acoustic sensor is 17.74%, and the peak percentage of the first wave packet envelope 12 and the second wave packet envelope 13 excited/received by the oblique incidence type electromagnetic acoustic sensor for changing the static magnetic field by the variable angle magnetic concentrator is 12.6%.

The variable-angle magnetic concentrator enables the permanent magnet static magnetic field to generate the oblique incidence electromagnetic acoustic sensor forming an angle of 55 degrees with the horizontal direction, so that the amplitude of unnecessary modes is reduced, and the mode control capability of the traditional electromagnetic acoustic sensor is enhanced.

2) Frequency response characteristic test

The frequency response characteristic test is carried out on the developed oblique incidence type electromagnetic acoustic sensor based on the change of the static magnetic field by the variable-angle magnetic concentrator, and the excitation frequency is increased to 2.35MHz from 2.15MHz by taking 10kHz as a step. And extracting the peak value of the envelope of the direct wave under each frequency. The frequency response curve of an oblique incidence type electromagnetic acoustic sensor that changes the static magnetic field by a variable angle magnetic concentrator plotted by normalized peak values is shown in fig. 8. The experimental data are respectively represented by circles. By curve fitting, it can be seen that a higher peak is obtained between the 2.24MHz and 2.25MHz bands. The experimental result shows that the developed oblique incidence type electromagnetic acoustic sensor for changing the static magnetic field through the variable-angle magnetic concentrator has good frequency response characteristic.

3) Sound field directivity test

The sound field directivity of the obliquely incident electromagnetic acoustic sensor based on the variable angle magnetic concentrator for changing the static magnetic field was tested by placing the excitation sensor at the center and the reception sensor on a semicircle with a radius of 200mm and increasing from 0 ° to 180 ° in steps of 15 °, as shown in fig. 9. And extracting and normalizing the peak value of the envelope of the direct wave under each angle. Fig. 10 shows a sound field directivity of an oblique incidence type electromagnetic acoustic sensor that changes a static magnetic field based on a variable angle magnetic concentrator. Oblique incidence type electromagnetic acoustic sensors based on varying angle magnetic concentrators to vary the static magnetic field achieve large amplitudes at 0 ° and 180 °. The experimental result shows that the developed oblique incidence type electromagnetic acoustic sensor for changing the static magnetic field through the variable-angle magnetic concentrator has good sound field directivity.

The invention designs an oblique incidence type electromagnetic acoustic sensor for changing a static magnetic field based on a variable-angle magnetic concentrator. When the sensor works, the rectangular neodymium iron boron magnet provides a static magnetic field perpendicular to the aluminum plate, the variable-angle magnetic concentrator concentrates the static magnetic field and guides the static magnetic field along a preset angle, the direction of the variable-angle magnetic concentrator and the aluminum plate have a certain inclination angle, the inflection coil loaded with high-frequency current is arranged in a skin depth layer of the aluminum plate, and induced eddy currents in opposite directions and distributed periodically are induced. The oblique static magnetic field interacts with the induced eddy currents, coupling out lorentz forces which are obliquely incident and periodically distributed in an alternating manner, according to the left-hand rule. The obliquely incident lorentz force acts as an obliquely incident ultrasonic sound source. The oblique incidence of the ultrasonic wave is beneficial to improving the modal control capability of the electromagnetic acoustic sensor. Experiments prove that the developed oblique incidence type electromagnetic acoustic sensor for changing the static magnetic field through the variable-angle magnetic concentrator can reduce the amplitude of unnecessary modes and enhance the mode control capability of the electromagnetic acoustic sensor. Through sweep frequency and sound field directivity test experiments, the obliquely incident electromagnetic acoustic sensor which is developed and changes the static magnetic field through the variable-angle magnetic concentrator is verified to have better frequency response characteristic and sound field directivity. On the basis of selecting lamb wave modal wavelength and single-frequency excitation signals, the invention vertically polarizes the rectangular neodymium-iron-boron magnet, adds the angle-variable magnetic concentrator below the rectangular neodymium-iron-boron magnet and changes the angle of incident sound waves by the angle-variable magnetic concentrator, thereby enhancing the modal control capability of the traditional electromagnetic acoustic sensor. The designed oblique incidence type electromagnetic acoustic sensor based on the variable-angle magnetic concentrator for changing the static magnetic field can be used for detecting small-size defects of the metal plate structure. The method has great application value and potential in the fields of structural health monitoring and nondestructive evaluation.