阅读说明：本技术 一种具有电加热及电磁屏蔽的电致变色汽车玻璃 (Electrochromic automobile glass with electric heating and electromagnetic shielding functions ) 是由 鲍思权 王加赋 郑育亮 林生野 郑国新 毛祚水 陈绍木 于 2019-10-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种具有电加热及电磁屏蔽的电致变色汽车玻璃,沿厚度方向依次层叠有第一玻璃层、电致变色模块、第一网栅层、第二网栅层、粘结层和第二玻璃层,其特征在于,所述第一网栅层包括第一透明基底和若干平行布线排列的第一金属丝,所述第一金属丝排布在第一透明基底朝向电致变色模块的一侧,所述第二网栅层包括第二透明基底和若干平行布线排列的第二金属丝,所述第二金属丝的排布在第二透明基底朝向第二玻璃层的一侧。可同时具有玻璃电磁屏蔽功能及电加热两种功能,且电磁屏蔽功能不受电磁辐射方向的限制。(The utility model provides an electrochromic car glass with electrical heating and electromagnetic shield, has stacked gradually first glass layer, electrochromic module, first net grid layer, second net grid layer, tie coat and second glass layer along thickness direction, its characterized in that, first net grid layer includes the first wire that first transparent base and a plurality of parallel wiring arranged, first wire arranges in one side of first transparent base towards electrochromic module, second net grid layer includes the second wire that transparent base of second and a plurality of parallel wiring arranged, arranging of second wire is in one side of transparent base of second towards second glass layer. The glass electromagnetic shielding device can simultaneously have two functions of glass electromagnetic shielding and electric heating, and the electromagnetic shielding function is not limited by the electromagnetic radiation direction.)

1. An electrochromic automobile glass with electric heating and electromagnetic shielding functions is sequentially laminated with a first glass layer (11), an electrochromic module (12), a first grid layer (13), a second grid layer (14), an adhesive layer (15) and a second glass layer (16) along the thickness direction, characterized in that the first grid layer (13) comprises a first transparent substrate (21) and a plurality of first metal wires (23) arranged in parallel, the first metal wires (23) are arranged on the side of the first transparent substrate (21) facing the electrochromic module (12), the second mesh layer (14) comprises a second transparent substrate (22) and a plurality of second metal wires (24) arranged in parallel, the second metal wires (14) are arranged on the side of the second transparent substrate (22) facing the second glass layer (16), the arrangement direction of the first metal wires (23) and the arrangement direction of the second metal wires (24) form an included angle of 40-90 degrees.

2. Electrochromic automobile glass with electric heating and electromagnetic shielding according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrochromic module (12) comprises a first transparent conductive layer (41), an electrochromic layer (42), an ion transport layer (43), an ion storage layer (44) and a second transparent conductive layer (45) stacked in this order from bottom to top.

3. Electrochromic automotive glazing with electrical heating and electromagnetic shielding according to claim 1, characterised in that the first transparent substrate (21) and the second transparent substrate (22) are both 50-100um thick.

4. The electrochromic automobile glass with electric heating and electromagnetic shielding of claim 1, wherein the wire widths of the first wire (23) and the second wire (24) are both 5-15 um.

5. The electrochromic automobile glass with electric heating and electromagnetic shielding of claim 4, wherein the first metal wire (23) has a wire spacing of 100-500 um.

6. The electrochromic automobile glass with electric heating and electromagnetic shielding of claim 5, wherein the thickness of the first metal wire (23) is 10-100 um.

7. The electrochromic automobile glass with electric heating and electromagnetic shielding of claim 4, wherein the second metal wire (24) has a wire spacing of 500-1500 μm.

8. The electrochromic automobile glass with electric heating and electromagnetic shielding of claim 7, wherein the thickness of the second metal wire (24) is 20-60 um.

9. Electrochromic automobile glass with electric heating and electromagnetic shielding according to claim 1, characterized in that the ends of the second wires (24) of the second grid layer (14) are respectively connected in parallel to a bus bar (31).

10. The electrochromic automobile glass with electric heating and electromagnetic shielding as claimed in claim 9, wherein the bus bar (31) is made by printing with copper foil or silver paste, or by combining copper foil and silver paste.

The technical field is as follows:

the invention relates to the technical field of photoelectric functional glass, in particular to electrochromic automobile glass with electric heating and electromagnetic shielding functions.

Background art:

the electrochromic technology can be driven by external direct-current voltage and can reversibly adjust the transmittance of visible light and near infrared light in a solar spectrum, so that if the technology is applied to automobile glass, the light transmission of the automobile window glass and the transmission of solar energy can be effectively adjusted, and the aims of dimming and energy saving are fulfilled.

However, in the practical application process of the electrochromic glass product, some disadvantages exist: 1. the conductive layer of the current electrochromic functional film is an ITO conductive film, and the conductivity of the ITO conductive film is poor, so that the color change rate of the electrochromic film is too slow, and particularly for inorganic electrochromic products (namely, all-solid-state electrochromic devices), the experience of customers is poor; 2. the low-temperature working performance is poor, namely: when the ambient temperature is too low (-10 ℃), the color changing function of the electrochromic glass gradually becomes slow or even does not change, so that the product has the problem of color changing failure when being applied to buildings or automobiles in cold areas in winter. Meanwhile, in winter with cold weather, the glass surface is easy to freeze and fog, and the visual field of a driver or passengers in the vehicle is blocked.

In addition, with the emergence of more and more electronic products in life, various electromagnetic radiation problems also exist. Due to energy problems, the automobiles themselves are gradually developing new energy sources, so that the automobiles themselves carry various electric appliances and battery systems. Therefore, various electromagnetic radiation problems exist in the actual vehicle using process, and the long-term environment of the electromagnetic radiation can cause adverse effects on human bodies.

Therefore, if the electrochromic technology is applied to the automobile glass, and simultaneously the product can be endowed with the functions of electric heating and electromagnetic shielding, the low-temperature service performance of the product in the technology and the influence of electromagnetic radiation generated by an automobile body on a human body in an automobile can be effectively solved.

At present, for electrochromic multifunctional devices with electric heating and electromagnetic shielding, metal wires or conductive films are mostly adopted as media for realizing the electric heating and electromagnetic shielding functions, for the design of electric heating products adopting the metal wires, in order to ensure the heating uniformity, the design of parallel heating wires is generally adopted at present, theoretical research finds that the metal wires arranged in parallel have obvious directivity for shielding electromagnetic waves, and when the electric field directions of the parallel metal wires and the electromagnetic waves are mutually vertical, the shielding effectiveness of the parallel metal wires on the electromagnetic waves is almost zero. Therefore, in the practical application process, since the propagation direction of the electromagnetic radiation cannot be judged, certain limitation exists in the application process.

The invention content is as follows:

aiming at the problem, the invention provides an electrochromic functional glass product which has two functions of glass electromagnetic shielding and electric heating at the same time, and the electromagnetic shielding function is not limited by the electromagnetic radiation direction.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

the electrochromic automobile glass with the functions of electric heating and electromagnetic shielding is characterized in that a first glass layer, an electrochromic module, a first grid layer, a second grid layer, a bonding layer and a second glass layer are sequentially stacked in the thickness direction, the first grid layer comprises a first transparent substrate and a plurality of first metal wires arranged in parallel wiring mode, the first metal wires are arranged on one side, facing the electrochromic module, of the first transparent substrate, the second grid layer comprises a second transparent substrate and a plurality of second metal wires arranged in parallel wiring mode, the second metal wires are arranged on one side, facing the second glass layer, of the second transparent substrate, and the included angle between the arrangement direction of the first metal wires and the arrangement direction of the second metal wires is 40-90 degrees.

The electrochromic module comprises a first transparent conducting layer, an electrochromic layer, an ion transmission layer, an ion storage layer and a second transparent conducting layer which are sequentially stacked from bottom to top.

Wherein, the thickness of the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate is 50-100 um.

Wherein, the wire width of first wire and second wire all is 5 ~ 15 um.

Wherein, the filament interval of first wire is 100 ~ 500 um.

Wherein, the thickness of first wire is 10 ~ 100 um.

Wherein, the filament spacing of second wire is 500 ~ 1500 um.

Wherein, the thickness of second wire is 20 ~ 60 um.

The head end and the tail end of the second metal wire of the second grid layer are respectively connected in parallel with a bus.

The bus is made of copper foil or silver paste in a printing mode, or made of combination of the copper foil and the silver paste.

Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

compared with the prior art, the invention combines three functions of electric heating, electromagnetic shielding and electrochromism to form the automobile glass, effectively solves the problem that the product has obvious directionality on the electromagnetic shielding function, namely: can have shielding effect on electromagnetic radiation propagating in various directions; meanwhile, the structural product can effectively improve the color change rate of the whole electrochromic layer; the product has enough heating power density to meet the requirement of quick deicing and defrosting, and simultaneously can ensure that the appearance of the product has no visual obstruction; in addition, the laminated glass product has a simple structure, the thickness design of the product is relatively reasonable, the performance optimization of the three functions is ensured, the thickness of the product is not obviously increased, the laminated glass product can be applied to positions of automobile skylights, front stops, side windows and the like, and the application range of the product is greatly enriched.

Description of the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the electrochromic module according to the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a first mesh layer and a second mesh layer according to the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a second mesh layer according to the present invention.

Description of reference numerals:

11. the electrochromic device comprises a first glass layer, a first electrochromic module, a first grid layer, a second grid layer, a bonding layer, a second glass layer and a second glass layer, wherein the first glass layer is 12;

21. a first transparent substrate, 22, a second transparent substrate, 23, a first wire, 24, a second wire;

31. a bus bar 32, a connecting wire;

41. a first transparent conductive layer, 42, an electrochromic layer, 43, an ion transport layer, 44, an ion storage layer, 45, a second transparent conductive layer;

U₁a first DC voltage, U₂A second DC voltage

The specific implementation mode is as follows:

the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the electrochromic automobile glass with electric heating and electromagnetic shielding of the present invention comprises a first glass layer 11, an electrochromic module 12, a first mesh layer 13, a second mesh layer 14, an adhesive layer 15, and a second glass layer 16, which are sequentially laminated in a thickness direction. As shown in fig. 2, the first mesh layer 13 includes a first transparent substrate 21 and first metal wires 23, and the second mesh layer 14 includes a second transparent substrate 22 and second metal wires 24, the first metal wires 23 being arranged on a side of the first transparent substrate 21 facing the electrochromic module 12, and the second metal wires 24 being arranged on a side of the second transparent substrate 22 facing the second glass layer 16. The first mesh layer 13 and the second mesh layer 14 are laminated between the laminated glass at the same time, and the included angle between the moving direction of the first metal wire 23 and the moving direction of the second metal wire 24 is ensured to be between 40 and 90 degrees. Above scheme both can guarantee that this product has better heating performance, and this heating product can not have outward appearance visual disturbance, can guarantee higher heating power density simultaneously, can show the rate of discolouing that improves electrochromic module 12 again, in addition, also can give this product better electromagnetic shield function, guarantees simultaneously that electromagnetic shield function can not have the directionality, promptly: can ensure that the electromagnetic radiation in all directions has better electromagnetic shielding effect.

In a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the first transparent substrate 21 and the second transparent substrate 22 is 50-100um, the thickness of the first metal wires 23 is 10-100 um, the distance between the first metal wires 23 is 100-500 um, the thickness of the second metal wires 24 is 20-60 um, the distance between the second metal wires 24 is 500-1500 um, the width of the first metal wires 23 and the width of the second metal wires 24 are 5-15um, and the material of the metal wires can be selected from gold, silver and copper, preferably copper. The materials of the first transparent substrate 21, the second transparent substrate 22 and the adhesive layer 15 can be selected from various common polymer materials in laminated glass, and polyvinyl butyral is preferred. The first glass layer 11 and the second glass layer 16 may be soda lime glass, borosilicate glass, or high alumina glass.

The first mesh layer 23 plays a role of accelerating electrochromism and electromagnetic shielding, the second mesh layer 24 plays a role of heating and electromagnetic shielding, and in order to deeply study the influence of the combination of the first mesh layer 13 and the second mesh layer 14 on the electromagnetic shielding, electrochromism and electrochromic rate, so as to determine various parameters of the first mesh layer 13 and the second mesh layer 14, such as membrane thickness, wire thickness and wire spacing, research and analysis are carried out by setting several sets of comparative experiments, and in addition, considering that the resistance R of the first mesh layer 13 and the second mesh layer 14 can be calculated by formula ①:

in the formula ①, L represents the length of each copper wire, ρ represents the resistivity of the metal wire, the metal wire may be regarded as a rectangular parallelepiped, a represents the width of the metal wire, and B represents the thickness of the metal wire, and it is desirable that the width of the metal wire is smaller and better when it is considered that the width of the metal wire is too wide, which may cause visual interference to human eyes, but considering that the preparation process of the first mesh layer 13 or the second mesh layer 14, the risk of wire breakage is higher when the metal wire is thinner, the minimum resolution width of the wire by human eyes is considered to be about 6um, so that the width of the metal wire is controlled to be 5-15 um..

Because the first mesh grid layer 13 has an influence on the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness and the electrochromic rate, and the second mesh grid layer 14 has an influence on the electrical heating and the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness, in order to facilitate better analysis of the influence of the first mesh grid layer and the second mesh grid layer on the functions of the electromagnetic shielding, the electrochromic and the electrical heating, the performance indexes of the second mesh grid layer 14 are fixed firstly, namely: in the experiment, the thickness of the second metal wire 24 is 40um, the wire spacing of the second metal wire 24 is 1000um, and the trend of the first metal wire 23 is perpendicular to the trend of the second metal wire 24. Set up 5 contrast tests respectively, change the size of the thickness of first wire 23 (value range 20 ~ 100um), the silk interval of first wire 24 (value range 100 ~ 500um), specific data see table 1:

TABLE 1

Electromagnetic shielding effectiveness S in Table 1_SECan be expressed by the formula ② as:

S_SE＝10lg(P_D1/P_D2) ②

P_D1represents the power density, P, of the incident electromagnetic wave without the first and second mesh layers 13 and 14_D2The power density of the transmitted electromagnetic wave when the first grid layer 13 and the second grid layer 14 are included is represented, the frequency range of the tested electromagnetic wave is 100 KHz-1G Hz, and the frequency range can basically cover the electromagnetic wave interference needing shielding in the actual engineering.

The electrochromic acceleration efficiency η in table 1 can be represented by the formula ③:

T₁t represents the time required for electrochromic when the first mesh layer 13 is not included (when the color changes from lightest to darkest), and₂representing the time required for the electrochromic module to change color (when the color changes from lightest to darkest) when the first mesh layer 13 is included.

From table 1, it can be seen that, while the width of the second wire 24 of the second mesh layer 14 is kept constant, the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness and the electrochromic speed-increasing efficiency of the product both increase gradually as the thickness of the first mesh layer 13 increases, because, as the thickness of the wire increases, the resistance of the whole conductive film decreases according to the formula ①, so that when the first mesh layer 13 and the electrochromic module 12 are contacted together to form a sandwich structure, the first mesh layer 13 and the second transparent conductive layer 35 of the electrochromic module 12 form a good electrical contact, the resistance of the second transparent conductive layer 35 can be greatly reduced, and the transmission rate of electrons can be accelerated, so that the color-changing rate of the electrochromic module 12 can be significantly increased, and at the same time, the better the conductivity, the better the shielding effectiveness, and when the thickness of the first wire 23 reaches a certain value, the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness and the electrochromic speed-increasing efficiency tend to peak gradually, and thereafter, as the thickness of the first wire 23 continues to increase, the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness and the electrochromic speed-increasing efficiency basically remain unchanged, and the reason may be that the increase of the first mesh layer 13 is the main factor of the electrochromic speed-increasing efficiency.

As to the effect of the inter-wire distance of the first wire 23 on the electromagnetic shielding and electrochromic acceleration efficiency, it can be clearly found from table 1: with the gradual increase of the wire spacing of the first metal wire 23, the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness is gradually reduced, and the electrochromic acceleration efficiency is also gradually reduced, mainly because: the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness is inversely related to the wire spacing of the first metal wires 23, and since the increase of the wire spacing also leads to an increase in the resistance of the entire area of the first mesh layer 13, the electrochromic acceleration efficiency is indirectly reduced.

Next, the influence of the second mesh layer 14 on the electrical heating and electromagnetic shielding performance is studied, similarly, each performance index of the first mesh layer 13 is fixed first, it is ensured that the thickness of the first metal wire 23 is 20um, the wire spacing of the first metal wire 23 is 200um, the wire direction of the first metal wire 13 is perpendicular to the wire direction of the second metal wire 24, and 5 sets of comparison tests respectively, that is, the thickness of the second metal wire 24 (the value range is 20-100 um), the wire spacing of the second metal wire 24 (the value range is 500-1500 um) are changed respectively, and the specific data are shown in table 2:

TABLE 2

In the formula ④, U represents the heating voltage, R represents the resistance of the metal mesh heating film 14, and S represents the area of the entire heating area.

As can be seen from table 2: as the wire spacing of the second metal wire 24 increases, the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness is inversely related to the size of the wire spacing, so that the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of the product gradually decreases; at the same time, the increase in the filament pitch increases the resistance of the second mesh layer 14 as a whole, and therefore the heating power density decreases. In addition, it can be found from table 2 that: as the thickness of the second wire 24 increases, the resistance of the second mesh layer 14 decreases, the effect on the electromagnetic shielding performance also shows the same regular change as shown in table 1, the heating power density increases, and the heating power density only reaches 450W/m²The standard requirements of deicing and defrosting can be met.

Through the analysis of tables 1 and 2, the electrochromic acceleration efficiency is only affected by the first mesh layer 13, the heating power density is only affected by the second mesh layer 14, and the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness is affected by both the first mesh layer and the second mesh layer.

The variation of the wire angle with respect to the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness can also be explored by varying the angle θ between the wire runs of the first wire 23 and the second wire 24. At this time, the thickness of the first metal wire 23 is 40um, the wire interval of the first metal wire 23 is 200um, the thickness of the second metal wire 24 is 40um, the wire interval of the second metal wire 24 is 1000um, and the change of the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness when the included angle is changed is shown in table 3:

TABLE 3

From table 3 it can be found that: as the angle θ between the threads of the first and second wires 23 and 24 increases, the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness thereof tends to decrease first and then increase, and when the interlayer between the threads is 90 °, the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness is the greatest. In addition, through research, it was found that: if the two are separated and independently tested for electromagnetic shielding effectiveness, it is found that the two show different electromagnetic shielding effects with the change of the electromagnetic wave propagation direction. Therefore, the two must be effectively combined to exhibit a good electromagnetic shielding effect.

As shown in fig. 3, the two ends of the second metal wire 24 on the second mesh layer 14 are respectively connected in parallel to a bus 31, the bus 31 can be made by printing copper foil or silver paste, or by combining copper foil and silver paste (i.e. printing silver paste first and then attaching copper foil, and ensuring that the second metal wire 24 is sandwiched between silver paste and copper foil), the copper foil and silver paste are both mature materials with good conductivity, and meanwhile, in order to prevent the influence of the fracture of the wire on the heating uniformity, the second metal wires 24 can be connected in series with each other through a connecting wire 32. Second DC voltage U₂The heating voltage is preferably 12-14V, which is applied to the two bus bars 31.

As shown in fig. 4, the electrochromic module 12 includes a first transparent conductive layer 41, an electrochromic layer 42, an ion transport layer 43, an ion storage layer 44, and a second transparent conductive layer 45, the first transparent conductive layer 41 and the second transparent conductive layer 45 may be selected from metal oxides, doped metal oxides, or transparent conductive oxynitrides, preferably ITO transparent conductive films, the electrochromic layer 42 may be selected from one or more of tungsten oxide, molybdenum oxide, nickel oxide, titanium oxide, chromium oxide, and manganese oxide, preferably tungsten oxide, the ion transport layer 43 may be selected from a solid electrolyte, a liquid electrolyte, or a polymer electrolyte, preferably a solid electrolyte, the ion storage layer 44 may be selected from metal oxides or prussian blue, preferably an anodic electrochromic material, this can complement the cathode electrochromic material in the coloring and fading process, so that the adjustment area of visible light is wider. Electrochromism is a state of the art, by physical precipitationA first direct current voltage U is formed on the first glass layer 11₁Applied between first transparent conductive layer 41 and second transparent conductive layer 45.

The electrochromic automobile glass with electric heating and electromagnetic shielding functions of the present invention has been described in detail, and can be used as a laminated glass for a sunroof, a front windshield, a side window, and the like, but the present invention is not limited by the above-described embodiments, and therefore, any improvements, equivalent modifications, substitutions, and the like made according to the technical gist of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.