阅读说明：本技术 用于电动马达的碳刷架板、风挡刮水器马达以及用于组装风挡刮水器马达的方法 (Carbon brush holder plate for electric motor, windshield wiper motor, and method for assembling windshield wiper motor ) 是由 斯格弗里德·斯蒂芬妮 于 2018-05-15 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种用于电动马达(10)的碳刷架板(50),该碳刷架板包括用于碳刷(52,53)的引导元件(55)、碳刷(52,53)的第一端面(54)、与第一端面(54)相对而置的第二端面(59)、以及用于在碳刷架板(50)的组装位置中将碳刷(52,53)的第一端面(54)与换向器(21)有间距地进行定位的装置,其中,碳刷(52,53)布置成在碳刷(52,53)的纵向轴线(57)的方向上能在引导元件(55)中纵向移位,第一端面设计成贴靠电动马达(10)的换向器(21),弹簧元件(62)在运行状态中在弹簧张力下贴靠第二端面,以便朝换向器(21)的方向按压碳刷(52,53)。(The invention relates to a carbon brush holder plate (50) for an electric motor (10), comprising guide elements (55) for carbon brushes (52, 53), a first end face (54) of the carbon brushes (52, 53), a second end face (59) opposite to the first end face (54), and means for positioning the first end face (54) of the carbon brushes (52, 53) at a distance from a commutator (21) in an assembly position of the carbon brush holder plate (50), wherein the carbon brushes (52, 53) are arranged so as to be longitudinally displaceable in the guide elements (55) in the direction of a longitudinal axis (57) of the carbon brushes (52, 53), the first end face is designed to abut against the commutator (21) of the electric motor (10), a spring element (62) abuts against the second end face under spring tension in an operating state in order to press the carbon brushes (52) in the direction of the commutator (21), 53).)

1. A carbon brush holder plate (50) for an electric motor (10) having guide elements (55) for carbon brushes (52, 53), a first end face (54) of the carbon brushes (52, 53), a second end face (59) which is arranged opposite the first end face (54), and means for positioning the first end face (54) of the carbon brushes (52, 53) at a distance from a commutator (21) in an assembly position of the carbon brush holder plate (50), wherein the carbon brushes (52, 53) are arranged so as to be longitudinally displaceable in the guide elements (55) in the direction of a longitudinal axis (57) of the carbon brushes (52, 53), the first end face (54) is designed to bear against the commutator (21) of the electric motor (10), and a spring element (62) bears against the second end face (59) under spring tension in an operating state, in order to press the carbon brushes (52, 53) in the direction of the commutator (21), characterized in that the device is formed by the spring element (62), wherein the spring element (62) in the assembled position bears against the end faces (60) of the carbon brushes (52, 53) under spring pretension, and the carbon brushes (52, 53) are pressed against the guide element (55) in the form of a friction-fit connection (78).

2. A carbon brush holder plate according to claim 1, characterized in that a release device (70) is provided, which is arranged to be in movable abutting contact with the second end face (59) of the carbon brush (52, 53) via a contact element (71), and which, upon contacting the second end face (59) and upon further movement of the contact element (71), is designed to displace the carbon brush (52, 53) in the guide element (55) in the direction of the longitudinal axis (57) such that the spring element (62) establishes an operative connection with the second end face (59) of the carbon brush (52, 53).

3. A carbon brush holder plate according to claim 2, wherein in an abutment area between the carbon brush (52, 53) and the contact element (71), the second end face (59) and/or the contact element (71) is arranged at an oblique angle (α, β) with respect to the longitudinal axis (57) or with a chamfered edge (79).

4. A carbon brush holder plate according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the contact elements (71) of the release means (70) are resiliently arranged by means of spring sections (72).

5. The carbon brush holder plate according to claim 4, wherein the carbon brush holder plate (50) is made of plastic, and the contact elements (71) are integrally formed at the carbon brush holder plate (50) through the spring sections (72).

6. A carbon brush holder plate according to any of claims 2-5, characterized in that the release means (70) comprises a follower element (73) arranged in operative connection with the contact element (71).

7. The carbon brush holder plate according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the spring element (62) includes a curved contact section (69) that is capable of abutting against the lateral surface (61) and the second end surface (59) of the carbon brush (52, 53).

8. An electric motor (10) having an armature (20) comprising a commutator (21) and a carbon brush holder plate (50) constructed according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. Electric motor according to claim 8, characterized in that the electric motor (10) comprises a motor housing (28) which is connectable to a transmission housing (12) and which is provided with an operating section (75) which is positionable against a movably arranged follower element (73) of the release device (70).

10. The electric motor according to claim 9, characterized in that the maneuvering section (75) is formed by a section of the motor housing (18).

11. A windshield wiper motor (100) having an electric motor (10) constructed according to claim 9 or 10.

12. A method for assembling a windshield wiper motor (100) according to claim 11, wherein such assembly comprises at least the steps of:

-pre-assembling the carbon brush holder plate (50) at the transmission housing (12), wherein the carbon brushes (52, 53) are arranged in an assembly position,

-axially engaging the armature (20) and the motor housing (28) in a direction towards the transmission housing (12), wherein the armature (20) moves past the carbon brushes (52, 53) with a spacing,

-bringing the actuating section (75) into contact with and relatively moving a follower element (73) of the release device (70), wherein the carbon brush (52, 53) is moved in the guide element (55) in the direction of the commutator (21), and wherein the spring element (62) is brought into contact with a second end face (59) of the carbon brush (52, 53) and the carbon brush is pressed against the commutator (21).

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a carbon brush holder plate for an electric motor according to the preamble of claim 1. The invention also relates to an electric motor, a windscreen wiper motor with a carbon brush holder plate according to the invention, and a method for assembling a windscreen wiper motor.

Background

Brush-holder plates for electric motors having the features of the preamble of claim 1 are known in practice. In an electric motor equipped with a brush holder plate of this type, the carbon brushes arranged so as to be longitudinally displaceable in the region of the brush holder plate bear against the web portions of the commutator of the armature of the electric motor when the electric motor is in operation. When assembling an electric motor as an integral part of a windscreen wiper motor, the carbon brush holder plate is fastened to the transmission housing of the windscreen wiper motor in an intermediate assembly step. The armature then has to be guided through the through-opening of the carbon brush holder plate by its armature shaft, which has a drive worm on the side facing the gear housing, until the web portion of the commutator at the armature shaft is at the level of the carbon brushes. During this preassembly, it is important to arrange the carbon brushes in a position set back relative to the operating state and spaced apart from the commutator, so that the carbon brushes do not come into contact with the armature shaft or the commutator when the armature shaft is axially engaged and can be damaged in the process. For this purpose, auxiliary devices are usually used, for example, which, when the armature shaft is axially engaged, hold the carbon brushes in the retracted position against the spring force of the spring elements, which urge the carbon brushes in the direction of the commutator. Subsequently, in an additional assembly step, the auxiliary device, which is a separate component, is again brought out of contact with the carbon brushes, thereby bringing them into contact with the commutator.

Furthermore, conical additional elements are known from the prior art as components of armature shafts, which are arranged on the end side of the commutator on the side facing away from the armature coils in the joining direction of the armature shafts and can remain in the electric motor or in the windshield wiper motor after assembly. When the armature shaft is engaged, an end surface of the carbon brush facing the armature shaft comes into contact with the additional element and is pressed outward in the axial direction by the additional element. In this case, depending on the size of the angle at the additional element, an undesirably high load may be generated on the end face of the carbon brush, particularly when the additional element impacts the end face of the carbon brush at a high speed or with a large impulse at the time of assembly.

Disclosure of Invention

An advantage of a carbon brush holder plate for an electric motor according to the invention having the features of claim 1 is that the positioning of the axial recession of the carbon brushes can be achieved without additional separate parts during assembly of the electric motor or during axial engagement of the armature shaft with the carbon brush holder plate.

The invention is based on the following idea: the spring element, which is present to exert the required contact pressure of the carbon brush against the commutator, is arranged to be operatively connected to a lateral surface of the carbon brush in the assembly position such that the carbon brush is pushed in its guide element by the spring pretensioning of the spring element in the direction of a side wall of the respective guide element which is opposite the spring element, wherein the contact pressure caused by the spring element is so high that a friction-fit connection is formed between the carbon brush and the guide element, which friction-fit connection holds the carbon brush in a position in which an end face of the carbon brush facing the commutator is arranged spaced apart from the armature shaft or the commutator. Advantageous developments of the carbon brush holder plate for an electric motor according to the invention are set forth in the dependent claims. All combinations of at least two of the features disclosed in the claims, the description and/or the drawings fall within the scope of the invention.

A release device is provided for enabling the carbon brushes to be moved from a position in which they are spaced apart from the commutator to contact the commutator in an abutting manner during assembly of the electric motor. The release device has a contact element which can be brought into contact with a second end face of the carbon brush facing away from the commutator, and which, when the contact element is in contact with the second end face and is moved further, displaces the carbon brush in the guide element in the direction of the longitudinal axis toward the commutator, so that the spring element can be brought into operative connection with the second end face of the carbon brush.

In a further embodiment, the second end face of the carbon brush and/or the contact element of the release device are arranged at an oblique angle relative to the longitudinal axis or have a chamfer in the contact region between the carbon brush and the contact element. This embodiment results in a continuous, i.e., smooth running of the spring elements in the direction of the second end face of the carbon brush when the carbon brush is displaced in the longitudinal direction in the guide element, and furthermore, the spring elements can follow the geometry of the carbon brush in a particularly simple manner when the spring elements sweep or move along the carbon brush over the carbon brush, and flaking and the like of the carbon brush can be avoided.

In order to be able to move the contact elements of the release device along the carbon brushes as desired, it is provided that the contact elements are arranged elastically at the release device by means of spring sections. Furthermore, a configuration of this type makes it possible to design the release device in one piece in the form of a plastic injection-molded part in a particularly simple manner.

In a further preferred refinement of the last proposal, which makes possible a particularly simple, cost-effective and precise production of the carbon brush holder plate and of the release device, it is proposed that the carbon brush holder plate is made of plastic and the contact elements are integrally formed at the carbon brush holder plate by means of spring sections.

In order to be able to carry out a targeted movement of the contact element at the carbon brush, which movement is dependent on the assembly of the components of the electric motor, it is provided that the release device has a follower element, which is arranged in operative connection with the contact element. The follower element is typically in abutting contact with a mating element (for example a motor housing) when the individual parts of the electric motor are assembled and is moved together in a manner corresponding to the movement of the motor housing when the motor housing is assembled, as a result of which the contact element simultaneously causes a movement of the carbon brushes in the guide element in the desired manner.

In order to avoid damage to the carbon brushes (which could lead to flaking or the like), in particular when the spring element is moved along the surface of the carbon brushes, it is also preferably provided that the spring element has a contact section of curved design, which can abut a lateral surface of the carbon brushes and a second end face of the commutator facing away from the armature. During the movement of the carbon brush in the guide element, the contact section of the bent configuration slides along the lateral surface of the carbon brush and then penetrates into the region of the second end face of the carbon brush.

The invention also relates to an electric motor having an armature comprising a commutator and a carbon brush holder plate designed in the manner according to the invention.

In order to be able to positively actuate the release device or bring the carbon brushes into contact with the commutator when assembling the components of the electric motor, in a preferred embodiment of the electric motor, it is provided that the electric motor has a motor housing which can be connected to the gear housing and at which an actuating section is provided which can be positioned so as to bear against a movably arranged follower element of the release device.

The invention also includes a windshield wiper motor having the electric motor described above.

The method for assembling a windscreen wiper motor according to the invention is provided with at least the following assembly steps: first, the carbon brush holder plate is preassembled at the transmission housing of the windshield wiper motor, wherein the carbon brushes are arranged in an assembly position spaced apart from the commutator of the electric motor. Subsequently, the armature and the motor housing are axially joined in the direction of the gear housing, wherein the armature moves past the carbon brushes at a distance. Finally, the actuating section of the motor housing is brought into contact with and moved relative to the follower element of the release device, wherein the carbon brush is moved in the guide element in the direction of the commutator, and wherein the spring element is brought into contact with a second end side of the carbon brush facing away from the commutator, and presses the carbon brush against the commutator.

Drawings

Further advantages, features and details of the invention will emerge from the following description of a preferred embodiment and from the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 shows the basic components of a windshield wiper motor in an exploded view;

fig. 2 is a perspective view showing basic parts of a carbon brush holder plate according to the present invention;

fig. 3 shows a top view of the carbon brush holder plate according to fig. 2 in a preassembly position, in which the carbon brushes are arranged in a locked position spaced apart from the commutator of the electric motor;

figure 4 shows a section in the plane IV-IV of figure 3;

fig. 5 shows a plan view of the carbon brush holder plate according to the illustration of fig. 3, in which unlocking of the carbon brush takes place;

FIG. 6 shows a cross-section in plane VI-VI of FIG. 5;

fig. 7 to 9 respectively show in perspective view the carbon brush holder plate according to fig. 2 during various stages of the assembly of the electric motor;

FIG. 10 shows a side view of a subregion of the windshield wiper motor of FIG. 1; and is

Fig. 11 shows the detail of fig. 10 in an enlarged view in the final assembled state of the windshield wiper motor.

In the figures, identical elements or elements having an equivalent function are provided with the same reference symbols, respectively.

Detailed Description

Fig. 1 shows the basic components of a windshield wiper motor 100 for wiping a vehicle glass. The windshield wiper motor 100 includes an electric motor 10 that can be flanged to a transmission housing 12. Extending from the transmission housing 12 is a driven shaft 13 which can be connected at least indirectly to the windscreen wipers. The transmission housing 12 can be closed on the side opposite the output shaft 13 by a transmission cover 14, wherein the windshield wiper motor 100 can be connected simultaneously to the body of the vehicle via a connecting region 15 arranged on the transmission cover 14. A transmission 16 comprising a transmission gear 17 is arranged in the interior of the transmission housing 12, wherein the transmission gear 17 can be driven by the electric motor 10 via a toothing arranged at the outer circumference of the transmission gear 17.

The electric motor 10 has an armature 20 whose armature coils (not shown) are connected to the armature segments 19 of the commutator 21. The commutator 21 is an integral part of the commutator. The armature 20 further comprises an armature shaft 24 which, on the side facing the transmission housing 12, comprises a section with a worm-type toothing 26. In the assembled windshield wiper motor 100, the worm-type meshing portion 26 is used to mesh with or interact with the tooth portion at the transmission gear 17. For this purpose, the armature shaft 24 projects at least through the region of the worm toothing 26 into the interior of the transmission housing 12 as far as into the region of the toothing of the transmission gear 17.

The electric motor 10 also comprises a motor housing 28, which is referred to as a cup-shaped pole housing, is usually made of sheet metal and is produced by deep-drawing methods, and which can be connected to the transmission housing 12 by means of fastening screws 29 via threaded holes 30 provided on the transmission housing 12.

The electric motor 10 includes a carbon brush holder plate 50 shown in detail in fig. 2. The assembly of the electric motor 10 described above is explained with reference to fig. 1, essentially carried out as follows: with the carbon brush holder plate 50 preassembled at the transmission housing 12, the armature 20 together with the motor housing 28 together with the section of the armature shaft 24 with the worm toothing 26 is connected axially forward in the direction of the arrow 31 to the transmission housing 12. The armature shaft 24 is guided through a through-opening 51 formed at the carbon brush holder plate 50 until the armature 20 reaches an axial position in which the commutator 21 of the armature 20 is at the level of the carbon brush holder plate 50. Finally, the motor housing 28 is assembled to the transmission housing 12 by screws, and the transmission cover 14 is fastened to the transmission housing 12.

When assembling the electric motor 10 or the armature 20 at the transmission housing 12, it is important that the carbon brushes 52, 53 arranged in the region of the carbon brush holder plate 50 as a component of the commutator are arranged by the first end faces 54 of the carbon brushes 52, 53 facing the commutator 21 in an assembly position spaced apart from the commutator 21 of the armature 20, in which assembly position the first end faces 54 cannot come into abutting contact with the armature shaft 24 and the web 19 of the commutator 21. Thereby, collision of the carbon brushes 52, 53 with the constituent parts of the armature 20 is avoided, and thus damage or damage to the carbon brushes 52, 53 is avoided.

During the insertion of the armature 20 into the transmission housing 12, starting from this assembly position, for operating the electric motor 10 or the windshield wiper motor 100, the carbon brushes 52, 53 must be brought into an operating state in which the first end faces 54 of the carbon brushes 52, 53 are in abutting contact with the web portions 19 of the commutator 21. For this purpose, the carbon brush holder plate 50 has a special design, as will be explained in more detail below.

The carbon brush holder plate 50 shown in fig. 2 is made of plastic and is designed as an injection molded part. The carbon brush holder plate 50 has a guide element 55 for each carbon brush 52, 53, which is integrally formed with the carbon brush holder plate 50 and has an opening cross section 56 that is adapted to the outer cross section of the carbon brush 52, 53 and is configured in particular as a rectangle or a square.

The carbon brushes 52, 53 are arranged so as to be displaceable in the direction of the longitudinal axis 57 of the guide element 55 or the carbon brushes 52, 53 in the guide element 55, respectively. As can be seen from fig. 2, the guide elements 55 open in the region of the through-opening 51 in an exemplary manner such that, when the commutator 21 is positioned so as to axially coincide with the first end faces 54 of the carbon brushes 52, 53, the first end faces 54 of the carbon brushes 52, 53 projecting from the opening cross section 56 in the direction toward the through-opening 51 can be arranged to contact the web portions 19 of the commutator 21 of the armature 20 in an abutting manner, wherein the axial coincidence is an axial position with respect to the longitudinal axis 32 of the armature shaft 24 which is visible in fig. 1.

In addition to the first end face 54 facing the commutator 21, on the side opposite the first end face 54, each carbon brush 52, 53 also has a second end face 59 and four lateral surfaces, wherein a lateral surface 61 located on the side facing away from the spring element 62 is of particular importance for understanding the invention.

Fig. 2 also shows a connecting strand 63 of the carbon brushes 52, 53, which is connected, for example, via a choke 64 to a connecting port 65, via which the electric motor 10 is electrically controlled again via a connecting plug 33 arranged on the transmission housing 12.

The spring element 62 has a section 66 comprising a plurality of spirals, by means of which the spring element 62 is positioned by means of a pin-shaped projection 67 arranged at the carbon brush holder plate 50. The spring element 62 is designed as a torsion coil spring (schenkelfoder) and has at least one spring section 68 which projects away from the section 66 and has a circularly curved end section 69 as a contact section, wherein the end section 69 is designed for interacting with the lateral surface 60 of the carbon brush 52, 53 opposite the lateral surface 61 and the second end face 59.

Furthermore, a release device 70 is integrally formed on the carbon brush holder plate 50, which release device 70 has for each carbon brush 52, 53 a substantially rigid contact element 71 which is connected to the outer circumference of the carbon brush holder plate 50 by a spring section 72 (fig. 7 to 9) of elastic design. In the region of the contact elements 71, the release device 70 also has a follower element 73, which protrudes radially outward relative to the carbon brush holder plate 50.

As can be seen in particular from the illustration in fig. 4 and 6, the contact element 71 has a contact surface 74 on the side facing the carbon brushes 52, 53, which is arranged at an angle α of, for example, between 10 ° and 45 ° with respect to a plane extending perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 57. The second end face 59 also has a chamfer 79 on the side facing the contact element 71, which chamfer is substantially identical to the contact surface 74 (gegengleich).

As can be seen from fig. 10 and 11, on the side facing the transmission housing 12, the motor housing 28 has a section 75 as an actuating section, which is flanged around in a manner and is arranged such that, when the section 75 engages the motor housing 28 axially in the direction of the transmission housing 12, it comes into abutting contact with the follower element 73 in the direction of the arrow 76 (fig. 10) and in the process moves the follower element 73 together with the contact element 71 of the release device 70 until the follower element 73 is arranged in a recess 77, which is formed in the region of the transmission housing 12, wherein the section 75 simultaneously bears axially against the carbon brush holder plate 50 and the transmission housing 12, and the motor housing 28 has thereby already reached its final position in the transmission housing 12.

Fig. 3, 4 and 7 show the mentioned assembly position of the carbon brush holder plate 50, in which the first end faces 54 of the carbon brushes 52, 53 are in a position in which they are spaced apart from the web 19 of the commutator 21. In this position, the end sections 69 of the spring elements 62 contact the lateral surfaces 60 of the carbon brushes 52, 53 in an abutting manner. Due to the spring force of the spring element 62, this causes the carbon brushes 52, 53 to press against the wall of the guide element 55 facing away from the lateral surface 60 in the guide element 55, so that a friction-fit connection 78 is formed between the guide element 55 and the carbon brushes 52, 53. The friction-fit connection 78 must have a frictional resistance of such a magnitude that the carbon brushes 52, 53 cannot be unintentionally displaced in the direction of the longitudinal axis 32 of the armature shaft 24, i.e. in the direction of the commutator 21.

Furthermore, it can be seen from fig. 4 that, in the assembled position, the contact surface 74 of the contact element 71 is spaced apart from the second end face 59 of the carbon brush 52, 53 or does not come into abutting contact therewith. As soon as the armature shaft 24 or the armature 20 has reached its axial end position, in which the web 19 of the commutator 21 is at the level of the guide element 55 or the first end face 54 of the carbon brushes 52, 53, the assembly of the motor housing 28 causes the release device 70 to be released or actuated as a result of the abutting contact of the section 75 of the motor housing 28 with the follower element 73. As a result, according to the illustrations in fig. 5, 6, 8 and 9, the contact surfaces 74 of the contact elements 71 come into abutting contact with the second end faces 59 of the carbon brushes 52 and 53 and, upon further displacement of the contact elements 71, displace the carbon brushes in the direction of the longitudinal axis 57 of the guide element 55 in the direction of the commutator 21. This in turn results in that the end section 69 of the spring element 62, which is initially located in the region of the lateral surface 60, enters from the lateral surface 60 into the region of the second end face 59 of the carbon brush 52, 53, as shown in fig. 8 and 9. As soon as this is the case, the spring force of the spring element 62 on the end section 69 is used to bring the carbon brushes 52, 53 into contact with the web 19 of the commutator 21 by their first end faces 54 in an abutting manner, thereby completing the assembly process with a view to the formation of the commutator or the electrical contact of the carbon brushes 52, 53.

The above-described carbon brush holder plate 50 or the electric motor 10 may be changed or modified in various ways without departing from the concept of the present invention.

List of reference numerals

10 electric motor

12 Transmission housing

13 driven shaft

14 Transmission cover

15 connection region

16 driving device

17 drive gear

19 piece part

20 armature

21 commutator

24 armature shaft

26-worm type meshing section

28 Motor casing

29 fastening screw

30 screw hole

31 arrow head

32 longitudinal axis

33 connecting plug

50 carbon brush frame plate

51 through opening

52. 53 carbon brush

54 first end face

55 guide element

56 open cross section

57 longitudinal axis

59 second end face

60 lateral surface

61 lateral surface

62 spring element

63 connecting twisted wire

64 suppression choke

65 connection port

Section 66

67 bump

68 spring section

69 end section

70 Release device

71 contact element

72 spring section

73 follow-up element

74 contact surface

75 section (c)

76 arrow head

77 recess

78 friction fit connection

79 chamfering

100 windshield wiper motor