阅读说明：本技术 波束管理系统和方法 (Beam management system and method ) 是由 A·尼尔松 F·阿特莱 于 2017-06-05 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种UE RX波束训练过程,其中配置用户设备(UE),以使得UE不仅基于使用第一TX波束发送的第一参考信号(RS1)的测量而且还基于使用第二TX波束发送的第二参考信号(RS2)的测量来选择UE RX波束。例如,可以向UE提供“干扰”信息,该干扰信息指示UE应该视为干扰的一个或多个参考信号。这些建议的优势在于,不仅可以基于最大化接收功率而且还可以通过考虑所预测的干扰来确定UE RX波束,这能够导致更高的服务质量和/或更高的吞吐量。(A UE RX beam training procedure, wherein a User Equipment (UE) is configured such that the UE selects a UE RX beam based not only on measurements of a first reference signal (RS1) transmitted using a first TX beam, but also on measurements of a second reference signal (RS2) transmitted using a second TX beam. For example, the UE may be provided with "interference" information indicating one or more reference signals that the UE should consider as interfering. The advantage of these proposals is that the UE RX beam can be determined not only based on maximizing the received power but also by taking into account the predicted interference, which can lead to higher quality of service and/or higher throughput.)

1. A method performed by a user equipment, UE, (102) for beam management, the method comprising:

receiving both a first reference signal RS1 and a second reference signal RS2 using a first receive RX beam, wherein the first TX beam is used to transmit RS1 and the second TX beam is used to transmit RS 2;

generating a first power value P1 indicative of the power of RS1 received using the first RX beam;

generating a second power value P2 indicative of the power of RS2 received using the first RX beam;

calculating a first value V1 using P1 and P2 as inputs to the calculation; and

selecting an RX beam from a set of candidate RX beams using the calculated first value V1, wherein the set of candidate RX beams includes the first RX beam.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

receiving both RS1 and RS2 using a second RX beam;

generating a third power value P3 indicative of the power of RS1 received using the second RX beam;

generating a fourth power value P4 indicative of the power of RS2 received using the second RX beam;

calculating a second value V2 using P3 and P4 as inputs to the calculation; and

selecting an RX beam from a set of candidate RX beams using both V1 and V2, wherein the set of candidate RX beams further includes the second RX beam.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein selecting an RX beam from the set of candidate RX beams using both V1 and V2 comprises: v1 was compared to V2.

4. The method of claim 2 or 3, wherein:

calculating V1 includes: calculating V1 ═ P1/(P2+ N1), wherein N1 is the determined noise value and N1 is greater than or equal to zero; and

calculating V2 includes: calculate V2 ═ P3/(P4+ N2), where N2 is the determined noise value and N2 is greater than or equal to zero.

5. The method of claim 2 or 4, wherein selecting an RX beam from the set of candidate RX beams using both V1 and V2 comprises:

comparing V1 with V2 to determine which is larger; and

performing one of: i) select the first RX beam as a result of determining that V1 is greater than V2, and ii) select the second RX beam as a result of determining that V2 is greater than V1.

6. The method of any of claims 1 to 5, further comprising:

the UE receives a message sent by a network node, the message including a) information identifying resources for sending RS2 and b) information indicating that the UE treats RS2 as an interfering signal.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein:

the message further includes a) information identifying resources for sending RS1 and b) information such that the UE does not consider RS1 as an interfering signal.

8. The method of claim 6 or 7, wherein the message is one of: i) a downlink control information DCI message sent using a physical downlink control channel PDDCH, ii) a radio resource control RRC message, and iii) a medium access control MAC message.

9. The method of any of claims 1 to 5, further comprising:

the UE obtains from a local storage unit (808) information that a) identifies resources for transmitting RS2 and b) indicates that the UE treats RS2 as an interfering signal.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the information obtained from the local storage unit further comprises a) information identifying resources for transmitting RS1 and b) information that causes the UE not to treat RS1 as an interfering signal.

11. The method of any one of claims 1 to 10,

generating P1 includes: determining a reference signal received power, RSRP, of RS1, an

Generating P2 includes: the RSRP of RS2 is determined.

12. A user equipment, UE, (102), the UE (102) comprising:

a local storage unit (808); and

a data processing apparatus (802) coupled to the local storage unit, wherein the data processing apparatus is configured to:

receiving both a first reference signal RS1 and a second reference signal RS2 using a first receive RX beam, wherein the first TX beam is used to transmit RS1 and the second TX beam is used to transmit RS 2;

generating a first power value P1 indicative of the power of RS1 received using the first RX beam;

generating a second power value P2 indicative of the power of RS2 received using the first RX beam;

calculating a first value V1 using P1 and P2 as inputs to the calculation; and

selecting an RX beam from a set of candidate RX beams using the calculated first value V1, wherein the set of candidate RX beams includes the first RX beam.

13. A user equipment, UE, (102), the UE (102) being adapted to:

receiving both a first reference signal RS1 and a second reference signal RS2 using a first receive RX beam, wherein the first TX beam is used to transmit RS1 and the second TX beam is used to transmit RS 2;

generating a first power value P1 indicative of the power of RS1 received using the first RX beam;

generating a second power value P2 indicative of the power of RS2 received using the first RX beam;

calculating a first value V1 using P1 and P2 as inputs to the calculation; and

selecting an RX beam from a set of candidate RX beams using the calculated first value V1, wherein the set of candidate RX beams includes the first RX beam.

14. A user equipment, UE, (102), the UE (102) comprising:

a receiving module (602) configured to receive both a first reference signal, RS1, and a second reference signal, RS2, with a first receive RX beam for transmitting RS1 and a second TX beam for transmitting RS 2;

a power value generation module (604) configured to generate i) a first power value P1 indicative of power of RS1 received using the first RX beam and ii) a second power value P2 indicative of power of RS2 received using the first RX beam;

a calculation module (606) configured to calculate a first value V1 using P1 and P2 as inputs to the calculation; and

an RX beam selection module (608) configured to select an RX beam from a set of candidate RX beams, including the first RX beam, using the calculated first value V1.

15. A computer program comprising instructions which, when executed on at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to carry out the method according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

16. A carrier comprising the computer program of claim 15, wherein the carrier is one of an electronic signal, optical signal, radio signal, or computer readable storage medium.

Technical Field

Embodiments for beam management are disclosed.

Background

The next generation mobile wireless communication system, referred to as "5G", will support a wide variety of use cases and a wide variety of deployment scenarios. 5G will contain the evolution of today's 4G networks and the addition of new globally standardized radio access technologies, known as "new radios" (NR).

A wide variety of deployment scenarios include deployments at both low frequencies (hundreds of MHz), similar to LTE today, and very high frequencies (tens of GHz of mm-waves). At high frequencies, the propagation characteristics make achieving good coverage challenging. One solution to the coverage problem is to employ beamforming (e.g., high gain beamforming) to achieve a satisfactory link budget.

Beamforming (also known as precoding) is an important technique in future radio communication systems. It can improve performance by: increase received signal strength to improve coverage and reduce unnecessary interference to improve capacity. Beamforming may be applied in both the transmitter and the receiver.

In a transmitter, beamforming involves configuring the transmitter to transmit signals in a particular direction (or directions) rather than in other directions. In a receiver, beamforming involves configuring the receiver to receive signals from a particular direction (or directions) rather than from other directions. When beamforming is applied in both a transmitter and a receiver for a given communication link, the combination of a beam used by the transmitter to transmit signals to the receiver and a beam used by the receiver to receive signals is referred to as a Beam Pair Link (BPL). In general, the beamforming gain is related to the width of the beam used: a relatively narrow beam provides more gain than a wider beam. BPL may be defined for the Downlink (DL) and Uplink (UL) separately or jointly based on reciprocity assumptions.

For a more detailed description of beamforming, beamforming weights are generally discussed rather than beams. On the transmit side, the signals to be transmitted are multiplied by beamforming weights (e.g., complex constants) before being assigned to the individual antenna elements. Having separate beamforming weights for each antenna element allows the transmit beam to be shaped with maximum freedom if a fixed antenna array is given. Accordingly, on the receiving side, the received signals from each antenna element are multiplied by a beamforming weight, respectively, before combining the signals. However, in the context of this document, the description is easier to understand if a somewhat simplified concept of beams pointing in a particular physical direction is employed.

Beamforming typically requires some form of beam management, such as beam searching, beam refinement, and/or beam tracking, to determine the UL and/or DL Transmit (TX) and Receive (RX) beams to be used for communication between two units. Typically, the two units are a Radio Access Network (RAN) Transmission and Reception Point (TRP) (e.g., a base station) and a User Equipment (UE) (i.e., a device capable of wireless communication with the TRP, such as a smartphone, tablet, sensor, smart appliance (or other internet of things (IoT) device), etc.).

Typically, beam searching is used to discover and maintain BPL. It is contemplated that the network uses measurements of downlink reference signals, e.g., Channel State Information (CSI) reference signals (CSI-RS), for beam management to discover and monitor BPL. The CSI-RSs for beam management may be transmitted periodically, semi-persistently, or aperiodically (e.g., event triggered), and they may be shared among multiple UEs or UE specific. To find a suitable TRP TX beam, the TRP sends CSI-RSs in different TRP TX beams for which the UE performs Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) measurements to generate CSI-RSRP values (as is well known in the art), and rewards N best TRP TX beams (where the value of N may be configured by the network). Furthermore, CSI-RS transmissions on a given TRP TX beam may be repeated to allow the UE to evaluate the appropriate UE RX beam, thus enabling so-called UE RX beam training. The TRP may establish a beam training procedure with the UE by transmitting a beam training configuration.

It is expected that multi-user multiple input multiple output (MU-MIMO) will become a key technology component in 5G. The purpose of MU-MIMO is to serve multiple UEs simultaneously in the same time, frequency and code resources and in this way increase the capacity of the system. Proper beamforming settings at the UE are expected to greatly improve performance of MU-MIMO.

Disclosure of Invention

During conventional UE RX beam training, it is expected that the UE RX beam will be determined by selecting the following RX beams: the RX beam produces the highest RSRP measurement relative to an RX beam training reference signal sent to the UE (e.g., sent to the UE using the TRP TX beam selected for the UE). However, for MU-MIMO, selecting the UE RX beam based only on the RSRP of the reference signal may be suboptimal, since in MU-MIMO, inter-user interference may be significant. Thus, for a first UE, it is advantageous to consider not only the power level of the beam training reference signals, but also the interference caused by reference signals transmitted to a second UE (e.g., UEs neighboring the first UE).

It is therefore proposed herein to configure the UE such that the UE selects a UE RX beam based not only on measurements of a first reference signal (RS1) transmitted using a first TX beam but also on measurements of a second reference signal (RS2) transmitted using a second TX beam. For example, the UE may be provided with "interference" information indicating one or more reference signals that the UE should consider as interfering. The advantage of these proposals is that the UE RX beam can be determined not only based on maximizing the received power but also by taking into account the predicted interference, which can lead to higher quality of service and/or higher throughput.

Accordingly, in one aspect, a method performed by a UE for beam management is provided. The method comprises the following steps: the UE receives two reference signals (RS1 and RS2) using a first RX beam for a first time period, wherein the first TX beam is used to transmit RS1 and the second TX beam is used to transmit RS 2. The method further comprises: the UE receives RS1 and RS2 using a second RX beam during a second time period, wherein the first TX beam is used to transmit RS1 and the second TX beam is used to transmit RS 2. The method further comprises: generating a first power value (P1) indicative of power of RS1 received using the first RX beam; generating a second power value (P2) indicative of the power of RS2 received using the first RX beam; calculating a first value (V1) using P1 and P2 as inputs to the calculation; and selecting an RX beam from a set of candidate RX beams using the calculated first value (V1), wherein the set of candidate RX beams includes the first RX beam.

In certain embodiments, the method further comprises: generating a third power value (P3) indicative of the power of RS1 received using the second RX beam; generating a fourth power value (P4) indicative of the power of RS2 received using the second RX beam; calculating a second value (V2) using P3 and P4 as inputs to the calculating; and selecting an RX beam from a set of candidate RX beams using both V1 and V2, wherein the set of candidate RX beams further includes the second RX beam. In certain embodiments, the power values (P1-P4) generated by the UE are RSRP values. That is, for example, the UE generates P1 by determining RSRP of RS1, and generates P2 by determining RSRP of RS 2.

In certain embodiments, selecting an RX beam from the set of candidate RX beams using both V1 and V2 comprises: v1 was compared to V2. In certain embodiments, calculating V1 includes calculating V1 ═ P1/(P2+ N1), where N1 is the determined noise value and N1 is greater than or equal to zero; and calculating V2 includes calculating V2 ═ P3/(P4+ N2), where N2 is the determined noise value and N2 is greater than or equal to zero. That is, in certain embodiments, each of V1 and V2 is an SINR value.

In certain embodiments, selecting an RX beam from the set of candidate RX beams using both V1 and V2 comprises: comparing V1 with V2 to determine which is larger; and performing one of: i) select the first RX beam as a result of determining that V1 is greater than V2, and ii) select the second RX beam as a result of determining that V2 is greater than V1.

In certain embodiments, the method further comprises: the UE receives a message sent by a network node, the message including a) information identifying resources for sending RS2 and b) information indicating that the UE treats RS2 as an interfering signal. The message may further include information a) identifying resources for transmitting RS1 and b) causing the UE to not consider RS1 as an interfering signal (e.g., RS1 as a "desired" signal). The message may be one of the following: i) a Downlink Control Information (DCI) message transmitted using a physical downlink control channel (PDDCH), ii) a Radio Resource Control (RRC) message, and iii) a Medium Access Control (MAC) message.

In certain embodiments, the method further comprises: the UE obtains from a local storage unit a) information identifying resources for transmitting RS2 and b) information indicating that the UE treats RS2 as an interfering signal. The information obtained from the local storage unit may further include information a) identifying resources for transmitting RS1 and b) causing the UE not to treat RS1 as an interfering signal.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein and form a part of the specification, illustrate various embodiments. These figures are:

FIG. 1 illustrates a system according to one embodiment;

fig. 2 illustrates an RX beam training process;

FIG. 3 is a message flow diagram according to one embodiment;

FIG. 4 is a flow diagram illustrating a process according to one embodiment;

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a UE according to one embodiment;

fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating functional modules of a UE according to one embodiment.

Detailed Description

Fig. 1 illustrates a system 100 that includes a network node 106 (also referred to as a TRP 106) that wirelessly communicates with UEs 102 and 104 and provides UEs 102 and 104 with access to a network 110 (e.g., the internet and/or other networks), according to one exemplary use case. Fig. 1 further illustrates a TRP TX beam training procedure performed to find a suitable TRP TX beam for each of UE102 and UE 104. As shown, during this process, UEs 102/104 employ wide beams 191 and 192, respectively, in order to produce as omni-directional coverage as possible and in this way provide a fair evaluation of the different TRP TX beams 180.

After the TRP TX beam has been found, a UE RX beam training procedure is performed by the UE102 and the UE104 such that each UE selects an appropriate UE RX beam. This is shown in fig. 2. Referring to fig. 2, the network node 106 repeatedly transmits reference signals (e.g., CSI-RSs) in the TRP TX beam 201 selected for the UE102, thereby enabling the UE102 to evaluate different UE RX beams (e.g., UE RX beams 211, 212, and 213). Likewise, for the UE104, the network node 106 repeatedly transmits reference signals (e.g., CSI-RSs) in the TRP TX beam 202 selected for the UE104, thereby enabling the UE104 to evaluate different UE RX beams (e.g., UE RX beams 221, 222, and 223).

In a conventional UE RX beam training procedure, the UE determines which candidate RX beam is the best RX beam based solely on measurements of received reference signal power (e.g., RSRP measurements, as is well known in the art), and thus selects the UE RX beam directed to the network node 106. Specifically, UE102 will select beam 213 and UE104 will select beam 221. However, these selected beams may be suboptimal because in the case of MU-MIMO transmission, they may be more susceptible to inter-user interference than another candidate beam.

To overcome this problem, the network node 106 performs UE beam training for both UEs in common. That is, for example, the network node 106 repeatedly transmits a first reference signal (RS1) on beam 201 while transmitting a second reference signal (RS2) on beam 102, and each UE is configured with information such that the UE102 sees RS2 as interference and the UE104 sees RS1 as interference. RS1 and RS2 may be the same or different reference signals, but they are transmitted using different resources (e.g., different subcarriers).

In this case, each UE102/104 may determine the best UE RX beam from a set of candidate RX beams using the two reference signals (RS1 and RS 2). For example, each UE may select the UE RX beam that produces the highest estimated SINR from the two TRP TX beams instead of only producing the highest RSRP, which can improve MU-MIMO performance. In this scenario, UE102 may select RX beam 212 as the best beam instead of beam 213, and UE104 may select RX beam 222 instead of beam 221. That is, two UEs may select UE RX beams that are partially away from the network node in order to reduce inter-user interference. This may occur, for example, when there is a strong reflection in a direction different from the line-of-sight (LOS) direction of the TRP to the network node 106.

As described above, each respective UE must know which reference signal(s) should be considered as interference and which reference signal(s) should not be considered as interference. In certain embodiments, this is achieved by having the network node 106 provide this information to the UEs 102 and 104, as shown in fig. 3. In other embodiments, this information may be preconfigured in the UE.

As shown in fig. 3, the network node 106 determines a beam scanning configuration for each UE. Next, the network node 106 sends a first beam sweep configuration message ("beam sweep configuration 1") to the UE102, which contains information indicating which of the two reference signals (RS1 and RS2) the UE102 should treat as interference and which should not; and also to send a second beam sweep configuration message ("beam sweep configuration 2") to the UE104 that contains information indicating which of the two reference signals should be considered interference by the UE104 and which should not be considered interference. That is, for example, the first beam scanning configuration message includes a) information identifying resources for transmitting RS2 (e.g., one or more Resource Elements (REs) for transmitting RS2) and b) information causing the UE102 to treat RS2 as an interfering signal, and the second beam scanning configuration message includes a) information identifying resources for transmitting RS1 and b) information causing the UE104 to treat RS1 as an interfering signal.

Each beam scanning configuration message may also contain information about how many times the two RSs are repeated so that each UE knows how many different UE RX beams it can evaluate (i.e., so each UE can determine the number of UE RX beams that should be included in a set of candidate RX beams).

In a next step, the network node 106 transmits two RSs simultaneously (e.g., two RSs may be transmitted in the same subframe, slot, or symbol) according to the beam scanning configuration, and each UE performs its UE RX beam scanning. During UE RX beam scanning, each UE evaluates each RX beam included in the set of candidate beams. In such a scenario, when the UE evaluates an RX beam, the UE performs measurements (e.g., power measurements) for two transmitted RSs (RS1 and RS2) and uses the two power measurements to calculate a value (e.g., SINR value) that is then assigned to the RX beam being evaluated. After all candidate RX beams have been evaluated, the "best" RX beam is selected. For example, the UE compares the values assigned to each RX beam and selects the RX beam with the highest assigned value (e.g., the RX beam that produces the highest SINR). In an optional step, the UE signals back to the network node 106 Channel State Information (CSI) of the selected UE RX beam. Based on the CSI, the network node may determine a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS), rank, etc. for the upcoming MU-MIMO transmission.

Fig. 4 is a flow diagram illustrating a process 400 performed by the UE102, in accordance with certain embodiments. In certain embodiments, process 400 may begin at step s402, which is an optional step in which UE102 i) receives a message that includes a) information identifying resources for transmitting RS2 and b) information that causes UE102 to treat RS2 as an interfering signal; or ii) retrieve such information from a local storage unit. In certain embodiments, the information obtained in step s402 further includes information a) identifying resources for transmitting RS1 and b) causing the UE102 not to consider RS1 as an interfering signal (i.e., the UE102 considers RS1 as a beam training reference signal). In some embodiments, where the UE102 receives a message including this information, the message may be one of the following: i) a first Downlink Control Information (DCI) message transmitted using a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH), ii) a first Radio Resource Control (RRC) message, and iii) a first Medium Access Control (MAC) message.

In step s404, the UE102 receives RS2 and RS1 using a first RX beam for a first time period, wherein the first TX beam is used for transmitting RS1 and the second TX beam is used for transmitting RS 2. Next (step s406), the UE102 receives RS2 and RS1 using a second RX beam during a second time period, wherein the first TX beam is used to transmit RS1 and the second TX beam is used to transmit RS 2. In step s408, the UE102 generates a first power value (P1) indicating the power of the RS1 received using the first RX beam, and further generates a second power value (P2) indicating the power of the RS2 received using the first RX beam. In step s410, the UE102 calculates a first value (V1) using P1 and P2 as inputs to the calculation. In step s416, the UE102 selects an RX beam from a set of candidate RX beams, wherein the set of candidate RX beams includes the first RX beam. In this embodiment, in step s416, the UE102 selects an RX beam from a set of candidate RX beams using at least V1.

In some embodiments, process 400 further includes: the UE102 generates a third power value (P3) indicating the power of the RS1 received using the second RX beam and a fourth power value (P4) indicating the power of the RS2 received using the second RX beam (step s 412); and the UE102 calculates a second value (V2) using P3 and P4 as inputs to the calculation (step s 414). In this embodiment, in step s416, the UE102 selects an RX beam from the set of candidate RX beams using both V1 and V2, wherein the set of candidate RX beams further includes the second RX beam. In certain embodiments, selecting an RX beam from the set of candidate RX beams using both V1 and V2 includes comparing V1 to V2. In certain embodiments, the power values (P1-P4) generated by the UE102 are RSRP values. That is, for example, the UE102 generates P1 by determining RSRP of RS1, and generates P2 by determining RSRP of RS 2.

In certain embodiments, calculating V1 includes calculating V1 ═ P1/(P2+ N1), where N1 is the determined noise value and N1 is greater than or equal to zero; and calculating V2 includes calculating V2 ═ P3/(P4+ N2), where N2 is the determined noise value and N2 is greater than or equal to zero. That is, in certain embodiments, each of V1 and V2 is an SINR value.

In some embodiments, selecting an RX beam from the set of candidate RX beams using both V1 and V2 comprises: comparing V1 with V2 to determine which is larger; and performing one of: i) select a first RX beam as a result of determining that V1 is greater than V2, and ii) select a second RX beam as a result of determining that V2 is greater than V1.

Fig. 5 is a block diagram of the UE102 according to some embodiments. As shown in fig. 5, UE102 may include: a Data Processing Apparatus (DPA)502, which may include one or more processors (P)555 (e.g., a general purpose microprocessor and/or one or more other processors, such as an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), etc.); network interface 548, which includes a transmitter (Tx)545 and a receiver (Rx)547 to enable a network node to transmit data to and receive data from other nodes connected to network 110 (e.g., an Internet Protocol (IP) network connected to network interface 548); circuitry 503 (e.g., radio transceiver circuitry) coupled to the antenna system 504 for wireless communication with the UEs; and a local storage unit (also referred to as a "data storage system") 508, which may include one or more non-volatile storage devices and/or one or more volatile storage devices (e.g., Random Access Memory (RAM)). In embodiments where the DPA 502 comprises a general purpose microprocessor, a Computer Program Product (CPP)541 may be provided. CPP 541 includes computer-readable medium (CRM)542, which stores Computer Program (CP)543 including computer-readable instructions (CRI) 544. CRM 542 may be a non-transitory computer readable medium such as, but not limited to, a magnetic medium (e.g., a hard disk), an optical medium, a storage device (e.g., a random access memory), and the like. In certain embodiments, the CRI 544 of the computer program 543 is configured such that when executed by the data processing apparatus 502, the CRI causes the UE102 to perform the steps described herein (e.g., the steps described herein with reference to the flowcharts and/or message flow diagrams). In other embodiments, the UE102 may be configured to perform the steps described herein without the need for code. That is, for example, DPA 502 may include only one or more ASICs. Thus, the features of the embodiments described herein may be implemented in hardware and/or software.

Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating functional modules of the UE102 according to some embodiments. As shown in fig. 6, UE102 includes a receiving module 602 configured to receive both RS1 and RS2 with a first RX beam for transmitting RS1 and a second TX beam for transmitting RS 2. UE102 further includes a power value generation module 604 configured to generate i) a first power value (P1) indicative of the power of RS1 received using the first RX beam, and ii) a second power value (P2) indicative of the power of RS2 received using the first RX beam. The UE102 also includes a calculation module 606 configured to calculate a first value (V1) using P1 and P2 as inputs to the calculation. The UE102 further comprises an RX beam selection module 608 configured to select an RX beam from a set of candidate RX beams using the calculated first value (V1), wherein the set of candidate RX beams includes the first RX beam.

While various embodiments of the present disclosure have been described herein, it should be understood that they have been presented by way of example only, and not limitation. Thus, the breadth and scope of the present disclosure should not be limited by any of the above-described exemplary embodiments. Moreover, this disclosure includes any combination of the above-described elements in all possible variations thereof unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context.

Further, although the processes described above and shown in the figures are shown as a series of steps, this is for illustration only. Thus, it is contemplated that some steps may be added, some steps may be omitted, the order of the steps may be rearranged, and some steps may be performed in parallel.