阅读说明：本技术 一种提升梗丝膨胀率和感官品质的加工工艺及专用辐照装置 (Processing technology for improving expansion rate and sensory quality of cut stems and special irradiation device ) 是由 乔学义 张同琢 陈亮 宁伟 单凯 赵新玉 袁子豪 叶秋明 徐波 王兵 孔臻 于 2019-11-11 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种提升梗丝膨胀率和感官品质的加工工艺,是将烟梗筛分除杂后,采用γ射线辐照装置进行辐照；将辐照后的烟梗进行回潮,调节烟梗含水率；回潮后的烟梗直接进行增温；增温后的烟梗进行压梗、切梗丝、加料,最后将加料后的梗丝输送至膨胀干燥工序干燥。本发明的优点在于：一是经过γ射线辐照处理后的烟梗组织结构疏松,经过回潮后无需贮梗,可以直接进行压梗和切丝,节约了贮梗的设备、建筑和时间成本,缩短了制梗丝工艺流程,显著提升了生产效率；二是纤维素、半纤维素、木质素等大分子物质含量降低后的烟梗品质得到显著改善；三是烟梗中的纤维素、半纤维素等细胞壁物质含量降低后,膨胀过程细胞壁阻力下降,就能达到较好的膨胀效果。(A processing technology for improving expansion rate and sensory quality of cut stems comprises screening tobacco stems to remove impurities, and irradiating with gamma-ray irradiation device; conditioning the irradiated tobacco stems, and adjusting the moisture content of the tobacco stems; directly heating the tobacco stalks after moisture regaining; and (3) pressing, cutting and feeding the tobacco stems after the temperature is increased, and finally conveying the fed tobacco stems to an expansion drying process for drying. The invention has the advantages that: firstly, the tobacco stems subjected to gamma ray irradiation treatment have loose tissue structures, and the tobacco stems do not need to be stored after being remoistened, so that the tobacco stems can be directly pressed and cut, the cost of equipment, construction and time for storing the tobacco stems is saved, the process flow for making the tobacco stems is shortened, and the production efficiency is obviously improved; the tobacco stem quality is remarkably improved after the content of macromolecular substances such as cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and the like is reduced; and thirdly, after the content of cell wall substances such as cellulose, hemicellulose and the like in the tobacco stems is reduced, the cell wall resistance is reduced in the expansion process, and a better expansion effect can be achieved.)

1. A processing technology for improving the expansion rate and sensory quality of cut stems is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

screening tobacco stems to remove impurities, and irradiating by adopting a gamma ray irradiation device;

conditioning the irradiated tobacco stems, and adjusting the moisture content of the tobacco stems to 25-35%;

directly heating the tobacco stalks after moisture regaining, and adjusting the temperature of the tobacco stalks to be more than 50 ℃;

pressing and cutting the tobacco stems after the temperature is increased to obtain cut stems with the thickness of 0.10-0.18 mm;

feeding the cut stem shreds, and adjusting the water content of the fed stem shreds to 27% -37%;

and finally, conveying the fed cut stems to an expansion drying process for drying, and adjusting the water content of the dried cut stems to 12-14.5%.

2. The process of claim 1, wherein: the gamma ray irradiation dose of the tobacco stems is 200-800kGy。

3. A special gamma-ray irradiation apparatus suitable for the process of claim 1, characterized in that: the device consists of an irradiation box body, a feeding mechanism and a discharging mechanism, wherein the feeding mechanism and the discharging mechanism are arranged to penetrate through the irradiation box body, and the irradiation box body comprises an inner box body and a coating layerThe radiation box comprises a shielding wall outside the inner box body, and an irradiation source and an exhaust fan which are arranged at the top of the inner box body, wherein the plane view of the irradiation box body is of a concave structure; advance, discharge mechanism is transported the belt, the material shakes groove and ejection of compact belt by the ration feeding machine, feeding belt, material that connect gradually and constitutes, and feeding belt, feeding that are located the irradiation box are transported the belt, the material shakes the groove, the ejection of compact is transported the belt and ejection of compact belt and is the drop height type setting and for the structure of turning back of character cut in bas-relief overall arrangement，The feeding belt and the discharging belt pass through the side wall of the irradiation box body and are provided with shielding curtains.

4. The dedicated gamma ray irradiation apparatus as set forth in claim 3, wherein: the irradiation source is positioned right above the material vibration groove.

5. The dedicated gamma ray irradiation apparatus as set forth in claim 3, wherein: the irradiation source consists of a gamma-ray radioactive source and a controller connected with the gamma-ray radioactive source.

6. The dedicated gamma ray irradiation apparatus as set forth in claim 5, wherein: the radioactive source can be cobalt 60 or cesium 137.

7. The dedicated gamma ray irradiation apparatus as set forth in claim 3, wherein: the shielding wall is composed of three layers, wherein the outer layer and the inner layer are made of concrete, and the middle layer is a lead pouring layer.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of cigarette processing, in particular to a processing technology for improving the expansion rate and sensory quality of cut stems.

Background

The tobacco stems are used as one of the main raw materials in the cigarette industry, and have remarkable effects on reducing the formula cost of cigarette leaf groups, improving the physical quality of products, improving the combustibility of cigarettes, reducing harm and reducing tar and the like due to the characteristics of low price, high filling property, good combustibility and the like.

In the production process of cigarettes, in order to improve the applicability of the tobacco stems in the cigarette formula, such as shape, color, sense and the like, the tobacco stems need to be prepared into cut stems or stem particles and then added into the cigarette formula for use. The existing cut stem making process is to carry out pretreatment such as moisture regain and stem storage on tobacco stems subjected to screening and impurity removal to improve the moisture content and temperature of the tobacco stems, and then carry out procedures such as tobacco stem temperature increase, stem pressing, stem shredding, material adding, expansion drying, flavoring and the like to prepare cut stems or stem particles (see cigarette technical Specification, light industry publishers, China, pages 72-86).

The existing stem shred preparation process has the following defects: firstly, the tobacco stems contain a large amount of lignin, cellulose, pectin and the like, and the burning and smoking process shows obvious wood gas and has poor sensory quality; secondly, the tobacco stems are compact in texture, in the processes of moisture regaining and stem storage, the applied moisture on the surfaces of the tobacco stems is difficult to uniformly diffuse and adsorb into the tissue structure, so that the thickness of the stem shreds prepared in the subsequent stem pressing, shredding and expansion drying processes is uneven, the number of the shredded stems is more, the loss is higher, thirdly, the tobacco stems are influenced by the stress of high-content cellulose, lignin and the like on the cell walls of the stem shreds, in the expansion drying process, in order to increase the steam pressure difference inside and outside the cells and obtain a better expansion effect, the temperature of drying hot air needs to be rapidly increased by a large amount of steam in a short time, and the energy consumption is higher.

In order to improve the effects of moisture regain and expansion drying of tobacco stems, the prior art comprises the following steps: one is a method for treating enzymes and microorganisms, which comprises the following steps: cellulase, protease, pectinase or microorganism is adopted to treat tobacco stems or cut stems, so that the content of cellulose, pectin, lignin and the like in the tobacco stems is reduced, the quality of the cut stems is improved (70-72 pages in the Jiangxi agricultural science 2010, 22 (10); 2011, 39(4): 2064-; second is chemical additive treatment, such as: with polyhydroxy organic salts, K₂CO₃The water solution can reduce the content of hemicellulose, lignin and the like in the cut stems by treating the tobacco stems or the cut stems, and the tobacco stem shredding effect is good (paper and papermaking, 2015, 34(9): page 39-43; Chinese patent CN 101049184A). And thirdly, microwave expansion technology. In the tobacco stem moisture regaining procedure, a microwave stem moistening machine is adopted for processing, so that the moisture uniformity of the tobacco stems after moisture regaining can be improved; in the expansion drying process, microwave drying is adopted, so that the expansion rate of the tobacco stems can be improved, and the expanded tobacco stems have small retraction (Chinese patents CN201210215407, CN03117228 and CN 200510021139). Fourthly, high temperature and high humidity expansion technology. Namely, the temperature of the cut stems is rapidly increased through high-temperature steam, water vapor in cells of the cut stems is instantaneously evaporated, and under the action of large pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the cells, the cell tissue structure is expanded (Chinese patents CN98227756, CN200520052555 and CN 02292938).

The technology for improving the moisture regaining, expansion and drying effects of the tobacco stems has the following defects: the biological treatment method is not applied in large scale in actual production, mainly because enzymes, microorganisms and the like added into tobacco stems need further inactivation treatment, however, an effective rapid detection method for inactivation effectiveness of the enzymes, the microorganisms and the like does not exist in the production process, and residual enzymes and microorganisms bring quality risks to cigarette products. The chemical additive approach may present potential manufacturing process and product safety risks; the method of high temperature, high humidity and microwave expansion is mostly applied to actual production, but in order to overcome resistance caused by cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and the like of the cell walls of the tobacco stems and obtain a better expansion effect, the power of microwave equipment and the temperature of steam are needed to be higher, the equipment cost is higher, the energy consumption is higher, the content of the cellulose, the lignin and the like in the cut stems is not reduced by the method, and the sensory quality of the prepared cut stems is not greatly improved.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide the processing technology for improving the expansion rate and the sensory quality of the tobacco stems aiming at the defects, and the technology can obviously improve the filling value of the prepared cut stems, improve the sensory quality of the cut stems and obviously reduce the energy consumption of equipment.

The purpose of the invention is realized by the following scheme:

a processing technology for improving the expansion rate and sensory quality of cut stems comprises the following steps:

1) screening tobacco stems to remove impurities, and irradiating by adopting a gamma ray irradiation device;

2) conditioning the irradiated tobacco stems, and adjusting the moisture content of the tobacco stems to 25-35%;

3) directly heating the tobacco stalks after moisture regaining, and adjusting the temperature of the tobacco stalks to be more than 50 ℃;

4) pressing and cutting the tobacco stems after the temperature is increased to obtain cut stems with the thickness of 0.10-0.18 mm;

5) feeding the cut stem shreds, and adjusting the water content of the fed stem shreds to 27% -37%;

6) and finally, conveying the fed cut stems to an expansion drying process for drying, and adjusting the water content of the dried cut stems to 12-14.5%.

In the invention, the gamma ray irradiation dose of the tobacco stems is 200-800kGy。

The gamma-ray irradiation device consists of an irradiation box body, a feeding mechanism and a discharging mechanism, wherein the feeding mechanism and the discharging mechanism are arranged to penetrate through the irradiation box body; advance, discharge mechanism is transported the belt, the material shakes groove and ejection of compact belt by the ration feeding machine, feeding belt, material that connect gradually and constitutes, and feeding belt, feeding that are located the irradiation box are transported the belt, the material shakes the groove, the ejection of compact is transported the belt and ejection of compact belt and is the drop height type setting and for the structure of turning back of character cut in bas-relief overall arrangement，The feeding belt and the discharging belt pass through the side wall of the irradiation box body and are provided with shielding curtains.

The irradiation source consists of a gamma-ray radioactive source and a controller connected with the gamma-ray radioactive source.

The radioactive source can be cobalt 60 or cesium 137.

The shielding wall is composed of three layers, wherein the outer layer and the inner layer are made of concrete, and the middle layer is a lead pouring layer.

The principle of the method is that macromolecular substances such as cell wall cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and the like which influence the sensory quality and the expansion rate in the tobacco stems are partially degraded into micromolecular substances such as monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligosaccharide and the like through high-dose gamma ray irradiation; therefore, the tobacco stem tissue structure tends to be fluffy, the moisture in the tobacco stem moisture regaining process is uniformly absorbed, the resistance in the tobacco stem expansion drying process is reduced, and the expansion rate is improved. In addition, the sensory quality of the cut stems can be obviously improved by reducing the contents of lignin, cellulose and the like.

The gamma-ray irradiation device has the working principle that the tobacco stems which are screened and decontaminated and come are firstly continuously and stably conveyed to a feeding belt through a quantitative feeding machine of a feeding and discharging mechanism and then conveyed to a material vibration groove through the feeding belt and a feeding transfer belt, the tobacco stems which are flatly paved and vibrated on the vibration groove are uniformly irradiated by the gamma-ray irradiation source positioned at the top of an irradiation box body in the vibration conveying process of the material vibration groove, and the irradiated tobacco stems fall to a discharging transfer belt from an outlet of the vibration groove and then are conveyed to the next processing procedure through the discharging belt. The design of the feeding mechanism and the discharging mechanism which are arranged in a drop-type return mode can enable materials to be looser and the irradiation effect to be better, the gamma rays generated by irradiation can repeatedly impact on the shielding wall to dissipate energy, and the safety risk of the gamma rays overflowing from the feeding port and the discharging port to the external environment is avoided. The exhaust fan exhausts waste gas, dust and the like generated in the tobacco stem conveying and irradiation process from the irradiation box body.

Compared with the existing cut stem making process, the invention obviously reduces the content of macromolecular substances such as cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and the like which influence the sensory quality and the expansion rate in the tobacco stems under the stable and controllable condition, and also has the following advantages: firstly, the tobacco stems subjected to gamma ray irradiation treatment have loose tissue structures, and the tobacco stems do not need to be stored after being remoistened, so that the tobacco stems can be directly pressed and cut, the cost of equipment, construction and time for storing the tobacco stems is saved, the process flow for making the tobacco stems is shortened, and the production efficiency is obviously improved; the tobacco stem quality is remarkably improved after the content of macromolecular substances such as cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and the like is reduced; and thirdly, after the content of cell wall substances such as cellulose, hemicellulose and the like in the tobacco stems is reduced, the cell wall resistance in the expansion process is reduced, and in the cut stem making process, the tobacco stems can achieve a better expansion effect under the conditions of lower water content and lower temperature (compared with the existing cut stem making process, the moisture content of the tobacco stems after moisture regain is reduced by more than 3 percent, and the temperature of the tobacco stems after temperature rise is reduced by more than 5 ℃), and the energy consumption, the equipment cost and the like required by expansion drying are obviously reduced.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a front view showing the structure of a gamma-ray irradiation apparatus according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a top view of fig. 1.

In fig. 1 and 2: 1. the device comprises a quantitative feeding machine, 2 parts of a feeding belt, 3 parts of a shielding wall, 4-1 parts of a feeding transfer belt, 4-2 parts of a discharging transfer belt, 5 parts of a material vibration groove, 6 parts of a shielding curtain, 7 parts of a discharging belt, 8 parts of an exhaust fan, 9 parts of an irradiation source, 9-1 parts of a controller, 9-2 parts of a radioactive source and 10 parts of a radiation box body.

Detailed Description

The processing technology for improving the expansion rate and the sensory quality of the cut stems is further illustrated by the following steps in combination with the attached drawings (examples):

the processing technology for improving the expansion rate and the sensory quality of the cut stems comprises the steps of screening the tobacco stems to remove impurities, and irradiating by adopting a gamma ray irradiation device, wherein the irradiation dose is 200-800 kGy; conveying the irradiated tobacco stems to a tobacco stem moisture regaining machine for moisture regaining, and adjusting the moisture content of the tobacco stems to 25% -35%; directly heating the tobacco stalks after moisture regaining, and adjusting the temperature of the tobacco stalks to be more than 50 ℃; pressing and cutting the tobacco stems after the temperature is increased to obtain cut stems with the thickness of 0.10-0.18 mm; feeding the cut stem shreds, and adjusting the water content of the fed stem shreds to 27% -37%; and finally, conveying the fed cut stems to an expansion drying process for drying, and adjusting the water content of the dried cut stems to 12-14.5%.

The gamma-ray irradiation device consists of an irradiation box body and a feeding mechanism and a discharging mechanism which are arranged to penetrate through the irradiation box body, the irradiation box body comprises an inner box body 10, a shielding wall 3 covering the outer surface of the inner box body, an irradiation source 9 (the irradiation source consists of a gamma-ray radioactive source 9-2 and a controller 9-1 connected with the gamma-ray radioactive source) and an exhaust fan 8, and the plane view of the irradiation box body is of a concave structure; the feeding and discharging mechanism is composed of a quantitative feeding machine 1, a feeding belt 2, a feeding transfer belt 4-1, a material vibration groove 5, a discharging transfer belt 4-2 and a discharging belt 7 which are sequentially connected, the feeding belt 2, the feeding transfer belt 4-1, the material vibration groove 5, the material discharging transfer belt 4-2 and the discharging belt 7 which are positioned in the irradiation box are arranged in a drop type manner and are of a turn-back structure with a concave-shaped layout, and an irradiation source 9 is positioned right above the material vibration groove 5. The feeding belt and the discharging belt pass through the side wall of the irradiation box body and are provided with shielding curtains 6.