阅读说明：本技术 一种汽柴油添加剂及其制备方法 (Gasoline and diesel additive and preparation method thereof ) 是由 周娟红 于 2019-10-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于燃料技术领域,具体涉及一种汽柴油添加剂及其制备方法。本申请的汽柴油添加剂整个技术方案操作简单可靠,成本较低,有利于企业降低生产成本；2)该方法具有提高燃油雾化性能的功效,在使用本品后,燃油中的有害气体可完全充分雾化燃烧,充分燃烧后的燃油将极大的减少有毒气体的排出,并减少积炭和油泥在发动机壳体内的形成,不仅有效提高了尾气排放标准,还可以延长发动机的使用寿命,降低发动机故障的发生概率；3)该方法对人体无害,可长期使用,并适宜大范围推广。(The invention belongs to the technical field of fuels, and particularly relates to a gasoline and diesel additive and a preparation method thereof. The whole technical scheme of the gasoline and diesel additive is simple and reliable to operate, low in cost and beneficial to enterprises to reduce production cost; 2) the method has the effect of improving the fuel oil atomization performance, after the fuel oil atomization agent is used, harmful gas in the fuel oil can be completely and fully atomized and combusted, the discharge of the toxic gas is greatly reduced by the fuel oil after full combustion, and the formation of carbon deposit and oil sludge in an engine shell is reduced, so that the exhaust emission standard is effectively improved, the service life of an engine can be prolonged, and the occurrence probability of engine faults is reduced; 3) the method is harmless to human body, can be used for a long time, and is suitable for large-scale popularization.)

1. The gasoline and diesel additive is characterized in that: the raw material comprises, by weight, 1-20% of methanol, 10-40% of a calorific value synergist, 5-15% of trichloroethane, 1-5% of an antioxidant, 15-25% of petroleum alcohol, 1-10% of octanol, 1-9% of a corrosion inhibitor, 2-8% of a dispersant and 1-5% of a catalyst.

2. A gasoline and diesel additive as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the heat value synergist comprises one or more of acetone, cyclohexane, methylaniline and octane.

3. A gasoline and diesel additive as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the antioxidant comprises one or more of 3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid N-hexadecyl ester, tetraphenyl dipropylene glycol diphosphite, 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-p-methylphenol and N, N' -di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine.

4. A gasoline and diesel additive as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the corrosion inhibitor comprises one or more of dimerized linoleic acid, alkylamine phosphate and benzotriazole.

5. A gasoline and diesel additive as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the dispersant comprises one or more of barium petroleum sulfonate, hexamethylphosphoric triamide, polyoxyethylene fatty amide, triethylene tetramine and isopropanol.

6. A gasoline and diesel additive as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the catalyst comprises tert-butyl ferrocene.

7. A gasoline and diesel additive as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the raw material comprises, by weight, 5-15% of methanol, 30-40% of a calorific value synergist, 8-12% of trichloroethane, 2-4% of an antioxidant, 18-22% of petroleum alcohol, 3-9% of octanol, 3-7% of a corrosion inhibitor, 4-6% of a dispersant and 2-4% of a catalyst.

8. The additive according to claim 7, wherein: the raw materials comprise, by weight, 10% of methanol, 38% of a calorific value synergist, 10% of trichloroethane, 3% of an antioxidant, 20% of petroleum alcohol, 6% of octanol, 5% of a corrosion inhibitor, 5% of a dispersant and 3% of a catalyst.

9. A preparation method of a gasoline and diesel additive is characterized by comprising the following steps: a gasoline and diesel additive as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, prepared by the following process:

adding 8-12% of trichloroethane, 18-24% of petroleum alcohol and 1-8% of dispersing agent into a reactor, slowly stirring and heating to 30-50 ℃, fully mixing uniformly, then sequentially adding 1-5% of methanol, 10-40% of heat value synergist, 1-5% of antioxidant, 3-6% of octanol, 1-5% of corrosion inhibitor and 1-5% of catalyst, continuously stirring and reacting at constant temperature for 0.5-3h to obtain the gasoline and diesel additive.

10. The method for preparing a gasoline and diesel additive according to claim 9, wherein: the temperature of the constant temperature reaction is 35-45 ℃.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of fuels, and particularly relates to a gasoline and diesel additive and a preparation method thereof.

Background

With the progress of society, the increase of automobiles brings about the large consumption of petroleum fuels and causes serious pollution to the environment, so that raw materials produced by coal, such as methanol, formaldehyde and the like, are researched and developed, and are further converted into additive components capable of replacing automobile fuels, so that the automobile fuel sources can be increased, and the environmental pollution can be reduced.

Therefore, the methanol serving as a novel clean vehicle fuel is an ideal additive component, contains oxygen, can promote oil product combustion, reduces the discharge of NOx and CO and the phenomenon that tail gas emits black smoke, and reduces the pollution to the environment. However, the characteristics of methanol determine that the methanol participates in the preparation of gasoline and diesel oil and has obvious disadvantages of the methanol, such as: 1. the problem of mixing and dissolving is that methanol contains hydroxyl and is a strong polar substance, the hydroxyl of the methanol can be infinitely dissolved in water and has hydrophilicity, gasoline and diesel oil are oil-based mixtures of complex hydrocarbons, the alcohol and the hydrocarbon are contrary, and the two substances are difficult to mix; 2. the cetane number problem, the gasoline and diesel engine is ignited in a compression ignition mode, the cetane number is 270 ℃ higher than that of gasoline and diesel which shows the combustion performance of gasoline and diesel, so that methanol is not easy to ignite by compression, and the low cetane number and the high ignition temperature cause a plurality of researchers to abandon the research of the methanol on the gasoline and diesel engine; 3. the fuel after mixing has poor stability and is sensitive to moisture, methanol molecules contain alkyl and hydroxyl, the hydroxyl and water can be mutually associated in a hydrogen bond form, the hydrophilicity and lipophilicity of the methanol are mutually exclusive, the methanol absorbs more water, the mutual solubility of the methanol and the gasoline and diesel is poorer, the methanol is easier to be layered with oil, even the methanol is contacted with moisture absorbed from humid air, the gasoline and diesel which are mixed and dissolved are often re-layered, the methanol and accumulated water in an oil tank are separated out, a turbid phenomenon can occur, the oxidative discoloration is easy to separate in a short time, and the prepared gasoline and diesel can automatically extinguish after a vehicle is put into a mailbox or can not catch fire after the vehicle is put into the mailbox; 4. the problem of corrosion, methanol has strong chemical activity, and methanol can generate a small amount of acidic substances such as formaldehyde, formic acid and the like in the combustion process. Various metal components contacted with the engine using the fuel are corroded, various metals and alloys of sulfur and sulfide in the fuel oil have direct or indirect corrosion effects, carbon deposition in an engine cylinder is increased, and the corrosivity of the gasoline-diesel oil mixed gasoline fuel is increased along with the increase of the content of methanol; 5. the flash point is stable, and the flash point of the prepared finished oil is too low along with the increase of the addition amount of the methanol because the flash point of the methanol is only 12.2 ℃.

And the automobile engine can unconsciously generate substances which influence the normal operation of the automobile, such as oil sludge, carbon deposition and the like in departments such as a throttle body, an oil nozzle, a cylinder and the like in the engine along with the continuous operation of the automobile. Neglecting the presence of sludge and soot, they slowly engulf engine power, reduce fuel economy, increase emissions of environmentally polluting substances, and can lead to a series of engine failures. Therefore, an additive is needed, which can ensure that the gasoline and diesel oil can be fully combusted in the combustion process, and the formation of carbon deposit and oil sludge is reduced, thereby reducing the tail gas pollution and prolonging the service life of an engine.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems that the gasoline and diesel oil is not combusted sufficiently in the combustion process, carbon deposit and oil sludge are easily formed, the service life of an engine is short, the generated tail gas is easy to pollute the environment and the like, the invention provides a gasoline and diesel oil additive and a preparation method thereof.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the gasoline and diesel additive consists of methanol 1-20 wt%, heat value synergist 10-40 wt%, trichloroethane 5-15 wt%, antioxidant 1-5 wt%, petroleum alcohol 15-25 wt%, octanol 1-10 wt%, corrosion inhibitor 1-9 wt%, dispersant 2-8 wt% and catalyst 1-5 wt%.

Further, the heat value synergist comprises one or more of acetone, cyclohexane, methylaniline and octane.

Further, the antioxidant comprises one or more of 3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid N-hexadecyl ester, tetraphenyl dipropylene glycol diphosphite, 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-p-methylphenol and N, N' -di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine.

Further, the corrosion inhibitor comprises one or more of dimerized linoleic acid, alkylamine phosphate and benzotriazole.

Further, the dispersant comprises one or more of barium petroleum sulfonate, hexamethylphosphoric triamide, polyoxyethylene fatty amide, triethylene tetramine and isopropanol.

Further, the catalyst comprises tert-butyl ferrocene.

Further, the raw material comprises, by weight, 5-15% of methanol, 30-40% of a calorific value synergist, 8-12% of trichloroethane, 2-4% of an antioxidant, 18-22% of petroleum alcohol, 3-9% of octanol, 3-7% of a corrosion inhibitor, 4-6% of a dispersant and 2-4% of a catalyst.

Furthermore, the raw materials comprise, by weight, 10% of methanol, 38% of a calorific value synergist, 10% of trichloroethane, 3% of an antioxidant, 20% of petroleum alcohol, 6% of octanol, 5% of a corrosion inhibitor, 5% of a dispersant and 3% of a catalyst.

A preparation method of a gasoline and diesel additive comprises the following steps:

adding 8-12% of trichloroethane, 18-24% of petroleum alcohol and 1-8% of dispersing agent into a reactor, slowly stirring and heating to 30-50 ℃, fully mixing uniformly, then sequentially adding 1-5% of methanol, 10-40% of heat value synergist, 1-5% of antioxidant, 3-6% of octanol, 1-5% of corrosion inhibitor and 1-5% of catalyst, continuously stirring and reacting at constant temperature for 0.5-3h to obtain the gasoline and diesel additive.

Further, the temperature of the isothermal reaction is 35-45 ℃.

The invention provides a gasoline and diesel additive, the whole technical scheme of the additive is simple and reliable to operate, the cost is lower, and the production cost of enterprises is favorably reduced; 2) the method has the effect of improving the fuel oil atomization performance, after the fuel oil atomization agent is used, harmful gas in the fuel oil can be completely and fully atomized and combusted, the discharge of the toxic gas is greatly reduced by the fuel oil after full combustion, and the formation of carbon deposit and oil sludge in an engine shell is reduced, so that the exhaust emission standard is effectively improved, the service life of an engine can be prolonged, and the occurrence probability of engine faults is reduced; 3) the method is harmless to human body, can be used for a long time, and is suitable for large-scale popularization.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a preparation method of a gasoline and diesel additive.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments.

The gasoline and diesel additive consists of methanol 1-20 wt%, heat value synergist 10-40 wt%, trichloroethane 5-15 wt%, antioxidant 1-5 wt%, petroleum alcohol 15-25 wt%, octanol 1-10 wt%, corrosion inhibitor 1-9 wt%, dispersant 2-8 wt% and catalyst 1-5 wt%.

The heat value synergist comprises one or more of acetone, cyclohexane, methylaniline and octane.

The antioxidant comprises one or more of 3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid N-hexadecyl ester, tetraphenyl dipropylene glycol diphosphite, 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-p-methylphenol and N, N' -di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine.

The corrosion inhibitor comprises one or more of dimerized linoleic acid, alkylamine phosphate and benzotriazole, and the corrosion inhibitor is a compound of three substances consisting of dimerized linoleic acid, alkylamine phosphate and benzotriazole according to the mass ratio of 1:2:3, can exert the advantages of the three substances, and can prevent the corrosion of the engine oil composition to equipment, thereby protecting metal parts of a system.

The dispersant comprises one or more of barium petroleum sulfonate, hexamethyl phosphoric triamide, polyoxyethylene fatty amide, triethylene tetramine and isopropanol, ensures the uniform mixing of other components of the composition, can reduce the generation amount of oil sludge in gasoline and diesel oil during the use process of an engine, can wash off paint films and carbon deposits which are adsorbed on the surfaces of parts, can disperse in oil and can keep the engine and metal surfaces clean.

The catalyst comprises tert-butyl ferrocene.

Preferably, the additive of the embodiment comprises, by weight, 5-15% of methanol, 30-40% of a calorific value synergist, 8-12% of trichloroethane, 2-4% of an antioxidant, 18-22% of petroleum alcohol, 3-9% of octanol, 3-7% of a corrosion inhibitor, 4-6% of a dispersant and 2-4% of a catalyst. Preferably, the additive consists of 10 percent of methanol, 38 percent of calorific value synergist, 10 percent of trichloroethane, 3 percent of antioxidant, 20 percent of petroleum alcohol, 6 percent of octanol, 5 percent of corrosion inhibitor, 5 percent of dispersant and 3 percent of catalyst by weight.

As shown in fig. 1, a method for preparing the gasoline and diesel additive comprises the following steps:

s1: adding 10% of trichloroethane, 20% of petroleum alcohol and 5% of dispersing agent into a reactor, slowly stirring and heating to 35 ℃, and fully and uniformly mixing;

s2: adding 10% of methanol, 38% of heat value synergist, 3% of antioxidant, 6% of octanol, 5% of corrosion inhibitor and 5% of catalyst into a reactor in sequence, continuously stirring and reacting at a constant temperature of 45 ℃ for 3 hours to obtain the gasoline and diesel oil additive.

The gasoline and diesel additive is mixed with gasoline to obtain the mixed gasoline fuel, wherein the mass percent of the additive is 20-45%, and the gasoline of the embodiment is international No. 92 or No. 95 motor gasoline.

Placing the mixed gasoline fuel in an environment with the temperature of 25-30 ℃, the relative humidity of 75-85% and the atmospheric pressure of 95-96Kpa to test the emission performance, the economic performance, the power performance and the physical performance of the mixed gasoline fuel;

and (3) testing the emission performance: the model machine respectively uses commercial gasoline and mixed gasoline fuel, adopts free acceleration smoke test method, and utilizes emission tester to test the non-uniformity of sample vehicleThe smoke value of the product gasoline is 3.64m^-1The free acceleration smoke value of the mixed gasoline fuel is 2.35m^-1。

And (3) testing economic performance: the prototype respectively burns commodity gasoline and mixed gasoline fuel, the test prototype tests the load characteristic at 2500r/min, the lowest fuel consumption rate of the commodity gasoline is 268 g/kW.h and the lowest fuel consumption rate of the mixed gasoline fuel is 238/kW.h; the average fuel consumption rate of commercial gasoline is 317 g/kW.h, and the average fuel consumption rate of mixed gasoline is 286/kW.h.

Testing the dynamic performance: the sample machine respectively burns the commercial gasoline and the mixed gasoline fuel under the condition of 100 percent of accelerator opening, the external characteristic test of the rotating speed is from 2500r/min to 4500r/min, and the test shows that the maximum power of the commercial gasoline is 63.6kW and the maximum power of the mixed gasoline fuel is 72.5kW when the rotating speed is 4500 r/min; at a rotation speed of 2500r/min, the maximum torque of commercial gasoline is 223 N.m, and the maximum torque of mixed gasoline fuel is 249 N.m.

Tests on emission performance, economic performance and power performance show that the power performance and the economic performance of the mixed gasoline fuel are improved, and the emission such as smoke intensity and the like is obviously reduced.

Or the additive is mixed with diesel to obtain the diesel mixed diesel fuel, wherein the mass percent of the additive is 20-45%, and the diesel of the embodiment is the diesel sold in the market.

In the embodiment, the diesel oil mixed diesel fuel is placed in an environment with the temperature of 25-30 ℃, the relative humidity of 75-85% and the atmospheric pressure of 95-96Kpa to test the emission performance, the economic performance, the dynamic performance and the physical performance;

and (3) testing the emission performance: the model machine respectively burns the commercial diesel oil and the diesel oil mixed diesel oil fuel, adopts a free acceleration smoke test method, utilizes an emission tester to test the light-tight smoke value of the model vehicle, and tests show that the free acceleration smoke value of the commercial diesel oil is 3.56m^-1The free acceleration smoke value of the methanol diesel oil is 2.35m^-1。

And (3) testing economic performance: the prototype respectively burns commodity diesel oil and mixed diesel oil fuel, the test prototype tests the load characteristic at 2000r/min, the lowest fuel consumption rate of the commodity diesel oil is 252 g/kW.h and the lowest fuel consumption rate of the mixed diesel oil fuel is 238/kW.h; the average fuel consumption rate of commercial diesel oil is 307 g/kW.h, and the average fuel consumption rate of mixed diesel oil is 288/kW.h.

Testing the dynamic performance: the prototype respectively burns commodity diesel oil and mixed diesel oil fuel under the condition of 100% accelerator opening, the external characteristic test of the rotating speed is from 1200r/min to 3400r/min, and the test shows that the maximum power of the commodity diesel oil is 64.1kW and the maximum power of the mixed diesel oil fuel is 68.5kW when the rotating speed is 3400 r/min; at a rotation speed of 2000r/min, the maximum torque of the commercial diesel fuel was 223 N.m, and the maximum torque of the mixed diesel fuel was 235 N.m.

Tests on emission performance, economic performance and dynamic performance show that the dynamic performance and the economic performance of the mixed diesel fuel are improved, and the emission such as smoke intensity and the like is obviously reduced.

The physical property test is carried out on the mixed diesel fuel sample according to the national standard, and the test shows that the chroma of the mixed diesel fuel is 1.45 and the oxidation stability is 1.26mg/100mL of total insoluble substances; the acid value was 4.0(mgKON/100 mL); 10% of the residue carbon of the distillation residue is 0.14% (mass fraction); 0.005% (mass fraction) of ash; corroding the copper sheet by 1b (50 ℃, 3 h); moisture none (volume fraction); mechanical impurities are absent; degree of lubrication: wear scar diameter 350(60 ℃); the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon content is 10 percent (mass fraction); kinematic viscosity 3.8mm²S (20 ℃ C.); the condensation point is-8 ℃; flash point 50 ℃; cetane index 46; density 0.896g/cm³(20℃)。

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the design concept of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any insubstantial modifications made by using the design concept should fall within the scope of infringing on the protection scope of the present invention.