With solid metal
阅读说明：本技术 具有固体的金属 (With solid metal ) 是由 M.贾思特 于 2019-06-28 设计创作，主要内容包括：用于制造向其添加了固体的金属或金属合金,优选地为用于铸造部件(优选地为压铸部件)的铸造的轻金属或轻金属合金的方法和装置,其包括步骤：借助于溶化设备(2)将金属或金属合金熔化,借助于供给线(3)将铸造熔化物输送到待填充的铸造模具(9),在所述铸造熔化物于所述供给线(3)中的输送期间,将固体添加到所述铸造熔化物,其中,在所述供给线(3)中的所述输送期间,优选地借助于能量输入,将具有所添加的固体的所述铸造熔化物在至少一个混合区域(6)中混合。(Method and device for manufacturing a metal or metal alloy to which a solid is added, preferably a cast light metal or light metal alloy for casting parts, preferably die cast parts, comprising the steps of: melting a metal or a metal alloy by means of a melting device (2), conveying a casting melt to a casting mold (9) to be filled by means of a feed line (3), adding a solid to the casting melt during the conveying of the casting melt in the feed line (3), wherein the casting melt with the added solid is mixed in at least one mixing zone (6) during the conveying in the feed line (3), preferably by means of energy input.)
1. Method for manufacturing a metal or metal alloy, preferably a light metal or light metal alloy for casting of a cast part, preferably a die cast part, to which a solid has been added, comprising the steps of:
melting the metal or metal alloy by means of a melting device (2),
conveying the casting melt to a casting mold (9) to be filled by means of a supply line (3),
adding solids to the casting melt during the transport of the casting melt in the feed line (3),
characterized in that the casting melt with the added solids is mixed in at least one mixing zone (6) during the transport in the feed line (3), preferably by means of energy input.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the mixing is performed during and/or after the addition of the solid.
3. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the mixing is carried out in a mixing zone (6) by means of an ultrasonic generator and the casting melt and the solid are excited by means of ultrasound.
4. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the supply of the casting melt in the feed line (3) takes place continuously.
5. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the solid is fibres and/or particles.
6. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fibers are from the group: carbon fibers, aluminum oxides, basalt, silicon carbide, aramid, metal fibers, coated fibers, and/or derivatives thereof.
7. A method as claimed in one of the foregoing claims, characterized in that the feed line (3) is thermally regulated.
8. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the casting melt is cooled during the conveying in the feed line (3), preferably until the casting melt has a semi-solid state.
9. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the solid is kneaded in the casting melt in the semi-solid state in a mixing zone (6).
10. Device (1) for manufacturing metal or metal alloy to which a solid is added, preferably light metal or light metal alloy for casting of cast parts, preferably die-cast parts, comprising a melting apparatus (2), preferably a furnace, in which the metal or metal alloy is melted, a feed line (3), a dosing system (4) for adding the solid to the casting melt, and at least one mixer (5) for homogeneous mixing of the casting melt, the dosing system (4) being connected to the feed line (3), characterized in that the mixer (5) is arranged on the feed line (3) and the mixing of the casting melt is performed during the conveying.
11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the mixer (5) is configured as an ultrasonic generator.
12. Device according to one of claims 10 and 11, characterized in that a pump (11) for conveying the cast melt, preferably an electromagnetic pump, is arranged on the feed line (3).
13. The apparatus according to one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the feed line comprises a bypass line (8) which permits a plurality of passages of the cast melt through the introduction and mixing zone (7).
14. The apparatus according to one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that the dosing system (4) comprises an injector for introducing the solid into the casting melt.
15. Use of a metal or metal alloy according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the metal or metal alloy is used for the manufacture of cast parts, in particular die-cast parts, preferably light metals or light metal alloys, preferably used as vehicle parts.
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for manufacturing a metal or metal alloy to which a solid is added, preferably a light metal or light metal alloy for casting of a cast part, preferably a die cast part, comprising the steps of:
the metal or metal alloy is melted by means of a melting device, the casting melt is conveyed by means of a feed line to the casting mold to be filled, and solids are added to the casting melt during the conveyance of the casting melt in the feed line.
Background
Methods for manufacturing composite materials by adding particles in order to improve physical properties, such as mechanical strength, or to improve fatigue strength are known from the prior art. The challenges when introducing solids, particularly in light metal melts, are also known due to the high wetting angle.
Because of the high wetting angle, poor wetting of solids (especially in the case of non-metallic solids) in the melt behaves equivalently to poor matrix binding, which makes it difficult to incorporate the solids into metals or metal alloys. Furthermore, this process is very complicated.
US 7509993B 1 discloses a method in which particles are added while the casting melt is still in a liquid state in the melting furnace. However, this entails that, until the mold is filled, there is no disadvantage of a continuous process, but rather, in each case only one furnace charge (burn charge) can be cast, each charge then also having a different ratio of fibers to melt. Furthermore, since hardly any mixing occurs during the casting of the cast melt, there is a possibility of sedimentation.
Disclosure of Invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and associated apparatus which enable the incorporation of solids into metals or metal alloys while obtaining good wetting and homogeneous mixing of the solids without cluster (cluster) formation and ensuring a continuous manufacturing process.
This object is achieved according to the invention in that the casting melt with the added solids is mixed during transport in a mixing zone (preferably by means of energy input) and a mixer is arranged on the feed line.
The method according to the invention relates to a method for producing a metal or metal alloy to which a solid is added, preferably a light metal or light metal alloy for casting of a cast part, preferably a die cast part.
First the metal or metal alloy is melted until the metal or metal alloy is converted to a liquid state and appears as a casting melt.
The casting melt is conveyed to the casting mold to be filled by means of a feed line, which may preferably be carried out by means of a gradient of the feed line and/or by means of a pump. Electromagnetic pumps are particularly preferred for the supply of casting melt.
For adding solids to the casting melt, the solids are introduced into the casting melt by means of a dosing system (dosing system) during the transfer in the supply line. In order to ensure homogeneous mixing and optimum wetting of the solids, the casting melt is mixed with the solids in a mixing zone (preferably by means of energy input) in the feed line during the conveying or conveying, in which case the mixing zone can also be arranged directly in the region of the metering system for the introduction of the solids.
It is advantageous to carry out the mixing during and/or after the addition of the solids. By optimal mixing, cluster formation of solids is prevented and the bonding and wetting behavior of the solids with respect to the casting melt is improved.
A preferred embodiment consists in that the energy input for mixing is carried out in at least one mixing zone by means of an ultrasonic generator. This improves the bonding of the solids to the casting melt, since the already formed solids agglomeration (agglomerations) is broken up by the ultrasound with the aid of the transmitted energy and pulses, and the individual solids can thus be bonded better to the casting melt, and the wetting angle between the solids and the casting melt is reduced, which in turn leads to an improved bonding.
As a further advantage of the energy input, an oxide layer, which is located on the casting melt, preferably by means of ultrasound, and which prevents the solids from entering due to surface tension, is removed, so that the solids can better penetrate into the casting melt.
It has been found to be advantageous to carry out the supply of casting melt continuously in the supply line. In this way, a continuous and uninterrupted process and high efficiency can be ensured.
Preferably, the solids are formed as fibers and/or particles, the fibers having an elongated shape and the particles being more spherically shaped or shaped in the form of flakes.
The fibers or particles are from the group: carbon fibers, aluminum oxides, basalt, silicon carbide, aramid, metal fibers, coated fibers and/or derivatives thereof are advantageous. It has been found from testing that these fibers and flakes or particles have good thermal stability and do not anneal in highly heated casting melts.
A preferred embodiment is that the feeding line is thermally regulated. By the possibility of different thermal regulation above the supply line, it is possible to influence the state of the cast melt. This means that, for example, the supply line can be cooled so that the casting melt is actively cooled and the state of the casting melt is semi-solid or in the semi-solid range of the metal or metal alloy. Of course, there is also the possibility of heating the feed line in order to bring the casting melt to a liquid state or to keep it in that state.
It is advantageous to cool the casting melt during the transport in the feed line, preferably until the casting melt has a semi-solid state. The semi-solid state makes it possible for the solid to be kneaded, which in turn achieves an improved bond between the solid and the alloy. It is advantageous to maintain the temperature at a temperature level such that the casting melt has the same state in a specific range, so that solids can be introduced accordingly or the bonding between the solids and the metal or metal alloy is improved, for example by kneading or applying ultrasound.
The invention can be distinguished by another configuration in which the solid is kneaded into the casting melt in the semi-solid state in the mixing zone. Any kneading is preferably carried out in a further mixing zone, which is preferably likewise arranged on the feed line.
The apparatus according to the invention for producing a metal or metal alloy to which solids are added, preferably a light metal or light metal alloy for casting of cast parts, preferably die-cast parts, comprises a melting device in which the metal or metal alloy is melted, preferably a furnace for this purpose. For conveying or transporting the casting melt, the device comprises a supply line. The dosing system of the device according to the invention is used for adding solids to the casting melt, the dosing system being connected to a feed line. The device according to the invention comprises at least one mixer for homogeneous mixing of the casting melt, which is arranged on the feed line and the mixing of the casting melt takes place during the conveying or conveying.
It is advantageous to configure the mixer as an ultrasonic generator. By mixing the solid in the casting melt, which is preferably liquid, by means of ultrasound, the bonding between the casting melt and the solid is improved, as described above, for different reasons.
It has been found to be advantageous to arrange a pump, preferably an electromagnetic pump, for transferring the casting melt on the feed line. This ensures continuous and controlled delivery or conveyance of the casting melt.
It has been found that a preferred embodiment is when the feed line comprises a bypass line, which permits the cast melt to pass through the introduction and mixing zone multiple times. This allows a high degree of flexibility in the amount of solids added or to be added and mixing. Preferably, the bypass line is thermally adjustable.
The dosing system preferably comprises an injector for introducing solids into the casting melt. This ensures continuous introduction of the solid into the casting melt.
It is advantageous for the supply line to comprise a tube constriction (constriction) in the region of the dosing system. This permits a lower pressure in the narrower region so that solids present in the dosing system are carried away by suction (entrain).
The metal or metal alloy according to the invention is preferably used for the manufacture of cast parts, in particular diecast parts, which are preferably used as vehicle parts. Of course, other areas of application are envisaged. The respective metallic or alloy composition will be marked to the application and accordingly provide a solid suitable for this.
All construction possibilities can be freely combined with one another, and the features and use specifications of the method and the device can be freely combined with one another.
Drawings
Exemplary embodiments of the invention will be described with the aid of the accompanying drawings, to which the invention is not limited.
Fig. 1 shows an apparatus for manufacturing a metal or metal alloy to which a solid is added according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The diagram represented in fig. 1 shows an apparatus 1 according to the invention for producing a metal or metal alloy to which a solid is added. The apparatus 1 comprises a
Preferably, for conveying the casting melt in the
REFERENCE SIGNS LIST
1 apparatus
2 melting apparatus
3 supply line
4 dosing system
5 Mixer
6 mixing zone
7 introduction and mixing zone
8 bypass line
9 casting die
10 introduction area
11 Pump
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