阅读说明：本技术 一种轻质环保陶粒及其制备方法和应用 (Light environment-friendly ceramsite and preparation method and application thereof ) 是由 张银亮 陈欢 杨陈 何江 蔡鸿雁 于 2019-09-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于固体废弃物协同综合利用领域,公开了一种轻质环保陶粒,包括以下原料：废锂离子电池湿法回收过程中产生的工业固废、建筑弃土和陶瓷行业固废；所述废锂离子电池湿法回收过程中产生的工业固废选自铁铝矾渣、碳酸钙渣、废石墨粉和氢氧化铝渣；所述轻质环保陶粒由以下质量百分比的原料制备而成：铁铝矾渣20～40％,碳酸钙渣1～5％,石墨粉1～5％,氢氧化铝渣1～10％,陶瓷行业固废1～2％,余量为建筑弃土。本发明的原料为100％全量固废,以废锂离子电池湿法回收过程中产生的工业固废、建筑弃土和陶瓷行业固废为原料,采用高温烧胀工艺制备陶粒,具有工艺简单、投资小、成本低、无二次污染、操作方便和生产效率高的优点。(The invention belongs to the field of synergistic comprehensive utilization of solid wastes, and discloses light environment-friendly ceramsite which comprises the following raw materials: industrial solid waste, building waste soil and ceramic industry solid waste generated in the wet recovery process of the waste lithium ion battery; the industrial solid waste generated in the wet recovery process of the waste lithium ion battery is selected from iron-alumen-based slag, calcium carbonate slag, waste stone toner and aluminum hydroxide slag; the light environment-friendly ceramsite is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 20-40% of iron-aluminous-alum slag, 1-5% of calcium carbonate slag, 1-5% of graphite powder, 1-10% of aluminum hydroxide slag, 1-2% of solid waste in ceramic industry and the balance of building waste soil. The raw material of the invention is 100 percent of total solid waste, the industrial solid waste generated in the wet recovery process of the waste lithium ion battery, the building waste soil and the ceramic industry solid waste are used as the raw materials, and the high-temperature sintering and swelling process is adopted to prepare the ceramsite, so that the invention has the advantages of simple process, low investment, low cost, no secondary pollution, convenient operation and high production efficiency.)

1. The light environment-friendly ceramsite is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: industrial solid waste generated in the wet recovery process of the waste lithium ion battery: 23 to 60 percent; building waste soil: 40-76%; solid waste of ceramic industry: the balance; the industrial solid waste generated in the wet recovery process of the waste lithium ion battery is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: iron aluminous slag: 20 to 40 percent; calcium carbonate slag: 1 to 5 percent; waste stone ink powder: 1 to 5 percent; aluminum hydroxide slag: and (4) the balance.

2. The light-weight environment-friendly ceramsite according to claim 1, wherein the ceramic industry solid waste is ceramic polishing waste residue or waste silicon carbide micropowder.

3. The lightweight, environmentally friendly ceramsite according to claim 1, wherein said building waste is selected from the group consisting of SiO-containing building waste₂、Al₂O₃、Fe₂O₃And K₂O construction waste laterite.

4. The light-weight environment-friendly ceramsite according to claim 3, wherein the building waste laterite is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 60-70% SiO₂、20～25％Al₂O₃、5～10％Fe₂O₃And 0 to 5% of K₂O。

5. The method for preparing the light-weight environment-friendly ceramsite as set forth in any one of claims 1-4, is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) mixing industrial solid waste, building waste soil and ceramic industry solid waste generated in the wet recovery process of the waste lithium ion battery, carrying out wet ball milling to obtain slurry, carrying out filter pressing to obtain a filter cake, carrying out pugging on the filter cake, and carrying out extrusion granulation to obtain a ceramsite green body;

(2) and (3) aging the ceramsite green body, drying, preheating, sintering and expanding at a high temperature, and cooling to obtain the light environment-friendly ceramsite.

6. The preparation method of claim 5, wherein the rotation speed of the wet ball milling in the step (1) is 200-300 r/min, and the ball milling time is 2-4 h.

7. The preparation method according to claim 5, wherein the pressure of the filter press used in the filter pressing in the step (1) is more than 30 kg.

8. The preparation method according to claim 5, wherein the time for aging the ceramsite green body in the step (2) is 12-24 hours; the drying temperature is 90-120 ℃, and the drying time is 4-12 h.

9. The preparation method according to claim 5, wherein the preheating temperature in the step (2) is 300-400 ℃ and the time is 10-30 min; the temperature of the high-temperature sintering and expansion is 1050-1150 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3-10 min.

10. The use of the lightweight, environmentally friendly ceramsite of any one of claims 1 to 4 in building and construction materials, gardening, industrial filter materials, and fire-resistant insulation materials.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of cooperative comprehensive utilization of multi-industry solid wastes such as lithium battery solid wastes, ceramic solid wastes and construction wastes, and particularly relates to a light environment-friendly ceramsite and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

Since the commercialization of lithium ion batteries, lithium ion batteries have unique advantages of high specific energy, small volume, light weight, wide application range, long cycle life, good safety performance and the like, and are widely used in the civil and military fields, and meanwhile, lithium ion batteries have become one of the preferred light high-energy power batteries for new energy electric vehicles.

After 500-1500 charge-discharge cycles, the active substances of the lithium ion battery lose activity, so that the capacity of the battery is reduced and the battery is scrapped. The wide use of lithium ion batteries inevitably brings a large amount of waste batteries, and if the waste batteries are discarded at will, the environment is seriously polluted, and resources are wasted. However, the waste lithium ion battery contains more valuable metals, and the metals with high economic value in the waste lithium ion battery are recycled, so that the method has great significance in the aspects of environmental protection and resource recycling.

At present, the enterprises for recycling the waste lithium ion batteries mainly recycle valuable metals and then prepare the valuable metals into battery materials by wet smelting, wherein various toxic and harmful industrial solid wastes are generated indispensably, and the industrial solid wastes are piled up in large quantities, which not only occupy extremely limited land resources, but also cause serious air pollution, soil pollution and water resource pollution, harm natural environment and human health, and become social public hazards. Therefore, a new approach for comprehensive utilization of industrial solid waste resources is urgently needed.

With the rapid development of economy and construction industry, the ceramic industry in China is rapidly developed; the quantity of the produced solid waste of the ceramics is continuously increased, and the solid waste of the ceramics (polishing waste residue and waste silicon carbide micropowder) containing impurities can not be reused for producing ceramic products due to the limitation of the current ceramic production technology. Therefore, a way of changing waste into valuable is searched, the ceramic solid waste is recycled, the environmental pressure can be reduced, the environment is protected, and the requirements of establishing a conservation-oriented society and a circular economy by the government of China at present are met.

With the acceleration of the urbanization process, the construction waste accounts for 30-40% of the urban waste, and a large amount of the construction waste is accumulated to occupy the land. And the great social requirements of energy conservation, emission reduction, green buildings and the like are provided, so that the building ceramic and even the whole building material industry face huge technical challenges. In the production process of building materials, the realization of clean production saving, emission reduction treatment of three wastes and comprehensive utilization of resources is urgently needed to meet the production requirements of low energy consumption and high efficiency of modern society and relieve increasingly serious resource, energy and environmental crisis. The building waste soil is one of the larger building waste, and the existing building waste soil treatment mode is only simple landfill or accumulation, so that the environmental hazard is easily caused.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the light environment-friendly ceramsite and the preparation method thereof, wherein the ceramsite has high strength and more uniform foaming pores; the preparation method has the advantages of simple process, convenient operation, environmental protection, low production cost, high production efficiency and the like.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

the light environment-friendly ceramsite comprises the following components in percentage by mass: industrial solid waste generated in the wet recovery process of the waste lithium ion battery: 23 to 60 percent; building waste soil: 40-76%; solid waste of ceramic industry: the balance; the industrial solid waste generated in the wet recovery process of the waste lithium ion battery is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: iron aluminous slag: 20 to 40 percent; calcium carbonate slag: 1 to 5 percent; waste stone ink powder: 1 to 5 percent; aluminum hydroxide slag: and (4) the balance.

Preferably, the solid waste in the ceramic industry is ceramic polishing waste residue or waste silicon carbide micropowder.

Preferably, the building spoil refers to spoil generated in the process of building, new construction, reconstruction or extension of a construction unit and the like.

Preferably, the building waste soil is selected from 60-70% SiO₂、20～25％Al₂O₃、5～10％Fe₂O₃、0～5％K₂O construction waste laterite. The building waste soil and the iron aluminous slag are sintered at high temperature to generate aluminosilicate substances which are used as internal network frameworks of the light high-strength ceramsite so as to improve the cylinder pressure strength of the sintered light environment-friendly ceramsite.

Industrial solid waste generated in the recovery process of the waste lithium ion battery is used as a main raw material for preparing the light environment-friendly ceramsite, and the iron-aluminous slag and the aluminum hydroxide slag are sintered and melted with the building waste soil at high temperature to form an aluminosilicate substance serving as an internal network framework of the light high-strength ceramsite, so that the compressive strength of the ceramsite product is improved; the calcium carbonate slag, the graphite powder and the ceramic polishing waste slag or the waste silicon carbide micropowder are used as pore-forming additives required by the preparation of the light environment-friendly ceramsite, and the volume density, the water absorption rate and the sintering temperature of the sintered light environment-friendly ceramsite are reduced, so that the production energy consumption is reduced, the cost is saved, and the product quality is improved.

A preparation method of light environment-friendly ceramsite comprises the following steps:

(1) mixing industrial solid waste, building waste soil and ceramic industry solid waste generated in the wet recovery process of the waste lithium ion battery, carrying out wet ball milling to obtain slurry, carrying out filter pressing to obtain a filter cake, carrying out pugging on the filter cake, and carrying out extrusion granulation to obtain a ceramsite green body;

(2) and (3) aging the ceramsite green body, drying, preheating, sintering and expanding at a high temperature, and cooling to obtain the light environment-friendly ceramsite.

Preferably, industrial solid waste, building waste soil and ceramic industry solid waste generated in the wet recovery process of the waste lithium ion battery are mixed according to the mass ratio of 20-30:19-38: 1.

Preferably, the rotation speed of the wet ball milling in the step (1) is 200-300 r/min, and the ball milling time is 2-4 h.

Preferably, the pressure of the filter press selected for filter pressing in the step (1) is more than 30 kg.

Preferably, the extrusion granulation in the step (1) is followed by filtration, and the filtration is performed to obtain a green compact particle size of 0.5-2 cm.

Preferably, the time for aging the ceramsite green body in the step (2) is 12-24 h.

Preferably, the drying temperature in the step (2) is 90-120 ℃, and the time is 4-12 h.

Preferably, the preheating temperature in the step (2) is 300-400 ℃, and the time is 10-30 min.

Preferably, the temperature of the high-temperature sintering and expanding in the step (2) is 1050-1150 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3-10 min.

Preferably, the cooling of step (2) is selected from air cooling.

The application of light environment-friendly ceramsite in building material industry, gardening and industrial filter materials and fire-resistant heat-insulating materials.

The invention relates to a building material product prepared by taking three solid wastes of emerging industries, namely a large solid waste-iron-aluminum-vanadium slag and the like in the waste lithium battery recycling industry, building industry waste-building waste soil and ceramic industry solid waste-waste silicon carbide micro powder and the like as raw materials and fully quantifying 100% of the solid wastes. Compared with the traditional method for preparing the ceramsite raw material by dry crushing, screening and then adding water for granulation, the method provided by the invention directly performs wet ball milling-filter pressing on the raw material in proportion, and then directly pugging and extruding for granulation. The method has the advantages of simple process, convenient operation, environmental protection, low production cost, high production efficiency and the like.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the ceramsite disclosed by the invention has the advantages of light weight, environmental friendliness, high strength and uniform foaming pores, meets the national relevant standards, has a very good industrial application prospect, and can be applied to the industries of building materials, gardening, industrial filter materials, refractory heat-insulating materials and the like.

1) The raw materials of the invention are 100 percent of total solid waste, and the ceramsite is prepared by adopting a high-temperature sintering and swelling process, and the invention has the advantages of simple process, low investment, low cost, no secondary pollution, convenient operation, high production efficiency and the like;

2) the invention takes industrial solid waste, building waste soil and ceramic industry solid waste generated in the wet recovery process of the waste lithium ion battery as raw materials, provides a new way for the comprehensive utilization of the full solid waste resources of the industrial solid waste, the building waste soil and the ceramic industry solid waste generated in the wet recovery process of the waste lithium ion battery, and can relieve the increasing resource, energy and environmental crisis for reducing the ecological environment and increasing the value of the ecological environment.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail by examples below. It should be understood, however, that the description herein of specific embodiments is only intended to illustrate the invention and not to limit the scope of the invention.