阅读说明：本技术 一种工程机械用差速器、减速器总成及方法 (Differential mechanism, speed reducer assembly and method for engineering machinery ) 是由 黄兴明 陈维雄 徐奉 吕远 冯凯 潘俊峄 于 2019-09-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种工程机械用差速器、减速器总成及方法,包括差速器壳体,差速器壳体与环状的第一锥齿轮的端面固定连接,第一锥齿轮连接有十字轴,十字轴包括相互垂直的第一轴和第二轴,第一轴两端与第一锥齿轮固定连接,第二轴轴线垂直于第一锥齿轮端面,第二轴两端连接有第二锥齿轮,第一轴两端连接有第三锥齿轮,第二锥齿轮和第三锥齿轮相啮合,差速器壳体位于其中一个第二锥齿轮相应的位置处开设多个锁紧孔,锁紧孔中插入有锁紧销,锁紧销与套设在差速器壳体外周的锁紧环接触,锁紧环沿第二锥齿轮轴线方向的运动能够带动锁紧销沿第二锥齿轮径向运动,锁紧环与拨叉连接,拨叉与液压驱动机构连接,本发明的差速器操作方便,可靠性高。(The invention relates to a differential mechanism and a speed reducer assembly for engineering machinery and a method thereof, the differential mechanism comprises a differential mechanism shell, the differential mechanism shell is fixedly connected with the end surface of an annular first bevel gear, the first bevel gear is connected with a cross shaft, the cross shaft comprises a first shaft and a second shaft which are mutually vertical, two ends of the first shaft are fixedly connected with the first bevel gear, the axis of the second shaft is vertical to the end surface of the first bevel gear, two ends of the second shaft are connected with second bevel gears, two ends of the first shaft are connected with third bevel gears, the second bevel gears are meshed with the third bevel gears, the differential mechanism shell is provided with a plurality of locking holes at the corresponding positions of one second bevel gear, locking pins are inserted into the locking holes and are contacted with locking rings which are sleeved on the periphery of the differential mechanism shell, the locking rings can be driven to move along, the shifting fork is connected with the hydraulic driving mechanism, and the differential mechanism is convenient to operate and high in reliability.)

1. A differential mechanism for engineering machinery is characterized by comprising a differential mechanism shell, the differential mechanism shell is fixedly connected with the end face of an annular first bevel gear, the first bevel gear is connected with a cross shaft, the cross shaft comprises a first shaft and a second shaft which are perpendicular to each other, two ends of the first shaft are fixedly connected with the first bevel gear, the axis of the second shaft is perpendicular to the end face of the first bevel gear, two ends of the second shaft are connected with second bevel gears, two ends of the first shaft are connected with third bevel gears, the second bevel gears are meshed with the third bevel gears, a plurality of locking holes are formed in the differential mechanism shell at positions corresponding to one of the second bevel gears, locking pins are inserted into the locking holes and are in contact with locking rings sleeved on the periphery of the differential mechanism shell, the locking rings can drive the locking pins to move along the radial direction of the second, the shifting fork is connected with a hydraulic driving mechanism, and the hydraulic driving mechanism can drive the locking ring to move through the shifting fork.

2. The differential mechanism for construction machinery according to claim 1, wherein the hydraulic drive mechanism includes a hydraulic housing, a passage is provided in the hydraulic housing, a bushing is provided in the passage, the bushing divides the passage into a first passage portion and a second passage portion, a piston is provided in the first passage portion, the piston is fixedly connected to one end of a support shaft, the support shaft passes through the bushing and extends into the second passage portion, the support shaft is fixedly connected to a shift fork, and an elastic member is provided between the shift fork and the hydraulic housing and between the shift fork and the bushing for restoring the support shaft.

3. The differential mechanism for construction machinery according to claim 1, wherein the locking ring is provided at an outer periphery thereof with a locking groove, and the fork extends into the locking groove, and the fork can touch a side groove surface of the locking groove to drive the locking ring to move along the second bevel gear axis.

4. The differential mechanism for construction machinery according to claim 1, wherein the contact surface of the locking ring and the locking pin is arranged at an angle with the axial direction of the second bevel gear, and the movement of the locking ring along the axial direction of the second bevel gear can drive the locking pin to move along the radial direction of the second bevel gear, so as to realize the switching of the state that the locking pin presses the second bevel gear and releases the second bevel gear.

5. The differential mechanism for the engineering machinery as claimed in claim 1, wherein grooves matched with the locking pins in number are formed in the second bevel gear, the locking pins can extend into the grooves, groove surfaces on two sides of the grooves in the circumferential direction of the second bevel gear can be in contact with the locking pins and are arranged at an included angle with the axis of the locking pins, and the locking pins can be separated from the grooves by relative rotation of the second bevel gear and the differential mechanism shell.

6. A reducer assembly, characterized in that, the differential mechanism for engineering machinery according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is adopted, the differential mechanism housing is rotatably connected with the reducer housing, the reducer housing is rotatably connected with an input shaft, the input shaft is connected with a fourth bevel gear, the fourth bevel gear is meshed with the first bevel gear, and the hydraulic driving mechanism is connected with the reducer housing.

7. The retarder assembly of claim 6, wherein the differential housing is rotatably coupled at each end to a first adjusting nut and a second adjusting nut, respectively, the first adjusting nut and the second adjusting nut being threadably secured to the retarder housing.

8. The retarder assembly of claim 6, wherein a locknut is threadedly coupled to the retarder housing for preventing the first and second adjusting nuts from disengaging the retarder housing after being loosened.

9. The retarder assembly of claim 6, wherein a seal is disposed between the input shaft and the retarder housing.

10. A working method of a differential mechanism for construction machinery as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the hydraulic drive mechanism drives the shift fork to move, the shift fork drives the locking ring to move along the axial direction of the second bevel gear, the locking ring drives the locking pin to move along the radial direction of the second bevel gear, the locking pin is pressed against the second bevel gear under the action of the shift fork and the locking ring to complete the locking of the second bevel gear with the differential mechanism housing, the hydraulic drive mechanism drives the shift fork to move in the reverse direction, the locking pin contacts the pressing state of the second bevel gear, and the locking state of the second bevel gear with the differential mechanism housing is released.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of engineering machinery, in particular to a differential mechanism, a speed reducer assembly and a method for engineering machinery.

Background

The differential lock of the current engineering mechanical speed reducer has the forms of forced locking and high friction self-locking.

The forced locking type differential lock is that a differential lock is arranged on a common symmetrical bevel gear differential, and the differential lock has the advantages of simple structure, easiness in manufacturing and higher torque distribution ratio. However, the inventor finds that this form is quite inconvenient to operate and generally requires parking; in addition, if the differential locks are picked up too early or picked off too late, a series of problems can occur without the differential.

The inventor also finds that the high-friction self-locking structure is complex, the processing requirement is high, the friction part is abraded greatly, and the cost is high.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides the differential for the engineering machinery, which is convenient to operate, low in cost and high in reliability.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a differential mechanism for engineering machinery comprises a differential mechanism shell, wherein the differential mechanism shell is fixedly connected with the end face of an annular first bevel gear, the first bevel gear is connected with a cross shaft, the cross shaft comprises a first shaft and a second shaft which are mutually vertical, two ends of the first shaft are fixedly connected with the first bevel gear, the axis of the second shaft is vertical to the end face of the first bevel gear, two ends of the second shaft are connected with second bevel gears, two ends of the first shaft are connected with third bevel gears, the second bevel gears are meshed with the third bevel gears, a plurality of locking holes are formed in the differential mechanism shell at the corresponding positions of one of the second bevel gears, locking pins are inserted into the locking holes and are in contact with locking rings sleeved on the periphery of the differential mechanism shell, the locking pins can be driven to move along the radial direction of the second bevel gears by the movement of the locking, the hydraulic driving mechanism can drive the locking ring to move through the shifting fork.

Further, hydraulic drive mechanism includes the hydraulic pressure casing, be equipped with the passageway in the hydraulic pressure casing, be equipped with the bush in the passageway, the bush separates the passageway for first passageway portion and second passageway portion, be equipped with the piston in the first passageway portion, the one end fixed connection of piston and back shaft, the back shaft passes in the bush stretches into second passageway portion, back shaft and shift fork fixed connection, all be equipped with the elastic component between shift fork and hydraulic pressure casing and the bush for reset the back shaft.

Furthermore, the locking ring periphery is equipped with the draw-in groove, the shift fork stretches into in the draw-in groove, and the side slot face of draw-in groove can be touched to the shift fork, drives the locking ring along the motion of second bevel gear axis direction.

Furthermore, the contact surface of the locking ring and the locking pin and the axis direction of the second bevel gear form an included angle, and the movement of the locking ring along the axis direction of the second bevel gear can drive the locking pin to move along the radial direction of the second bevel gear, so that the switching of the states of the second bevel gear pressed by the locking pin and the second bevel gear loosened by the locking pin is realized.

Further, be provided with on the second bevel gear with the assorted recess of fitting pin quantity, the fitting pin can stretch into in the recess, the recess can contact with the fitting pin along the both sides grooved surface of second bevel gear circumferential direction, and is the contained angle setting with the axis of fitting pin, and the relative rotation of second bevel gear and differential mechanism casing can make the fitting pin break away from in the recess.

The invention also discloses a speed reducer assembly, which adopts the differential with the locking function for the engineering machinery, wherein the differential shell is rotationally connected with the speed reducer shell, the speed reducer shell is rotationally connected with an input shaft, the input shaft is connected with a fourth bevel gear, the fourth bevel gear is meshed with the first bevel gear, and the hydraulic driving mechanism is connected with the speed reducer shell.

Furthermore, the two ends of the differential shell are respectively in rotating connection with a first adjusting nut and a second adjusting nut, and the first adjusting nut and the second adjusting nut are fixedly connected with the thread of the speed reducer shell.

Furthermore, threaded connection has locknut on the reduction gear casing, locknut is used for preventing first adjusting nut and second adjusting nut after not hard up break away from the reduction gear casing.

Furthermore, a sealing ring is arranged between the input shaft and the speed reducer shell.

The invention also discloses a working method of the differential for the engineering machinery, which comprises the following steps: the hydraulic driving mechanism drives the shifting fork to move, the shifting fork drives the locking ring to move along the axis direction of the second bevel gear, the locking ring drives the locking pin to move along the radial direction of the second bevel gear, the locking pin is tightly pressed on the second bevel gear under the action of the shifting fork and the locking ring, the locking of the second bevel gear and the differential mechanism shell is completed, the hydraulic driving mechanism drives the shifting fork to move in the reverse direction, the locking pin is in contact with the tightly pressed state of the second bevel gear, and the locking state of the second bevel gear and the differential mechanism shell is released.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the differential mechanism realizes the locking of the differential mechanism by using the hydraulic driving mechanism, has simple operation, high reliability and low failure rate, does not need to be operated when the vehicle stops, and avoids a series of problems caused when the differential mechanism is not used if the traditional forced locking type differential lock is connected too early or is disconnected too late.

2. According to the speed reducer assembly, the differential mechanism and the speed reducer shell are integrally installed, so that the structure is compact, the maintenance is convenient, and the cost is low. The locking pin, the locking ring and the shifting fork of the differential are arranged in the speed reducer shell, so that parts connected with the outside are reduced.

3. The differential mechanism disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the locking pin is utilized to press the second bevel gear to realize locking, the contact area is small during pressing, the abrasion and damage to the second bevel gear are avoided, the service life is long, and the cost is low.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of embodiment 2 of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line A of FIG. 1 in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line B in FIG. 2 according to the present invention

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the groove and the locking pin of embodiment 2 of the present invention;

the differential comprises a differential shell 1, a first bevel gear 2, a first shaft 3, a second shaft 4, a second bevel gear 5, a third bevel gear 6, a planet wheel gasket 7, a groove 8, a locking pin 9, a locking ring 10, a clamping groove 11, a hydraulic shell 12, a bushing 13, a piston shell 14, a piston 15, a piston 16, an oil inlet channel 17, a supporting shaft 18, a shifting fork 19, a spring 20, a reducer shell 20, a first bearing 21, a first adjusting nut 22, a first anti-loosening bolt 23, a bearing support 24, a half shaft gear gasket 25, a second bearing 26, a second adjusting nut 27, an input shaft 28, a fourth bevel gear 29, an input flange 30, a third bearing 31, a fourth bearing 32, a fourth bearing 33, a locking nut 34 and a sealing ring.

Detailed Description

It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.

It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

For convenience of description, the words "up" and "down" in the present application, if any, are used merely to indicate correspondence with the directions of the upper and lower portions of the drawings, and are not intended to limit the structure, but merely to facilitate the description of the present invention and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or components so referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be considered as limiting the present invention.

As introduced by the background art, the current differential lock is inconvenient to operate and high in cost, and the differential mechanism for the engineering machinery is provided.

In a typical embodiment example 1 of this application, as shown in fig. 1-3, a differential mechanism for engineering machine tool, including differential housing 1, differential housing middle part position can be dismantled with first bevel gear 2's terminal surface through the bolt and be connected, and first bevel gear's rotation can drive differential housing's synchronous rotation, first bevel gear is the loop configuration, is connected with the cross axle in its inside cavity, the cross axle includes mutually perpendicular and the integral type first axle 3 and the secondary shaft 4 of connecting, the both ends of first axle and first bevel gear fixed connection, the terminal surface parallel arrangement of first axle axis and first bevel gear, the secondary shaft axis sets up and secondary shaft and first bevel gear coaxial arrangement perpendicularly with first bevel gear's terminal surface.

Two ends of the second shaft are connected with second bevel gears 5 which are used for connecting wheels through transmission shafts, two ends of the first shaft are connected with third bevel gears 6, and the third bevel gears are meshed with the second bevel gears. A planet wheel gasket 7 is arranged between the third bevel gear and the differential housing.

Four grooves 8 are formed in the side circumferential surface of the second bevel gear on one side of the two third bevel gears, the four grooves are evenly formed along the circumferential surface of the second bevel gear, locking holes are formed in the positions, corresponding to the grooves, of the differential case, locking pins 9 are inserted into the locking holes, one ends of the locking pins are used for being inserted into the grooves, the other ends of the locking pins are in contact with the inner side surface of a locking ring 10, and the locking ring is sleeved on the outer circumferential surface of the differential case.

The contact surface of the locking ring and the locking pin is arranged at an included angle with the axis of the second bevel gear, and when the locking ring moves along the axis of the second bevel gear, the locking ring can drive the locking pin to move along the radial direction of the second bevel gear, so that the state switching between the state that the locking pin presses the second bevel gear and the state that the second bevel gear is loosened is realized.

The groove can be in contact with the end part of the locking pin along the lateral groove surfaces of the two sides of the second bevel gear in the circumferential direction, an included angle is formed between the contact surface and the axis of the locking pin, and when the second bevel gear rotates relative to the differential shell, the groove surface of the groove in the circumferential direction of the second bevel gear can be in contact with the end part of the locking pin, and the locking pin can be separated from the groove through relative rotation.

The side circumference of the locking ring is provided with a clamping groove 11, the locking ring is connected with a hydraulic driving mechanism through the clamping groove, the hydraulic driving mechanism comprises a hydraulic shell 12, a channel is arranged in the hydraulic shell, a bushing 13 is fixed in the channel, the bushing divides the channel into a first channel part and a second channel part, the first channel part is fixed with a piston shell 14, the piston shell is provided with a cavity communicated with the first channel part, a piston 15 is arranged in the cavity, and the piston can move in the cavity along the axis direction of the channel. And an oil inlet channel 16 communicated with the cavity is further arranged on the piston shell, and hydraulic oil can be injected into the piston shell through the oil inlet channel to drive the piston to move.

The piston is fixedly connected with a support shaft 17, the support shaft penetrates through the bushing and extends into the second channel portion, the support shaft is fixedly connected with a shifting fork 18, and the shifting fork extends out of the hydraulic shell and extends into a clamping groove formed in the locking ring.

An elastic part is arranged between one end of the shifting fork and the bushing, an elastic part is also arranged between the other end of the shifting fork and the bottom surface of the hydraulic shell, and the elastic part adopts a spring 19 and can reset the shifting fork.

The hydraulic oil entering through the oil inlet channel can drive the piston to move, the piston drives the supporting shaft to move, the supporting shaft drives the shifting fork to move, the shifting fork drives the locking ring to move after being contacted with the groove surface of the groove, and therefore the locking pin is driven to press the second bevel gear, and the locking rigid connection between the second bevel gear and the differential shell is achieved.

After pressure is relieved, the shifting fork is reset under the action of the spring, the locking pin cannot be tightly pressed on the second bevel gear, locking and fixing of the second bevel gear and the differential case are released, the second bevel gear and the differential case slide relatively, and the locking pin is separated from the groove.