阅读说明：本技术 不适用烟叶的处理方法及处理后烟丝的可用性评价方法 (Method for processing inapplicable tobacco leaves and method for evaluating usability of processed tobacco shreds ) 是由 刘超 杨永锋 王宝林 程良琨 杨宗灿 张俊岭 张世英 王新中 贾国涛 马一琼 姚 于 2019-10-21 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种不适用烟叶的处理方法及处理后烟丝的可用性评价方法,包括：步骤a,超声波清洗,步骤b,第一次烘干,步骤c,回潮处理,步骤d,切丝处理,步骤e,第二次烘干。通过该方法处理后,提高了不适用烟叶在卷烟中的使用价值,缓解了卷烟企业不适用烟叶的库存压力。采用L9(3^4)正交法采用上述方法得出九组烟丝；将九组烟丝分别分为两份,一份通过化学成分测定法获取化学成分评价指标,并获取化学成分评价分值,另一份通过感官评价法获取感官质量评价分值；首先查看化学成分评价分值,优选出分值高于对照的处理,然后对优选出的处理比较其感官质量评价分值,感官质量评价分值越高则越优。该方法可以对烟丝质量进行评定。(The invention discloses a method for processing inapplicable tobacco leaves and a method for evaluating the usability of processed tobacco shreds, which comprises the following steps: step a, ultrasonic cleaning, step b, primary drying, step c, moisture regain treatment, step d, shredding treatment, step e and secondary drying. After the treatment by the method, the use value of the inapplicable tobacco leaves in cigarettes is improved, and the storage pressure of the inapplicable tobacco leaves in cigarette enterprises is relieved. Obtaining nine groups of cut tobaccos by adopting the method through an L9(3^4) orthogonal method; dividing nine groups of cut tobacco into two parts, wherein one part obtains chemical component evaluation indexes and chemical component evaluation scores through a chemical component determination method, and the other part obtains sensory quality evaluation scores through a sensory evaluation method; the evaluation scores of the chemical components are checked firstly, the treatment with the scores higher than the control is preferably selected, then the sensory quality evaluation scores of the treatment with the preference are compared, and the higher the sensory quality evaluation score is, the better the sensory quality evaluation score is. The method can be used for evaluating the quality of the cut tobacco.)

1. A method for treating unsuitable tobacco leaves, comprising:

step a, ultrasonic cleaning: cleaning the inapplicable tobacco leaves in an ultrasonic cleaning instrument for 30-90 s;

step b, drying for the first time: putting the cleaned tobacco leaves into a drying box to be dried for 6-8 h;

step c, moisture regain treatment: putting the dried tobacco leaves into a constant temperature and humidity box for moisture regain treatment;

step d, shredding: cutting the remoistened tobacco leaves into tobacco shreds with the width of 1.0 +/-0.1 mm;

step e, drying for the second time: and putting the tobacco shreds into the drying box again to be dried for 2-3 h to obtain the usable tobacco shreds.

2. The method for treating non-applicable tobacco leaves according to claim 1, wherein: the ultrasonic cleaning specifically comprises the following steps of pouring distilled water into an ultrasonic cleaning instrument, heating the distilled water to 30-60 ℃, putting the inapplicable tobacco leaves into the distilled water, turning on ultrasonic waves at the same time, and setting the ultrasonic frequency to be 25-40 Hz.

3. A method of treating off-the-shelf tobacco leaves according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the ultrasonic cleaning instrument is a BRANSON BRANSONIC ultrasonic bench type cleaning machine in America, and the model is CPX 8800H-C.

4. The method for treating non-applicable tobacco leaves according to claim 1, wherein: in step b, the temperature in the drying oven was set to 35 ℃.

5. The method for treating non-applicable tobacco leaves according to claim 1, wherein: in the step c, the humidity of the constant temperature and humidity box is set to be 75-80%, the temperature is set to be 20-24 ℃, and the moisture regaining time is 8-12 h.

6. The method for treating non-applicable tobacco leaves according to claim 5, wherein: in step e, the temperature in the drying oven was set to 35 ℃.

7. A tobacco shred usability evaluation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1: treating non-applicable tobacco leaves by the method of any one of claims 1 to 6 by using an L9(3^4) orthogonal method to obtain nine groups of cut tobaccos;

step 2: dividing nine groups of cut tobacco into two parts, wherein one part obtains chemical component evaluation indexes through a chemical component determination method, obtains chemical component evaluation scores according to a valuation method of Chinese tobacco planting divisions, and obtains sensory quality evaluation scores through a sensory evaluation method;

and step 3: obtaining chemical component evaluation indexes of untreated non-applicable tobacco leaves through a chemical component determination method to serve as reference indexes, and obtaining chemical component evaluation scores according to a valuation method of Chinese tobacco planting divisions to serve as reference scores;

and 4, step 4: and (3) checking the chemical component evaluation scores of the nine groups of tobacco shreds, selecting the groups with the scores higher than the reference score, and comparing the sensory quality evaluation scores of the selected groups, wherein the higher the sensory quality evaluation score is, the better the sensory quality evaluation score is.

8. The tobacco shred usability evaluation method according to claim 7, wherein: the L9(3^4) orthogonal method is provided with three factors which are distilled water temperature, ultrasonic treatment time and ultrasonic frequency respectively, each factor is provided with three levels, the three levels of the distilled water temperature are 30 ℃, 45 ℃ and 60 ℃, the three levels of the ultrasonic treatment time are 30s, 60s and 90s respectively, and the three levels of the ultrasonic frequency are 25Hz, 35Hz and 40Hz respectively.

9. The tobacco shred usability evaluation method according to claim 7, wherein: the chemical component evaluation indexes include nicotine, total nitrogen, total sugar, reducing sugar, potassium, chlorine, starch, sugar-base ratio, nitrogen-base ratio and potassium-chlorine ratio.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a tobacco leaf processing method and a tobacco shred evaluation method, in particular to a processing method of inapplicable tobacco leaves and an availability evaluation method of processed tobacco shreds.

Background

The tobacco leaf raw material is the basis of the cigarette industry, but because the tobacco leaves are agricultural products, the annual medium quality fluctuation is large, the quality difference between different grades and different parts is large, and the influence of factors such as insufficient refinement of the purchasing standard of the tobacco leaves, the difference of the eye light of grading personnel and the like is added, the quality of the tobacco leaves allocated by cigarette industry enterprises is unbalanced, the internal chemical components of part of the tobacco leaves are uncoordinated (the starch content is higher, the sugar and sugar-base ratio is low), the smoke is rough, the miscellaneous gas is obvious and the like, the tobacco leaves enter the formula for use, the smoking quality of cigarettes can be seriously influenced, the serious negative influence is brought to cigarette brands, and the inapplicable tobacco leaves are more and more in stock in the day and month, a large amount of funds are occupied, and the sustainable development of the. Therefore, the industrial availability of the unsuitable tobacco leaves is urgently improved.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for processing inapplicable tobacco leaves, which aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, obviously improve the harmony and the sensory quality of chemical components of the inapplicable tobacco leaves processed by the method, improve the use value of the inapplicable tobacco leaves in cigarettes and effectively relieve the inventory pressure of the inapplicable tobacco leaves of cigarette enterprises.

The invention also aims to provide a method for evaluating the usability of the processed tobacco shreds, which can evaluate the quality of the tobacco shreds and obtain the optimal tobacco leaf processing mode.

The invention provides a method for treating inapplicable tobacco leaves, which comprises the following steps:

step a, ultrasonic cleaning: cleaning the inapplicable tobacco leaves in an ultrasonic cleaning instrument for 30-90 s;

step b, drying for the first time: putting the cleaned tobacco leaves into a drying box to be dried for 6-8 h;

step c, moisture regain treatment: putting the dried tobacco leaves into a constant temperature and humidity box for moisture regain treatment;

step d, shredding: cutting the remoistened tobacco leaves into tobacco shreds with the width of 1.0 +/-0.1 mm;

step e, drying for the second time: and putting the tobacco shreds into the drying box again to be dried for 2-3 h to obtain the usable tobacco shreds.

In the foregoing method for treating unsuitable tobacco leaves, preferably, the ultrasonic cleaning specifically includes the steps of pouring distilled water into an ultrasonic cleaning apparatus, then heating the distilled water to 30 ℃ to 60 ℃, then placing unsuitable tobacco leaves into the distilled water, turning on the ultrasonic waves at the same time, and setting the ultrasonic frequency to 25Hz to 40 Hz.

In the foregoing method for treating unsuitable tobacco leaves, preferably, the ultrasonic cleaning apparatus is a bransonbarnsic ultrasonic bench type cleaning machine, model number of which is CPX 8800H-C.

In the foregoing method for treating inapplicable tobacco leaves, it is preferable that the temperature in the drying oven is set to 35 ℃ in the step b.

In the foregoing method for treating inapplicable tobacco leaves, preferably, in step c, the humidity of the constant temperature and humidity chamber is set to 75% -80%, the temperature is set to 20 ℃ -24 ℃, and the moisture regain time is 8h-12 h.

In the foregoing method for treating inapplicable tobacco leaves, it is preferable that the temperature in the drying oven is set to 35 ℃ in step e.

A cut tobacco usability evaluation method comprises the following steps:

step 1: treating non-applicable tobacco leaves by the method of any one of claims 1 to 6 by using an L9(3^4) orthogonal method to obtain nine groups of cut tobaccos;

step 2: dividing nine groups of cut tobacco into two parts, wherein one part obtains chemical component evaluation indexes through a chemical component determination method, obtains chemical component evaluation scores according to a valuation method of Chinese tobacco planting divisions, and obtains sensory quality evaluation scores through a sensory evaluation method;

and step 3: obtaining chemical component evaluation indexes of untreated non-applicable tobacco leaves through a chemical component determination method to serve as reference indexes, and obtaining chemical component evaluation scores according to a valuation method of Chinese tobacco planting divisions to serve as reference scores;

and 4, step 4: and (3) checking the chemical component evaluation scores of the nine groups of tobacco shreds, selecting the groups with the scores higher than the reference score, and comparing the sensory quality evaluation scores of the selected groups, wherein the higher the sensory quality evaluation score is, the better the sensory quality evaluation score is.

In the foregoing tobacco shred availability evaluation method, preferably, the L9(3^4) orthogonal method sets three factors, namely distilled water temperature, ultrasonic treatment time and ultrasonic frequency, respectively, each of the three factors sets three levels, the three levels of distilled water temperature are 30 ℃, 45 ℃ and 60 ℃, the three levels of ultrasonic treatment time are 30s, 60s and 90s, respectively, and the three levels of ultrasonic frequency are 25Hz, 35Hz and 40Hz, respectively.

In the foregoing cut tobacco usability evaluation method, preferably, the chemical component evaluation index includes nicotine, total nitrogen, total sugar, reducing sugar, potassium, chlorine, starch, sugar-base ratio, nitrogen-base ratio, and potassium-chlorine ratio.

Compared with the prior art, the processing method of the inapplicable tobacco leaves provided by the invention converts the inapplicable tobacco leaves in stock into the usable tobacco shreds through the steps of ultrasonic cleaning, primary drying, moisture regain processing, shredding processing, secondary drying and the like, so that the industrial availability of tobacco leaf raw materials is improved, the harmony and the sensory quality of chemical components of the inapplicable tobacco leaves in stock are obviously improved after the inapplicable tobacco leaves are processed by the method, the use value of the inapplicable tobacco leaves in cigarettes is improved, and the stock pressure of the inapplicable tobacco leaves in cigarette enterprises is effectively relieved.

The invention also provides a tobacco shred availability evaluation method, which is characterized in that the unsuitable tobacco leaves are processed by a treating method of the unsuitable tobacco leaves by adopting an L9(3^4) orthogonal method, and nine groups of tobacco shreds are obtained; dividing nine groups of tobacco shreds into two parts, respectively, obtaining chemical component evaluation indexes by a chemical component measuring method for the first part, obtaining chemical component evaluation scores by a valuation method of Chinese tobacco planting divisions for the second part, and obtaining sensory quality evaluation scores by a sensory evaluation method for the second part; the evaluation scores of the chemical components are checked firstly, the treatment with the scores higher than the control is preferably selected, then the sensory quality evaluation scores of the treatment with the preference are compared, and the higher the sensory quality evaluation score is, the better the sensory quality evaluation score is. By adopting the method, the optimal processing parameters of the tobacco leaves can be obtained, so that the use value of the tobacco leaves is improved to the maximum extent.

Detailed Description

The following examples are illustrative only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.

The embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps: a method for treating inapplicable tobacco leaves, comprising:

step a, ultrasonic cleaning, namely pouring distilled water into an ultrasonic cleaning instrument, heating the distilled water to 30-60 ℃, then putting the inapplicable tobacco leaves into the distilled water, simultaneously turning on ultrasonic waves, setting the ultrasonic frequency to be 25-40 Hz, and cleaning for 30-90 s;

b, drying for the first time, setting the temperature in a drying box to be 35 ℃, putting the cleaned tobacco leaves into the drying box to be dried for 6-8 hours, and twisting the dried tobacco leaves into pieces by using fingers;

c, moisture regaining treatment, namely putting the dried tobacco leaves into a constant temperature and humidity box with the humidity of 75-80% and the temperature of 20-24 ℃ for moisture regaining for 8-12 h;

step d, cutting the tobacco leaves after moisture regain into tobacco shreds with the width of 1.0 +/-0.1 mm by using a tobacco cutter;

and e, drying for the second time, namely putting the tobacco shreds into a drying box with the temperature of 35 ℃ again for drying for 2-3 h to obtain the available tobacco shreds.

It should be noted that the ultrasonic cleaning device, the drying box, the constant temperature and humidity box and the filament cutter are all commercially available products, the ultrasonic cleaning device can adopt a model of a BRANSON BRANSONIC ultrasonic bench cleaning machine CPX8800H-C in the United states, the drying box can adopt a model of a German BINDER electrothermal blowing drying box FED240, the constant temperature and humidity box can adopt a model of a German BINDER constant temperature and humidity box KBF240, and the filament cutter can adopt a model of an experimental filament cutter QS-2A of Zhengzhou Hengde general machinery GmbH.

A cut tobacco usability evaluation method comprises the following steps:

step 1: processing the inapplicable tobacco leaves by the processing method of the inapplicable tobacco leaves by adopting an L9(3^4) orthogonal method to obtain nine groups of tobacco shreds;

step 2: dividing nine groups of cut tobacco into two parts, wherein one part obtains chemical component evaluation indexes through a chemical component determination method, obtains chemical component evaluation scores according to a valuation method of Chinese tobacco planting divisions, and obtains sensory quality evaluation scores through a sensory evaluation method;

and step 3: obtaining chemical component evaluation indexes of untreated non-applicable tobacco leaves through a chemical component determination method to serve as reference indexes, and obtaining chemical component evaluation scores according to a valuation method of Chinese tobacco planting divisions to serve as reference scores;

and 4, step 4: and (3) checking the chemical component evaluation scores of the nine groups of tobacco shreds, selecting the groups with the scores higher than the reference score, and comparing the sensory quality evaluation scores of the selected groups, wherein the higher the sensory quality evaluation score is, the better the sensory quality evaluation score is.

Wherein the L9(3^4) orthogonal method is provided with three factors which are distilled water temperature, ultrasonic treatment time and ultrasonic frequency respectively, each factor is provided with three levels, the three levels of the distilled water temperature are 30 ℃, 45 ℃ and 60 ℃, the three levels of the ultrasonic treatment time are 30s, 60s and 90s respectively, and the three levels of the ultrasonic frequency are 25Hz, 35Hz and 40Hz respectively. The chemical component evaluation indexes include nicotine, total nitrogen, total sugar, reducing sugar, potassium, chlorine, starch, sugar-base ratio, nitrogen-base ratio and potassium-chlorine ratio.

For ease of understanding, the invention is further described below in connection with a specific case.

The method comprises the steps of selecting a module (A) selected from the upper part of the Henan in 2016, a module (B) mixed and beaten in multiple regions of the Henan in 2016, and a module (C) selected from the upper part of the flattop in 2016, wherein the number of the modules is 3, namely, tobacco leaves with low grade, and distilled water (three grade).

The method comprises the steps of processing tobacco leaves according to an L9(3^4) orthogonal method, setting three factors X (distilled water temperature in an ultrasonic cleaner), Y (processing time of the ultrasonic cleaner) and Z (frequency of the ultrasonic cleaner), setting three levels for each factor, and showing the factor level in a table 1 and the processing design in a table 2.

TABLE 1

TABLE 2

The tobacco leaf samples A, B and C respectively adopt the design parameters of Table 2 and combine with the treatment method of inapplicable tobacco leaves to obtain nine groups of cut tobaccos, namely A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9, B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7, B8, B9, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8 and C9, and the tobacco leaf samples except the 9 cut tobaccos are used as controls without any treatment and are respectively marked as A0, B0 and C0.

Grinding a part of tobacco shred samples, sieving the tobacco shred samples by a 60-mesh sieve, and then using the tobacco shred samples for measuring conventional chemical components, wherein the nicotine content is measured by referring to an YC/T160-.

And (3) obtaining chemical component evaluation indexes by a chemical component measuring method, and obtaining chemical component evaluation scores according to a valuation method of the Chinese tobacco planting divisions. The results of the chemical component evaluation index measurements are shown in Table 5, and the evaluation results are shown in Table 6.

TABLE 5

Unit: is based on

TABLE 6

Treatment of	Nicotine	Total nitrogen	Reducing sugar	Potassium salt	Starch	Ratio of sugar to base	Nitrogen to base ratio	Ratio of potassium to chlorine	Weighted total score
										A0	100.00	100.00	100.00	71.44	99.40	93.17	93.92	16.73	87.80
A1	100.00	100.00	100.00	71.50	100.00	94.48	93.75	15.95	88.09
										A2	100.00	100.00	98.58	66.49	99.60	98.75	100.00	14.24	89.06
A3	100.00	100.00	100.00	70.50	98.10	93.36	99.67	16.51	88.30
										A4	96.62	100.00	97.62	64.70	100.00	99.64	100.00	16.48	88.66
A5	97.85	100.00	95.45	64.98	100.00	99.30	100.00	14.60	88.33
										A6	97.10	100.00	100.00	60.98	100.00	99.41	100.00	15.30	88.61
A7	100.00	100.00	92.36	68.35	93.70	90.42	100.00	16.04	86.01
										A8	100.00	100.00	100.00	57.65	99.10	96.67	100.00	16.01	88.16
A9	98.33	100.00	96.75	60.00	100.00	95.38	100.00	17.42	87.47
										B0	100.00	94.78	83.71	69.80	61.20	82.81	100.00	13.81	80.06
B1	100.00	93.93	70.22	63.85	64.80	83.49	93.79	13.19	77.31
										B2	99.02	100.00	88.43	70.22	72.80	92.10	93.45	14.30	83.52
B3	98.56	100.00	82.81	54.89	65.00	91.46	94.23	11.58	80.56
										B4	100.00	100.00	82.52	63.68	70.00	88.03	95.46	14.27	81.34
B5	100.00	96.32	72.17	73.47	61.00	78.40	95.80	17.30	77.62
										B6	100.00	93.70	75.49	67.52	58.80	76.52	95.49	15.60	76.56
B7	100.00	99.42	81.46	61.44	68.00	88.51	94.96	14.28	80.89
										B8	99.00	96.18	80.54	54.44	68.20	86.18	93.57	12.02	78.81
B9	96.40	96.72	74.59	60.36	62.60	84.53	90.66	14.37	77.14
										C0	100.00	100.00	99.10	64.20	97.20	83.18	93.71	18.86	84.61
C1	100.00	100.00	93.35	65.19	100.00	89.80	91.01	15.62	85.15
										C2	100.00	100.00	93.05	69.00	100.00	90.37	93.29	21.53	86.34
C3	100.00	100.00	96.95	67.89	100.00	85.09	89.79	18.87	84.85
										C4	100.00	100.00	94.19	63.04	100.00	89.54	94.60	17.39	85.59
C5	100.00	100.00	89.44	54.27	99.70	86.54	95.88	16.89	83.54
										C6	97.09	100.00	91.26	81.17	97.40	79.77	88.84	19.82	83.09
C7	100.00	100.00	95.48	61.97	100.00	89.58	92.46	18.98	85.60
										C8	100.00	100.00	92.90	58.40	99.60	91.22	97.02	18.02	85.75
C9	100.00	100.00	91.12	49.73	100.00	87.02	95.89	13.44	83.25

As can be seen from tables 4 and 5, after the treatment, the starch content of the partially treated tobacco leaves is reduced, the reducing sugar content is increased, and the sugar-base ratio is increased. For tobacco leaf a, each treatment score is expressed as: a2 > A4 > A6 > A5 > A3 > A8 > A1 > A0 > A9 > A7; for tobacco leaf B, the treatment scores were as follows: b2 > B4 > B7 > B3 > B0 > B8 > B5 > B1 > B9 > B6; for tobacco leaf C, each treatment score is represented as: c2 > C8 > C7 > C4 > C1 > C3 > C0 > C5 > C9 > C6; namely, for the tobacco leaf a, the treatments a2, a4, a6, a5, A3, A8 and a1 are preferably carried out for the next comparison of sensory quality evaluation, for the tobacco leaf B, the treatments B2, B4, B7 and B3 are preferably carried out for the next comparison, and for the tobacco leaf C, the treatments C2, C8, C7, C4, C1 and C3 are preferably carried out for the next comparison.

A part of the tobacco shred samples are taken to prepare cigarettes, 7 professional smokers with industry sensory evaluation technical post qualification certificate conduct sensory quality evaluation according to YC/T138 tobacco and tobacco product sensory evaluation methods in 9 grades, and specific sensory quality evaluation scores are shown in Table 3.

TABLE 3

As can be seen from the table, the smoothness of the treated smoke is obviously improved, the sweet feeling is enhanced, the miscellaneous gas is reduced to a certain extent, and the aftertaste is comfortable and clean. Each treatment score is expressed as: a2 > a1 ═ a5 > a4 > a0 > a6 > a9 > a7 > A8; b4 > B7 > B8 > B2 > B9 > B1 ═ B0 > B3 > B6 > B5; c1 > C2 > C9 > C3 > C8 > C0 > C4 > C5 ═ C6 > C7. Wherein, the treatment with the preferred chemical component evaluation score higher than the control is represented as: a2 > a1 ═ a5 > a4 > a6 > A8; b4 > B7 > B2 > B3; c1 > C2 > C3 > C8 > C4 > C7.

The results of the general chemical composition and sensory quality evaluation are comprehensively analyzed, and the tobacco leaf a is treated with the A2 to obtain the highest evaluation score of the harmony of the general chemical composition and the sensory quality, namely the optimal treatment conditions are as follows: the temperature is 30 ℃, the time is 60s, and the frequency is 40 KHz; for tobacco leaf B, the B4 treatment gave the highest sensory evaluation score and slightly lower chemical composition harmony score than the B2 treatment, so B4 was the optimal treatment condition, namely: the temperature is 45 degrees, the time is 30s, and the frequency is 40 KHz; for tobacco leaf C, the conventional chemical ingredient harmony evaluation score and the sensory quality evaluation score of the tobacco leaf treated with A2 were the highest, i.e., the optimum treatment conditions were: the temperature is 30 ℃, the time is 30s, and the frequency is 35 KHz.

After the tobacco leaves are subjected to ultrasonic water washing under the optimal action condition, the content of reducing sugar in the tobacco leaves is increased, the sugar-base ratio is increased, the starch content is reduced, the evaluation score of the overall harmony of the conventional chemical components is improved, the fineness of smoke generated by sensory evaluation is obviously improved, the aftertaste is enhanced, miscellaneous gas is reduced to some extent, and the aftertaste tends to be clean.

The method, features and effects of the present invention are described in detail in the embodiments, which are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and all equivalent embodiments changed or modified according to the concept of the present invention should be protected without departing from the spirit of the present invention.