Vertical cement clinker grate type particle grading cooler and cooling method
阅读说明:本技术 一种竖式水泥熟料篦式颗粒分级冷却机及冷却方法 (Vertical cement clinker grate type particle grading cooler and cooling method ) 是由 赵亮 彭学平 孙建 代中元 陈昌华 于 2019-11-14 设计创作,主要内容包括:本发明属于水泥烧成设备领域,具体涉及一种竖式水泥熟料篦式颗粒分级冷却机,该冷却机的上层为窑门罩;在窑门罩下方靠近回转窑一侧设有细料冷却区,细料冷却区一侧设有粗料冷却区,二者通过隔离冷却墙隔开;所述细料冷却区上端倾斜布置有过滤熟料用的两级筛滤篦板;在冷却机的下层设有将所有落料进行再次冷却的二次冷却区,二次冷却区包括设在冷却机底端的若干下料灰斗,所述下料灰斗最终将冷却后的熟料收集到冷却机下方的拉链机中。本发明实现了熟料分级分别冷却,可以达到很好的换热效果,同时降低熟料的料层阻力,达到节能降耗的目的;实现两次熟料与空气的逆流换热过程,冷却效果好。(The invention belongs to the field of cement firing equipment, and particularly relates to a vertical cement clinker grate type particle grading cooler, wherein a kiln door cover is arranged on the upper layer of the cooler; a fine material cooling area is arranged below the kiln door cover and close to one side of the rotary kiln, a coarse material cooling area is arranged at one side of the fine material cooling area, and the fine material cooling area and the coarse material cooling area are separated by an isolation cooling wall; the upper end of the fine material cooling area is obliquely provided with a two-stage screening and filtering grid plate for filtering clinker; and a secondary cooling area for cooling all the blanking again is arranged at the lower layer of the cooler, the secondary cooling area comprises a plurality of blanking ash hoppers arranged at the bottom end of the cooler, and the cooled clinker is finally collected into a zipper machine below the cooler by the blanking ash hoppers. According to the invention, clinker is respectively cooled in a grading way, so that a good heat exchange effect can be achieved, the material layer resistance of the clinker is reduced, and the purposes of energy conservation and consumption reduction are achieved; the countercurrent heat exchange process of clinker and air is realized twice, and the cooling effect is good.)
1. The utility model provides a vertical cement clinker comb formula granule grading cooler which characterized in that: the upper layer of the cooler is a kiln door cover; one side of the kiln door cover is connected with the rotary kiln and the tertiary air pipe; the tertiary air pipe is communicated with the decomposing furnace;
a fine material cooling area is arranged below the kiln door cover and close to one side of the rotary kiln, and the fine material cooling area comprises a fine material side air inlet and a fine material side air outlet which are used for reversely exchanging heat with the blanking; a coarse material cooling area is arranged on one side of the fine material cooling area, and the bottom of the coarse material cooling area comprises a coarse material side air inlet arranged on the side surface of the coarse material cooling area; the fine material cooling area and the coarse material cooling area are separated by an isolation cooling wall;
the upper end of the fine material cooling area is obliquely provided with two stages of screening and filtering grid plates for filtering clinker, the two stages of screening and filtering grid plates are arranged right below a kiln discharge point of the rotary kiln, and the lower end parts of the two stages of screening and filtering grid plates are connected with the upper end of the isolation cooling wall; in addition, the two-stage screening and filtering grid plates are arranged in parallel and form an included angle of 40-60 degrees with the horizontal direction; the size of the grid gap of the upper grid plate is larger than that of the grid gap of the lower grid plate;
and a secondary cooling area for cooling all the blanking again is arranged at the lower layer of the cooler, the secondary cooling area comprises a plurality of blanking ash hoppers arranged at the bottom end of the cooler, and the cooled clinker is finally collected into a zipper machine below the cooler by the blanking ash hoppers.
2. The vertical cement clinker grate type grain classifying cooler according to claim 1, characterized in that: the two-stage screening and filtering grid plate is made of nickel alloy, and a ceramic patch is arranged on the contact surface of the grid plate and clinker; the two-stage screening and filtering grid plate is hollow, and a plurality of vent holes which can enable an external air source to enter the cooler are formed in the positions, right opposite to the grid gaps, of the screening and filtering grid plate; the interior of the grid plate is connected with a ventilator outside the cooler, and normal temperature air is blown into the grid plate from one side through the ventilator and is discharged from the vent hole on the other side.
3. The vertical cement clinker grate type grain classifying cooler according to claim 1, characterized in that: a plurality of air cannons for sweeping the grid plates are arranged above the two-stage screening grid plates, and the air cannons are over against clinker particles on the upper parts of the grid plates; pressure sensors are arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the two-stage grate plate, and the operation of the air cannon is controlled through feedback signals of the pressure sensors.
4. The vertical cement clinker grate type grain classifying cooler according to claim 1, characterized in that: a rod valve or a gate valve is arranged at the bottom of the fine material area, and a blanking orifice plate is arranged below the rod valve or the gate valve; the blanking hole plate is a metal plate with holes in the thickness direction, and cooled fine materials enter the secondary cooling area through the blanking hole plate.
5. The vertical cement clinker grate type grain classifying cooler according to claim 1, characterized in that: the bottom of the coarse material cooling area is provided with a plurality of pairs of roller crushers, two sides of each pair of roller crushers are respectively provided with a material baffle plate for guiding coarse materials into a roller gap, and the roller crushers can crush clinker with large particle size to the required particle size.
6. The vertical cement clinker grate type grain classifying cooler according to claim 1, characterized in that: the coarse material cooling area also comprises a plurality of layers of cylindrical metal grids horizontally arranged at the upper part of the roller crusher, and each layer of metal grid comprises a plurality of supporting columns which are inserted into the cooler from the outside at equal intervals; the support column is a hollow shell structure with a plurality of air holes on the surface; the inner sides of the supporting columns are communicated with an air blower outside the cooler, and the air blower blows air into the cooler through the air holes.
7. The vertical cement clinker grate type grain classifying cooler according to claim 1, characterized in that: the main body of the isolation cooling wall is made of high-temperature-resistant nickel alloy, and the outside of the wall body is coated with castable.
8. The vertical cement clinker grate type grain classifying cooler according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the coarse material side air inlet and/or the fine material side air inlet obliquely enter the cooling machine at an angle of 40-50 degrees downwards.
9. A method of cooling a shaft cement clinker aggregate air-operated particle classifying cooler according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by comprising the steps of:
s1, enabling the clinker fired from the rotary kiln to fall onto a primary screening grate plate through a kiln door cover, wherein the primary screening grate plate can filter out large clinker and simultaneously buffer the falling of the clinker; the secondary screening grid plate further performs secondary screening on the clinker; meanwhile, the air cannon sweeps the material on the grate plate at variable time to prevent the blockage of the grate gap;
s2, vertically dropping the screened fine materials into the bottom of a fine material cooling area; in the falling process, cooling air continuously cools the fine materials;
s3, enabling clinker exceeding the size of the gap of the grate plate to slide into a coarse material cooling area, stacking coarse materials on one side close to the fine material cooling area in a pile shape to a certain height, and enabling coarse material particles to move downwards to perform countercurrent heat exchange with cooling air;
s4, crushing the cooled coarse particles into smaller particles by a roller crusher, and allowing the smaller particles to enter a secondary cooling area; the fine materials on the other side also fall into a secondary cooling area after being cooled;
s5, cooling the coarse and fine clinker again in a secondary cooling area, controlling the temperature within 100 ℃, and finally discharging the clinker to an external zipper machine through a discharging ash hopper;
s6, the high-temperature hot air after heat exchange in the cooler rises and is divided into two parts through a kiln door cover, wherein one part of the high-temperature hot air enters the rotary kiln as secondary air to be used as combustion-supporting air for fuel combustion in the kiln, and the other part of the high-temperature hot air enters a tertiary air pipe to be sent to the decomposing furnace as combustion-supporting air for fuel combustion in the decomposing furnace.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of cement firing equipment, in particular to a vertical cement clinker grate type particle grading cooler and a cooling method.
Background
The cooler is a cooling device commonly used in a cement burning system; currently, a horizontal cooler is mainly adopted in the industry, but the existing horizontal cooler does not carry out particle thickness separation, and carries out heat exchange between air flow and solid through local countercurrent heat exchange; meanwhile, the horizontal cooler needs a large amount of cooling air, and the power consumption is high; in addition, only the hot air in the first three air chambers returns to the firing system, so that the heat recovery efficiency is low.
On the other hand, the existing vertical cooler finishes heat exchange by the downward movement of the vertical accumulated clinker and the countercurrent movement of the cooling air moving upwards, thereby greatly improving the gas-solid heat exchange efficiency, reducing the air volume for the cooler and reducing the heat consumption and the power consumption; however, the following problems also exist:
1) in order to improve the cement quality, the clinker discharged from the rotary kiln needs to be rapidly cooled; in the upper space of the vertical cooler, the discharged clinker exchanges heat with high-temperature air (above 600 ℃), and the quenching effect of the discharged clinker is difficult to achieve;
2) the resistance of the vertically piled materials is large, and according to experimental data and field tests, the air resistance of about 800Pa is brought to each 100mm of clinker, and if the clinker thickness is more than 1.5m, the air pressure of 12000Pa is required, which does not include the resistance of equipment such as a grate plate, a roller crusher and the like. An excessively high resistance leads to an increase in power consumption, which is not in accordance with the original intention of providing vertical cooling. Therefore, most of the vertical coolers still stay in the theoretical calculation stage, and there are few cases of successful use.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention develops a vertical cement clinker pneumatic particle grading cooler and a cooling method; the specific scheme is as follows: 1. blowing air in sections, and introducing new cooling air to the upper part of the cooler to enhance the quenching effect of the clinker; 2. the clinker particles are separated in a coarse-fine mode, the resistance of the coarse-particle clinker in a stacking state is greatly reduced, the air resistance of the coarse particles is reduced to about 1/3 according to the calculation of an ergun equation, and even if the stacking height of the coarse particles reaches 2m, the resistance of the coarse particles does not exceed 10000 Pa.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a vertical cement clinker grate type particle grading cooler is characterized in that the upper layer of the cooler is a kiln door cover; one side of the kiln door cover is connected with the rotary kiln and the tertiary air pipe; the tertiary air pipe is communicated with the decomposing furnace;
a fine material cooling area is arranged below the kiln door cover and close to one side of the rotary kiln, and the fine material cooling area comprises a fine material side air inlet and a fine material side air outlet which are used for reversely exchanging heat with the blanking; one side far away from the rotary kiln is a coarse material cooling area, and the bottom of the coarse material cooling area comprises a coarse material side air inlet arranged on the side surface of the area; the fine material cooling area and the coarse material cooling area are separated by an isolation cooling wall;
the upper end of the fine material cooling area is obliquely provided with two stages of screening and filtering grid plates for filtering clinker, the two stages of screening and filtering grid plates are arranged right below a kiln discharge point of the rotary kiln, and the lower end parts of the two stages of screening and filtering grid plates are connected with the upper end of the isolation cooling wall; in addition, the two-stage screening and filtering grid plates are arranged in parallel and form an included angle of 40-60 degrees with the horizontal direction; the size of the grid gap of the upper grid plate is larger than that of the grid gap of the lower grid plate;
and a secondary cooling area for cooling all the blanking again is arranged at the lower layer of the cooler, the secondary cooling area comprises a plurality of blanking ash hoppers arranged at the bottom end of the cooler, and the cooled clinker is finally collected into a zipper machine below the cooler by the blanking ash hoppers.
Furthermore, the two-stage sieving and filtering grid plate is made of nickel alloy, and a ceramic patch is arranged on the contact surface of the grid plate and clinker; the interior of the two-stage sieving and filtering grid plate is of a hollow shell structure, and a plurality of vent holes which can enable an external air source to enter the cooler are formed in the positions, right opposite to the grid gaps, of the grid plate; the interior of the grid plate is connected with a ventilator outside the cooler, and normal temperature air is blown into the grid plate from one side through the ventilator and is discharged from the vent hole on the other side.
Furthermore, a plurality of air cannons for sweeping the grid plates are arranged above the two-stage screening grid plates, and the air cannons are over against clinker particles on the upper parts of the grid plates; pressure sensors are arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the two-stage grate plate, and the operation of the air cannon is controlled through feedback signals of the pressure sensors.
Further, a rod valve or a gate valve is arranged at the bottom of the fine material area, a discharging pore plate is arranged below the rod valve or the gate valve, the discharging pore plate is a metal plate with holes in the thickness direction, and the cooled fine materials enter the secondary cooling area through the discharging pore plate.
Furthermore, a plurality of pairs of roller crushers are arranged at the bottom of the coarse material cooling area, a material baffle plate for guiding coarse materials into a roller gap is arranged on each of two sides of each pair of roller crushers, and the roller crushers can crush the clinker with large particle size to the required particle size.
Furthermore, the coarse material cooling area also comprises a plurality of layers of cylindrical metal grids horizontally arranged at the upper part of the roller crusher, and each layer of metal grid comprises a plurality of supporting columns which are inserted into the cooler from the outside at equal intervals; the support column is a hollow shell structure with a plurality of air holes on the surface; the inner sides of the supporting columns are communicated with an air blower outside the cooler, and the air blower blows air into the cooler through the air holes.
Further, the coarse material side air inlet and/or the fine material side air inlet obliquely enter the cooling machine at an angle of 40-50 degrees downwards.
Furthermore, the cooling method of the vertical cement clinker pneumatic particle grading cooler comprises the following steps:
s1, enabling the clinker fired from the rotary kiln to fall onto a primary screening grate plate through a kiln door cover, wherein the primary screening grate plate can filter out large clinker and simultaneously buffer the falling of the clinker; the secondary screening grid plate further performs secondary screening on the clinker; meanwhile, the air cannon sweeps the material on the grate plate at variable time to prevent the blockage of the grate gap;
s2, vertically dropping the screened fine materials into the bottom of a fine material cooling area; in the falling process, cooling air continuously cools the fine materials;
s3, enabling clinker exceeding the size of the gap of the grate plate to slide into a coarse material cooling area, stacking coarse materials on one side close to the fine material cooling area in a pile shape to a certain height, and enabling coarse material particles to move downwards to perform countercurrent heat exchange with cooling air;
s4, crushing the cooled coarse particles into smaller particles by a roller crusher, and allowing the smaller particles to enter a secondary cooling area; the fine materials on the other side also fall into a secondary cooling area after being cooled;
s5, cooling the coarse and fine clinker again in a secondary cooling area, controlling the temperature within 100 ℃, and finally discharging the clinker to an external zipper machine through a discharging ash hopper;
s6, the high-temperature hot air after heat exchange in the cooler rises and is divided into two parts through a kiln door cover, wherein one part of the high-temperature hot air enters the rotary kiln as secondary air to be used as combustion-supporting air for fuel combustion in the kiln, and the other part of the high-temperature hot air enters a tertiary air pipe to be sent to the decomposing furnace as combustion-supporting air for fuel combustion in the decomposing furnace.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
the particle size distribution range of the existing cement fired clinker is 0.1-500 mm, wherein the proportion of particles with the particle size of more than 10mm is 60-80%, and the clinker with larger particle size is more difficult to cool. The invention provides a method for filtering clinker discharged from a kiln step by using a screening grate plate, thereby realizing the particle size classification of the clinker and then respectively cooling, not only achieving good heat exchange effect, but also reducing the material layer resistance of the clinker, greatly reducing the air quantity for a cooler, simultaneously ensuring the temperature of the clinker discharged from the cooler to be within 100 ℃, and reducing the power consumption of sintering; meanwhile, low air volume means that the air temperature is increased after cooling, the heat recovery efficiency is improved, and the heat consumption of the system can be reduced or converted into the waste heat power generation amount.
The vertical cooler also controls the clinker temperature of the final cooling machine within 100 ℃ through the two cooling processes of the clinker from top to bottom, and the cooling effect is good;
the air cannons can be matched with the pressure sensors on the upper side and the lower side of the two-stage grate plate, the distribution condition of materials on the grate plate can be judged by monitoring the pressure difference between the upper side and the lower side of the grate plate, once the grate gap is blocked by the materials, the air cannons can be used for blowing the upper part of the grate plate, or the ventilation of the grate plate is increased, and clinker particles at the grate gap are directly blown.
The high-temperature hot air after heat exchange in the cooler rises and is divided into two parts through the kiln door cover, wherein one part of the high-temperature hot air enters the rotary kiln as secondary air to be used as combustion-supporting air for fuel combustion in the kiln, and the other part of the high-temperature hot air enters the tertiary air pipe as tertiary air to be sent to the decomposing furnace as combustion-supporting air for fuel combustion in the decomposing furnace, so that the heat recovery efficiency is high.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a front view of a chiller in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of the cooling machine in the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional view of a chiller in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the state of use of the cooling machine in the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a three-dimensional view of a primary screening grate plate in the preferred embodiment of the invention.
Wherein: 1. a rotary kiln; 2. a tertiary air pipe; 3. a kiln door cover; 4. a fines cooling zone; 41. a first-stage screening grate plate; 42. a secondary screening grid plate; 43. performing grate joint; 44. a fine material side air inlet; 45. a vent hole; 46. a fine material side air outlet; 47. an air cannon; 48. a fine bar valve; 49. blanking hole plates; 5. a coarse material cooling area; 51. a coarse material side air inlet; 52. a striker plate; 53. a roll crusher; 54. a metal grid; 6. an isolation cooling wall; 7. a discharging ash bucket; 71. a lower layer cooling air inlet; 72. and a lower layer cooling air outlet.
Detailed Description
In order to further understand the contents, features and effects of the present invention, the following embodiments are illustrated and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in figures 1 to 5, the invention discloses a vertical cement clinker grate type particle grading cooler, the upper layer of the cooler is a kiln door cover 3; one side of the kiln door cover 3 is connected with the rotary kiln 1 and the
a fine
The fine
the upper end of the fine
a secondary screening grate plate 42 is arranged in parallel at a position 400-800 mm below the primary
Preferably, the two-stage screening and filtering grid plate adopts an internal hollow shell structure; a plurality of
Furthermore, the
The fine material
The particle size distribution of the cement sintered clinker is in the range of 0.1-500 mm, wherein the proportion of particles with particle sizes of more than 10mm is in the range of 60-80%, and the clinker with larger particle sizes is more difficult to cool. Preferably, the grate gaps of the primary screening and
in order to prevent materials from being accumulated above the grid plate, a plurality of air cannons 47 are arranged above the two-stage screening grid plate in a close distance, and the air cannons are over against clinker particles on the upper part of the screening grid plate; pressure sensors are arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the two-stage grate plate, and the operation of the air cannon is controlled through feedback signals of the pressure sensors. Once the
The bottom of the fine
Coarse materials with the particle size of more than 10mm in the clinker discharged from the kiln are sieved by a two-stage sieving and filtering grid plate, and then slide into a coarse material cooling area 5 along the direction of the grid plate, the coarse particle clinker has larger particle size, large porosity in a stacking state and smaller air resistance, and is more difficult to cool than fine particle clinker, the stacking height of the materials on the coarse material side is about 2-2.5 m, and the retention time is about 30 min.
The bottom of the coarse material cooling area 5 also comprises a coarse material
The
The stacking height of the large-particle clinker material layer in the coarse material cooling area 5 is about 2-2.5 m, the weight is about 180 tons, the retention time is about 30min, and the large-particle clinker material layer and the cooling air moving upwards perform countercurrent heat exchange. In order to reduce the bearing load of the
And a secondary cooling area for cooling all the blanking again is arranged at the lower layer of the cooling machine, the secondary cooling area comprises a blanking ash hopper 7 arranged at the bottom end of the cooling machine, and the cooled clinker is finally collected into a zipper machine below the cooling machine by the blanking ash hopper 7. Preferably, 4 inverted cone-shaped ash hoppers 7 which are uniformly arranged are arranged at the bottom of the cooling machine;
the 4 blanking ash hoppers 7 are provided with lower-layer cooling air inlets 71, so that the discharging temperature is kept below 100 ℃; and a lower-layer
Preferably, 4 blanking ash buckets 7 share one air cooler, and the cooling air volume of the air cooler to the whole blanking ash bucket 7 can reach 0.4-0.5Nm 3/kgcl.
The invention also discloses a cooling method of the vertical cement clinker grate type particle grading cooler, which comprises the following steps:
s1, enabling the clinker fired from the rotary kiln to fall above the primary screening and
s2, vertically dropping the screened fine materials into the bottom of the fine
s3, sliding the clinker exceeding the size of the gap of the grate plate into the coarse material cooling area 5, and piling the coarse material on one side close to the fine
s4, crushing the cooled coarse particles into smaller particles by the
s5, cooling the coarse and fine clinker again in a secondary cooling area, controlling the temperature within 100 ℃, and finally discharging the clinker to an external zipper machine through a discharging ash hopper 7;
s6, the high-temperature hot air after heat exchange in the cooler rises and is divided into two parts through a kiln door cover, wherein one part of the high-temperature hot air enters the rotary kiln as secondary air to be used as combustion-supporting air for fuel combustion in the kiln, and the other part of the high-temperature hot air enters a tertiary air pipe to be sent to the decomposing furnace as combustion-supporting air for fuel combustion in the decomposing furnace.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but the description is only for the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
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