阅读说明：本技术 一种柴油抗磨剂的制备方法 (Preparation method of diesel antiwear agent ) 是由 张超 梁万根 崔振杰 崔卫华 马雪菲 杨聪 宋吻吻 于 2019-10-31 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于油品添加剂领域,具体涉及一种柴油抗磨剂的制备方法,方法如下：将脂肪酸与醇类化合物混合放置在四口烧瓶中,缓慢通入氮气,将四口烧瓶放置在油浴锅内缓慢升温,反应,冷却至室温,沉降,获得的产物即为柴油抗磨剂；在制备过程中无需添加催化剂既可以获得环保的抗磨剂,制备过程简单且易操作,成本低。(The invention belongs to the field of oil additives, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a diesel antiwear agent, which comprises the following steps: mixing fatty acid and alcohol compounds, placing the mixture in a four-neck flask, slowly introducing nitrogen, placing the four-neck flask in an oil bath pan, slowly heating, reacting, cooling to room temperature, and settling to obtain a product, namely the diesel antiwear agent; the environment-friendly antiwear agent can be obtained without adding a catalyst in the preparation process, and the preparation process is simple, easy to operate and low in cost.)

1. A preparation method of a diesel antiwear agent is characterized by mixing fatty acid and an alcohol compound, placing the mixture in a four-neck flask, slowly introducing nitrogen, placing the four-neck flask in an oil bath pan, slowly heating, reacting, cooling to room temperature, and settling to obtain a product, namely the diesel antiwear agent.

2. The preparation method of the diesel antiwear agent according to claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of the fatty acid to the alcohol compound is 1-3: 1-2.

3. The preparation method of the diesel antiwear agent according to claim 1, wherein the fatty acid is stearic acid, oleic acid or linolenic acid.

4. The method for preparing the diesel antiwear agent according to claim 3, wherein the fatty acid is oleic acid.

5. The preparation method of the diesel antiwear agent according to claim 1, wherein the reaction pressure in the four-neck flask is not more than 0.05 Mpa.

6. The preparation method of the diesel antiwear agent according to claim 1, wherein the reaction temperature in the four-neck flask is 80-180 ℃.

7. The preparation method of the diesel antiwear agent according to claim 1, wherein the reaction time is 4-6 h.

8. The preparation method of the diesel antiwear agent according to claim 1, wherein the alcohol compound is propylene glycol or glycerol or a mixture thereof.

9. The preparation method of the diesel antiwear agent according to claim 8, wherein the alcohol compound is glycerol.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of oil additives, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a diesel antiwear agent.

Background

At present, with the development of science and technology, the application of diesel vehicles is continuously increased, and therefore, the demand of diesel as an energy source is also continuously increased. At present, the problem of environmental pollution is increasingly serious, harmful substances such as S and the like are removed in the processing process of diesel oil, and the lubricating property of the diesel oil is greatly reduced due to the natural polar substances of the removed diesel oil. The poor lubricity of diesel oil easily causes the severe abrasion of precision parts of an engine, and large economic loss is easily caused. Adding lubricants to diesel is therefore the most effective way to solve the problem at present.

In the esterification reaction of fatty acid and alcohol, acid substances such as sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, hypophosphorous acid, boric acid and the like or alkaline substances such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide and the like are added as catalysts, and residual catalysts in the industrial production process are easy to react with other additives of diesel oil to cause flocculation and sedimentation, destroy the effective dispersion of the additives, reduce the effect of the additives, and cause floccule or even phase separation of the diesel oil. The presence of inorganic ions also tends to produce carbon deposits and precipitates, which may result in an increase in total insolubles, ash, 10% residue carbon of additivated diesel. S brought in by the catalyst and N introduced by fatty acid amine/amide cause the increase of SOx and NOx emission. Meanwhile, the added acidic catalyst or basic catalyst increases the cost of the antiwear agent and the like.

Therefore, the development of an antiwear agent which is low in cost and environmentally friendly is urgently needed.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a preparation method of a diesel antiwear agent, which can obtain an environment-friendly antiwear agent without adding a catalyst in the preparation process, and has the advantages of simple preparation process, easy operation and low cost. According to the technical scheme, the catalyst is not used, so that the cost of the antiwear agent is reduced, the problem of corrosion of an acid catalyst to equipment is solved, and the method is simple and easy to operate.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a preparation method of a diesel antiwear agent comprises the steps of mixing fatty acid and an alcohol compound, placing the mixture in a four-neck flask, slowly introducing nitrogen, placing the four-neck flask in an oil bath pan, slowly heating, reacting, cooling to room temperature, and settling to obtain a product, namely the diesel antiwear agent.

Preferably, the molar ratio of fatty acid to alcohol compound is 1-3: 1-2.

Preferably, the fatty acid is one of stearic acid, oleic acid and linolenic acid; further preferred is oleic acid.

Preferably, the reaction pressure in the four-neck flask is less than or equal to 0.05 MPa.

Preferably, the reaction temperature in the four-neck flask is 80-180 ℃.

Preferably, the reaction time is 4-6 h.

Preferably, the alcohol compound is one or a mixture of propylene glycol and glycerol, and further preferably glycerol.

Preferably, the fatty acid is oleic acid, and when the alcohol compound is glycerol, the ratio of oleic acid: the molar ratio of glycerol to glycerol is 2:1-3:1, the temperature is controlled at 140-160 ℃, the generated oleic acid glyceride is double-hanging oleic acid glyceride, and the chemical reaction is as follows:

when the fatty acid is oleic acid and the alcohol compound is glycerol, the ratio of oleic acid: the molar ratio of glycerol is 1:1-2:1, the temperature is 100-10 ℃, the experimentally synthesized glycerol oleate is a mono-pendant glycerol oleate, and the chemical reaction is as follows:

the reaction process can realize different results of single hanging and double hanging by controlling the temperature, and the formation of ester is controlled under different temperature conditions, so that the performance of the antiwear agent is controlled. The reaction product oleic acid is low in price and does not contain sulfur element, so that the method can be applied to the additive of low-sulfur diesel oil. In the production process of the antiwear agent, the antiwear agents with different molecular weights can be produced by controlling the addition amount of raw materials and the experiment temperature. Structurally, it is seen that the mono-pendant glyceryl oleate has 2 hydrophilic hydroxyl groups and 1 lipophilic long chain alkyl group, the di-pendant glyceryl oleate has 2 lipophilic long chain alkyl groups and 1 hydrophilic hydroxyl group, and the di-pendant glyceryl oleate is more lipophilic than the mono-pendant glyceryl oleate. Compared with the single-hanging glyceryl oleate, the double-hanging glyceryl oleate has smaller wear-resistant diameter and better lubricating property.

The invention provides a preparation method of a diesel antiwear agent, which can obtain an environment-friendly antiwear agent without adding a catalyst in the preparation process, and has the advantages of simple preparation process, easy operation and low cost.

The process of the invention has the advantages that:

(1) in the reaction process, different reaction conditions (molar ratio and temperature) can produce the glyceryl oleate with different molecular weights;

(2) the oleic acid glyceride in the reaction process is free of any catalyst, environment-friendly and cost-saving.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.