阅读说明：本技术 一种大豆膳食纤维粉制备的金针菇复合培养基及其应用 (Needle mushroom composite culture medium prepared from soybean dietary fiber powder and application thereof ) 是由 冯占 余养朝 李贺文 邱亚 葛宁奎 于 2019-09-16 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种大豆膳食纤维粉制备的金针菇复合培养基及其应用,涉及食用菌工厂化栽培技术领域,该大豆膳食纤维粉制备的金针菇复合培养基及其应用,培养基质中包括如下质量份数的组分：大豆膳食纤维粉1～10份,玉米芯30～50份,米糠30～40份,麸皮10～20份,甜菜渣2-8份,啤酒糟3～10份,大豆皮3～10份,贝壳粉1～5份,轻质碳酸钙1～5份。本发明通过提供大豆膳食纤维粉代替原有原料中的木屑、棉籽壳和部分米糠、麸皮以及玉米芯,解决了为配制符合食品安全需求的低成本培养基,同时提高自身的产品质量、提高生产效率和降低生产成本,需要提供更加优良培养料的问题。(The invention discloses a needle mushroom composite culture medium prepared from soybean dietary fiber powder and an application thereof, and relates to the technical field of edible mushroom industrial cultivation, wherein the needle mushroom composite culture medium prepared from the soybean dietary fiber powder comprises the following components in parts by mass: 1-10 parts of soybean dietary fiber powder, 30-50 parts of corncobs, 30-40 parts of rice bran, 10-20 parts of bran, 2-8 parts of beet pulp, 3-10 parts of brewer's grains, 3-10 parts of soybean hulls, 1-5 parts of shell powder and 1-5 parts of light calcium carbonate. The invention solves the problem that a better culture material is needed to be provided for preparing a low-cost culture medium which meets the food safety requirement, and simultaneously improves the product quality, improves the production efficiency and reduces the production cost.)

1. A needle mushroom composite culture medium prepared from soybean dietary fiber powder is characterized in that: the culture medium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-10 parts of soybean dietary fiber powder, 30-50 parts of corncobs, 30-40 parts of rice bran, 10-20 parts of bran, 2-8 parts of beet pulp, 3-10 parts of brewer's grains, 3-10 parts of soybean hulls, 1-5 parts of shell powder and 1-5 parts of light calcium carbonate;

the application of the needle mushroom composite culture medium prepared from the soybean dietary fiber powder is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

s1, bottling: filling the soybean dietary fiber powder composite culture medium into a polypropylene plastic cultivation bottle, sterilizing by high-pressure steam, and cooling to room temperature for later use;

s2, inoculation: inoculating the liquid strain into a culture bottle, and culturing in a culture room at 13-15 ℃ and 60-90% of air humidity for 20-23 days;

s3, mycelium stimulation treatment: after the hyphae cultured in the step S2 overgrow the cultivation bottle, performing mycelium stimulation treatment, removing old hyphae on the material surface, forming mechanical stimulation, then moving the cultivation bottle to a growing room for bud promotion, and after 4-6 days, covering mushroom buds on the material surface;

s4, performing light suppression and wind suppression: after the bud forcing in the step S3 is finished, performing light inhibition and wind inhibition on mushroom buds, controlling the concentration of carbon dioxide at 3000-20000 ppm, cooling to 4-5 ℃ in a gradient manner, and growing the mushroom buds into mushroom buds;

s5, when mushroom buds grow out of the bottle mouth in the step S4, the concentration of carbon dioxide is increased to be more than 10000ppm, the elongation of the stipe of the needle mushroom is promoted, the growth of the stipe is induced by red light, and the fact that the stipe grows straightly and tidily is guaranteed by phototropism;

s6, harvesting: when the needle mushrooms grow to 15-16 cm, the needle mushrooms reach the harvesting height, and harvesting is carried out.

2. The needle mushroom composite culture medium prepared from the soybean dietary fiber powder and the application thereof according to claim 1, wherein the culture medium comprises: the water content of the culture medium is 67-69%, the pH value is 6.2-6.8, and the water content of the dietary fiber powder prepared by further processing and drying the residual peels, residues and the like in the soybean processing process is lower than 15%.

3. The needle mushroom composite culture medium prepared from the soybean dietary fiber powder and the application thereof according to claim 1, wherein the culture medium comprises: in step S2, the liquid seed culture is inoculated in an amount of 30-35 mL per cultivation bottle.

4. The needle mushroom composite culture medium prepared from the soybean dietary fiber powder and the application thereof according to claim 1, wherein the culture medium comprises: in step S3, air conditioning equipment and additional equipment are provided, and the exhaust holes are provided at equal intervals at the corner of the bud forcing chamber to ensure bud forcing conditions: room temperature 15-16 deg.c, air humidity 85-95%, carbon dioxide concentration 3000-4000 ppm and dark condition.

5. The needle mushroom composite culture medium prepared from the soybean dietary fiber powder and the application thereof according to claim 1, wherein the culture medium comprises: in step S4, the gradient cooling is performed at a cooling rate of 2-4 ℃ per day.

6. The needle mushroom composite culture medium prepared from the soybean dietary fiber powder and the application thereof according to claim 1, wherein the culture medium comprises: in step S4, the light intensity of the light suppression is 100lx, the blowing rate of the wind suppression is 1-3 m/S, and the wind volume is 150m³/h。

7. The needle mushroom composite culture medium prepared from the soybean dietary fiber powder and the application thereof according to claim 1, wherein the culture medium comprises: after the material surface can be covered with mushroom buds for 4-6 days, the time for the mushroom buds to grow to the cultivation bottle mouth is 10-12 days, the time for wrapping mushroom slices on the bottle mouth is 16-17 days, the elongation of the stipe is promoted, and the harvesting time is 26-28 days.

8. The needle mushroom composite culture medium prepared from the soybean dietary fiber powder and the application thereof according to claim 1, wherein the culture medium comprises: in step S6, the electric fan is turned on 2-3 days before harvesting, so that the moisture is evaporated, the relative humidity of the cultivation room is kept at 70-80%, the product quality is improved, and the shelf life is prolonged.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of industrial cultivation of edible fungi, in particular to a needle mushroom composite culture medium prepared from soybean dietary fiber powder and application thereof.

Background

The soybean dietary fiber powder is prepared by further processing and drying the residual skin, residue and the like in the soybean processing process. Is a natural food-grade raw material. The soybean dietary fiber is a general term for macromolecular saccharides in soybeans which cannot be digested by human digestive enzymes. Mainly comprises cellulose, pectin, xylan, mannose and the like, and the dietary fiber can safely regulate the blood sugar level of a human body, prevent constipation and increase satiety although the dietary fiber cannot provide any nutrient component for the human body. Meanwhile, the health-care food has the physiological functions of preventing obesity, promoting the proliferation of bifidobacteria and aerobic bacteria, enhancing the function of macrophages and improving the disease resistance, so that the dietary fiber is recognized as the seventh nutrient in the medical and nutritional fields. In addition, the soybean dietary fiber has the characteristics of rich nutrition, unique flavor, safety and convenience in eating, good water absorption performance and the like, and is outstanding in the dietary fiber.

The flammulina velutipes is the edible fungus variety with the highest industrial degree, can be used for hot pot due to high nutritional value, is easy and convenient to eat, is eaten by people, and has strong competition in industrial cultivation due to early start, advanced technology and mature management. The golden mushroom has good nutritional conditions in the industrial cultivation process, which has great influence on the yield and quality of the golden mushroom, in recent years, the price of raw materials such as rice bran, wheat bran, corncobs and the like serving as main raw materials for edible mushroom cultivation is rising, the sawdust needs to be accumulated in water for a long time before being used and needs to be accumulated and fermented old sawdust, a large amount of fields are occupied for a long time, the sprayed water easily causes environmental problems, and cottonseed hulls widely used in the edible mushroom cultivation have the risk of enriching pesticides and heavy metals. Under the background, the primary task to be solved by the industrial production of edible fungi is to seek for a low-cost culture medium which can replace raw materials and meet the food safety requirement, and simultaneously improve the product quality, the production efficiency and the production cost.

Because the needle mushrooms are moisture-loving mushrooms, and are the same as other mushrooms, all physiological activities including nutrition absorption and transportation, mycelium proliferation, fruiting body generation and growth can be carried out under certain moisture conditions, the growth of the needle mushrooms can be influenced by over-low or over-high moisture content of culture materials, and the edible fungus composite culture medium prepared from the soybean dietary fiber powder is provided in order to provide the culture materials which are comprehensive in nutritional ingredients, safe, pollution-free, low in cost and sufficient in moisture.

Disclosure of Invention

Technical problem to be solved

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a needle mushroom composite culture medium prepared from soybean dietary fiber powder and an application thereof, and solves the problem that a better culture material is needed to be provided for preparing a low-cost culture medium meeting the food safety requirement, and simultaneously improving the product quality, the production efficiency and the production cost.

(II) technical scheme

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a needle mushroom composite culture medium prepared from soybean dietary fiber powder and an application thereof are disclosed, wherein the culture medium comprises the following components in parts by mass: 1-10 parts of soybean dietary fiber powder, 30-50 parts of corncobs, 30-40 parts of rice bran, 10-20 parts of bran, 2-8 parts of beet pulp, 3-10 parts of brewer's grains, 3-10 parts of soybean hulls, 1-5 parts of shell powder and 1-5 parts of light calcium carbonate.

An application of a needle mushroom composite culture medium prepared from soybean dietary fiber powder comprises the following steps:

s1, bottling: filling the soybean dietary fiber powder composite culture medium into a polypropylene plastic cultivation bottle, sterilizing by high-pressure steam, and cooling to room temperature for later use.

S2, inoculation: inoculating the liquid strain into a culture bottle, and culturing in a culture room at 13-15 ℃ and 60-90% of air humidity for 20-23 days.

S3, mycelium stimulation treatment: and (5) after the hyphae cultured in the step (S2) overgrow the cultivation bottle, performing mycelium stimulation treatment, removing old hyphae on the material surface, forming mechanical stimulation, moving the cultivation bottle to a growing room for bud promotion, and after 4-6 days, covering mushroom buds on the material surface.

S4, performing light suppression and wind suppression: and (5) after the bud forcing is finished in the step S3, performing light inhibition and wind inhibition on the mushroom buds, controlling the concentration of carbon dioxide at 3000-20000 ppm, cooling to 4-5 ℃ in a gradient manner, and growing the mushroom buds into mushroom buds.

And S5, when mushroom buds grow out of the bottle mouth of 1-2 cm in the step S4, increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide to be more than 10000ppm, and promoting the elongation of the stipe of the needle mushroom, wherein the growth of the stipe is induced by red light, and the stipe is ensured to grow straightly and tidily by phototropism.

S6, harvesting: when the needle mushrooms grow to 15-16 cm, the needle mushrooms reach the harvesting height, and harvesting is carried out.

Preferably, the water content of the culture medium is 67-69%, the pH value is 6.2-6.8, and the water content of the dietary fiber powder prepared by further processing, treating and drying the residual peels, residues and the like in the soybean processing process is lower than 15%.

Preferably, in step S2, the liquid seed culture is inoculated in an amount of 30-35 mL per cultivation bottle.

Preferably, in step S3, air conditioning equipment and additional equipment are provided, and the exhaust holes are provided at equal intervals at the corner of the bud forcing chamber to ensure bud forcing conditions: room temperature 15-16 deg.c, air humidity 85-95%, carbon dioxide concentration 3000-4000 ppm and dark condition.

Preferably, in step S4, the gradient cooling is performed at a cooling rate of 2 to 4 ℃ per day.

Preferably, in step S4, the light intensity of the light suppression is 100lx, the blowing rate of the wind suppression is 1-3 m/S, and the wind volume is 150m³/h。

Preferably, after the material surface can be covered with mushroom buds for 4-6 days, the time for the mushroom buds to grow to the cultivation bottle mouth is 10-12 days, the time for covering mushroom slices on the bottle mouth is 16-17 days, the elongation of stipe is promoted, and the harvesting time is 26-28 days.

Preferably, in step S6, the electric fan is turned on 2-3 days before harvesting to evaporate water, so that the relative humidity of the cultivation room is kept at 70% -80%, the product quality is improved, and the shelf life is prolonged.

(III) advantageous effects

The invention provides a needle mushroom composite culture medium prepared from soybean dietary fiber powder and application thereof, and the needle mushroom composite culture medium has the following beneficial effects:

(1) the soybean dietary fiber powder replaces sawdust, cottonseed hulls, partial rice bran, bran and corncobs in the original raw materials, has the advantages of cost saving, eating safety, good water absorption effect and high nutritional value, a carbon source required by needle mushrooms in the cultivation process is mainly provided by saccharides, the soybean dietary fiber rich in abundant nutritive polysaccharide is desorbed and absorbed by needle mushroom hyphae, on one hand, the nutrition balance of the needle mushrooms can be improved, the robustness of the needle mushrooms is improved, the disease resistance of the needle mushrooms is improved, on the other hand, the polysaccharide is rich in the soybean dietary fiber powder, the polysaccharide is decomposed and absorbed, the needle mushrooms can be accumulated rapidly, the nutritional value and the taste of the needle mushrooms are improved, the soybean dietary fiber powder has good water absorption, the soybean dietary fiber powder is applied to the needle mushroom cultivation, the defects that the culture medium is unstable in structure and poor water retention property in the conventional needle mushroom cultivation can be overcome, the culture medium aims to overcome the defects of single nutrient component, single quality and taste, food safety risk and the like, and solves the problem that a more excellent culture medium is required to be provided for preparing a low-cost culture medium meeting the food safety requirement, and simultaneously improving the product quality, the production efficiency and the production cost.

(2) The soybean dietary fiber powder is prepared by further processing, treating and drying residual skins, residues and the like in the soybean processing process, has wide sources, is a pure natural organic matter medium, can effectively improve the utilization rate of resources, promotes agricultural sustainable development, has great significance for promoting ecological virtuous circle, does not have the risk of heavy metal and pesticide residue when being used, does not need to add chemical preparations or disinfection products in the process of preparing a culture medium, ensures the requirement of food safety, does not use wood chips in the original raw materials, reduces forest felling, avoids waste water generated by water spraying of the wood chips, and meets the requirement of environmental protection.

(3) The soybean dietary fiber powder has particularly good water absorption, the water absorption is up to 1282% through detection, a large amount of water required by the edible fungi in the growth process can be provided, the high yield of the edible fungi is ensured, the mushroom body water of the needle mushrooms mainly comes from the culture medium, if the water content of the culture medium is too much, the water accumulation at the lower part of a culture bottle is caused, the hypha of the needle mushrooms is suffocated, and the yield is influenced.

(4) The soybean dietary fiber powder is rich and various in nutritional ingredients, contains nearly 13% of crude protein and 13% of crude fiber, contains polysaccharides including cellulose, pectin, xylan, mannose and the like, is rich in crude protein, can be used as a raw material of a needle mushroom culture medium, can effectively improve the balance of nutrition required by needle mushrooms, and can effectively improve the quality of the needle mushrooms such as taste and the like.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The invention provides a technical scheme that: a needle mushroom composite culture medium prepared from soybean dietary fiber powder and an application thereof comprise a culture medium which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-10 parts of soybean dietary fiber powder, 30-50 parts of corncobs, 30-40 parts of rice bran, 10-20 parts of bran, 2-8 parts of beet pulp, 3-10 parts of brewer's grains, 3-10 parts of soybean hulls, 1-5 parts of shell powder and 1-5 parts of light calcium carbonate, weighing the raw materials according to a proportion, sequentially putting the raw materials into a stirrer, firstly, dry-stirring for 15-20 minutes, then adding water, stirring until all the raw materials in a culture medium are uniformly mixed, fully absorbing water, and timely bottling the uniformly-stirred culture medium to avoid acidification.

An application of a needle mushroom composite culture medium prepared from soybean dietary fiber powder comprises the following steps:

s1, bottling: filling the prepared composite culture medium into polypropylene plastic cultivation bottles by using a full-automatic bottle filling machine, drilling 5 holes in the middle and around the material surface to the bottoms of the cultivation bottles by using an automatic punching machine after filling, wherein the surface of the culture base material is required to be flat, after filling and punching are finished, using an automatic capping machine as a matched bottle cap on the cultivation bottle cap, placing the cultivation basket with the cultivation bottles on a transfer car, pushing the transfer car into a high-pressure steam sterilizer for sterilization, maintaining the temperature at 121 ℃ for 80min, after high-pressure steam sterilization, placing the cultivation bottles into a cooling chamber for forced cooling, and cooling to room temperature for later use.

S2, inoculation: the method comprises the steps of inoculating liquid strains into a culture bottle by using a full-automatic inoculation machine under a laminar flow hood, inoculating the liquid strains into the culture bottle, then culturing in a culture room, controlling the culture temperature to be 13-15 ℃, controlling the air humidity to be 60% -90%, keeping out of the sun, circulating air well, culturing for 20-23 days, controlling the material temperature to be 17-20 ℃ by using an automatic control system in the culture room, and simultaneously ensuring the environmental cleanliness through efficient air filtration.

S3, mycelium stimulation treatment: and (4) after the hyphae cultured in the step (S2) overgrows the culture bottles, performing mycelium stimulation treatment, transferring the culture bottles overgrown with the hyphae into a mycelium stimulation workshop, performing mycelium stimulation treatment by using an automatic mycelium stimulation machine, removing old hyphae on the material surface, forming mechanical stimulation, spraying 10-15 mL of water on the material surface after mycelium stimulation is finished, keeping the material surface wet, transferring the culture bottles to a growing room for bud promotion, and distributing mushroom buds on the material surface after 4-6 days.

S4, performing light suppression and wind suppression: and (5) after the bud forcing is finished in the step S3, performing light inhibition and wind inhibition on the mushroom buds, controlling the concentration of carbon dioxide to be 3000-20000 ppm, performing gradient cooling to 4-5 ℃, growing the mushroom buds into mushroom buds, performing light inhibition and wind inhibition on the mushroom buds, and controlling the concentration of carbon dioxide to be 5000-8000 ppm to enable the mushroom buds to grow neatly and uniformly.

S5, when mushroom buds grow out of the bottle mouth in the step S4, 1-2 cm, plastic-coated mushroom pieces are coated around the bottle mouth, the concentration of carbon dioxide is increased to be more than 10000ppm, the elongation of needle mushroom stipes is promoted, the growth of the stipes is induced by red light, and the fact that the stipes grow straightly and tidily is guaranteed by phototropism.

S6, harvesting: when the needle mushrooms grow to 15-16 cm, the needle mushrooms reach the harvesting height, and harvesting is carried out.