阅读说明：本技术 一种空间光学遥感器次镜在轨调整方法和一种空间光学遥感器 (On-orbit adjustment method for secondary mirror of space optical remote sensor and space optical remote sensor ) 是由 郭疆 李宪斌 薛栋林 邵明东 李元鹏 于 2019-10-17 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种空间光学遥感器次镜在轨调整方法,包括以下步骤：待空间光学遥感器发射至轨道后,检测空间光学遥感器的成像结果；分析成像结果,得出空间光学遥感器的波像差；判断空间光学遥感器的波像差是否满足需求；若否,在将空间光学遥感器的波像差进行光学解算后,根据光学解算的结果进行次镜的位置和姿态的在轨调整,直至空间光学遥感器的波像差满足需求；若是,则次镜的位置和姿态调整结束。上述空间光学遥感器次镜在轨调整方法,分析空间光学遥感器的成像结果后,进行次镜的位置和姿态的在轨调整,可以有效补偿光学系统中各光学元件的位姿误差,可以有效改善大口径长焦距离轴三反光学系统的在轨成像性能。此外,还提供一种空间光学遥感器。(An on-orbit adjustment method for a secondary mirror of a space optical remote sensor comprises the following steps: detecting an imaging result of the space optical remote sensor after the space optical remote sensor transmits to the track; analyzing the imaging result to obtain the wave aberration of the space optical remote sensor; judging whether the wave aberration of the space optical remote sensor meets the requirement or not; if not, after the wave aberration of the space optical remote sensor is subjected to optical calculation, the position and the posture of the secondary mirror are adjusted on track according to the result of the optical calculation until the wave aberration of the space optical remote sensor meets the requirement; and if so, finishing the position and posture adjustment of the secondary mirror. According to the in-orbit adjustment method for the secondary mirror of the space optical remote sensor, after the imaging result of the space optical remote sensor is analyzed, the position and the posture of the secondary mirror are adjusted in an in-orbit mode, the pose error of each optical element in an optical system can be effectively compensated, and the in-orbit imaging performance of the large-caliber long-focus off-axis three-mirror optical system can be effectively improved. In addition, a space optical remote sensor is also provided.)

1. An on-orbit adjustment method for a secondary mirror of a space optical remote sensor is characterized by comprising the following steps:

detecting an imaging result of the space optical remote sensor after the space optical remote sensor transmits to a track;

analyzing the imaging result to obtain the wave aberration of the space optical remote sensor;

judging whether the wave aberration of the space optical remote sensor meets the requirement or not;

if not, after the wave aberration of the space optical remote sensor is subjected to optical calculation, the position and the posture of the secondary mirror are adjusted on track according to the result of the optical calculation until the wave aberration of the space optical remote sensor meets the requirement;

and if so, finishing the position and posture adjustment of the secondary mirror.

2. The on-orbit adjustment method for a secondary mirror of a space optical remote sensor according to claim 1, wherein in the operation of the on-orbit adjustment of the position and attitude of the secondary mirror, an adjustment accuracy is determined in accordance with an allowance of the position and attitude of the secondary mirror of the space optical remote sensor.

3. The on-orbit adjustment method for the secondary mirror of the space optical remote sensor according to claim 2, wherein in the operation of the on-orbit adjustment of the position and posture of the secondary mirror, the accuracy of the rectilinear motion of the secondary mirror in the X direction is 0.003mm or less; the linear motion precision of the secondary mirror along the Y direction is less than or equal to 0.003 mm; the precision of the linear motion of the secondary mirror along the Z direction is less than or equal to 0.01 mm.

4. The in-orbit adjustment method for the secondary mirror of the space optical remote sensor according to claim 2, wherein in the in-orbit adjustment operation of the position and posture of the secondary mirror, the precision of the rotation angle of the secondary mirror around the X direction is 1 "or less; the precision of the rotation angle of the secondary mirror around the Y direction is less than or equal to 1'; and the precision of the rotation angle of the secondary mirror around the Z direction is less than or equal to 1.5'.

5. The on-orbit adjustment method for the secondary mirror of the space optical remote sensor according to claim 1, wherein in the operation of the on-orbit adjustment of the position and attitude of the secondary mirror, the adjustment range of the secondary mirror is determined according to an adjustment amount required for the pose error compensation of the secondary mirror for the primary mirror and the tertiary mirror.

6. The on-orbit adjustment method for the secondary mirror of the space optical remote sensor according to claim 5, wherein the translational movement strokes of the secondary mirror in the X direction, the Y direction and the Z direction are determined according to the adjustment amount required for the secondary mirror to compensate the pose errors of the primary mirror and the tertiary mirror.

7. The on-orbit adjustment method for the secondary mirror of the space optical remote sensor according to claim 5, wherein the angular movement strokes of the secondary mirror around the X direction, the Y direction and the Z direction are required to meet the requirements of the secondary mirror for angular error compensation of the primary mirror and the tertiary mirror.

8. The on-orbit adjustment method for a secondary mirror of a space optical remote sensor according to claim 1, wherein in the operation of the on-orbit adjustment of the position and attitude of the secondary mirror, the secondary mirror is subjected to six-degree-of-freedom motion adjustment of translational motion in X, Y and Z directions and angular motion around the X, Y and Z directions.

9. A space optical remote sensor is characterized by comprising a primary mirror, a secondary mirror and a tertiary mirror;

the main mirror and the three mirrors are arranged on the same main bearing frame;

the secondary mirror is arranged on a reflection light path of the primary mirror and the three mirrors, the secondary mirror is arranged on an adjusting mechanism, and the adjusting mechanism drives the secondary mirror to adjust the position and the posture;

the light rays are incident to the primary mirror, reflected to the secondary mirror through the primary mirror, and then reflected to the tertiary mirror through the secondary mirror.

10. The remote space-optic sensor of claim 9, wherein the adjustment mechanism drives the secondary mirror to move in six degrees of freedom for position and attitude adjustment.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of optical equipment, in particular to an on-orbit adjustment method for a secondary mirror of a space optical remote sensor and the space optical remote sensor.

Background

The space optical remote sensor is widely applied to the fields of earth resource general survey, topographic mapping, ocean research, weather forecast and the like. With the continuous development of the space remote sensing technology, the requirement on the resolution of the space optical remote sensor is higher and higher, the focal length and the caliber of an optical system need to be designed to be larger and larger, and the large caliber and the long focal length become the main development direction of the current space optical remote sensing field.

With the increasing of the aperture and the focal length of the space optical remote sensor, the size and the weight of the space optical remote sensor are also increased rapidly, when the space optical remote sensor is installed and detected on the ground, due to the fact that the influence of gravity cannot be completely eliminated, a large-size reflector and a supporting structure thereof generate certain gravity deformation to cause surface shape errors and pose errors of the reflector, and a light-weight body of the remote sensor also generates certain gravity deformation to cause that when an optical system of the remote sensor is installed and adjusted on the ground and an optimal state is detected, each reflector actually contains the surface shape errors and the pose errors caused by the gravity deformation. After the space optical remote sensor is launched into the rail, the space optical remote sensor works in a space microgravity environment, and gravity deformation introduced when the space optical remote sensor is installed and adjusted on the ground can rebound and release, so that each reflector in the space optical remote sensor generates certain surface shape precision errors and pose errors, an optical system generates certain wave aberration, and the on-rail imaging quality of the space optical remote sensor is influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, it is desirable to provide an in-orbit adjustment method for secondary mirror of space optical remote sensor and a space optical remote sensor, which can effectively improve the in-orbit imaging quality.

An on-orbit adjustment method for a secondary mirror of a space optical remote sensor comprises the following steps:

detecting an imaging result of the space optical remote sensor after the space optical remote sensor transmits to a track;

analyzing the imaging result to obtain the wave aberration of the space optical remote sensor;

judging whether the wave aberration of the space optical remote sensor meets the requirement or not;

if not, after the wave aberration of the space optical remote sensor is subjected to optical calculation, the position and the posture of the secondary mirror are adjusted on track according to the result of the optical calculation until the wave aberration of the space optical remote sensor meets the requirement;

and if so, finishing the position and posture adjustment of the secondary mirror.

By adopting the on-orbit adjustment method of the secondary mirror of the space optical remote sensor, after the space optical remote sensor is transmitted to the orbit, the imaging result of the space optical remote sensor is analyzed, the wave aberration of the space optical remote sensor can be obtained, the position and the attitude of the secondary mirror are adjusted on-orbit after optical calculation, and the pose error of each optical element in the optical system can be effectively compensated, so that the wave aberration of the space optical remote sensor meets the requirement, and the on-orbit imaging performance of the large-caliber long-focus off-axis three-mirror optical system can be effectively improved.

In one embodiment, in the operation of the on-orbit adjustment of the position and the attitude of the secondary mirror, the adjustment accuracy is determined according to the tolerance of the position and the attitude of the secondary mirror of the space optical remote sensor.

In one embodiment, in the operation of the on-orbit adjustment of the position and posture of the secondary mirror, the precision of the rectilinear motion of the secondary mirror in the X direction is less than or equal to 0.003 mm; the linear motion precision of the secondary mirror along the Y direction is less than or equal to 0.003 mm; the precision of the linear motion of the secondary mirror along the Z direction is less than or equal to 0.01 mm.

In one embodiment, in the operation of the on-orbit adjustment of the position and posture of the secondary mirror, the precision of the rotation angle of the secondary mirror around the X direction is less than or equal to 1'; the precision of the rotation angle of the secondary mirror around the Y direction is less than or equal to 1'; and the precision of the rotation angle of the secondary mirror around the Z direction is less than or equal to 1.5'.

In one embodiment, in the operation of the on-orbit adjustment of the position and the posture of the secondary mirror, the adjustment range of the secondary mirror is determined according to the adjustment amount required by the secondary mirror for compensating the pose errors of the primary mirror and the tertiary mirror.

In one embodiment, the translation movement strokes of the secondary mirror in the X direction, the Y direction and the Z direction need to be determined according to the adjustment amount required by the secondary mirror for the pose error compensation of the primary mirror and the tertiary mirror.

In one embodiment, the angular motion strokes of the secondary mirror around the X direction, the Y direction and the Z direction are required to meet the requirements of the secondary mirror on angular error compensation of the primary mirror and the tertiary mirror.

In one embodiment, in the operation of the on-orbit adjustment of the position and posture of the secondary mirror, the secondary mirror is subjected to six-degree-of-freedom motion adjustment of translational motion in the X direction, the Y direction, and the Z direction and angular motion around the X direction, the Y direction, and the Z direction.

A space optical remote sensor comprises a primary mirror, a secondary mirror and a tertiary mirror;

the main mirror and the three mirrors are arranged on the same main bearing frame;

the secondary mirror is arranged on a reflection light path of the primary mirror and the three mirrors, the secondary mirror is arranged on an adjusting mechanism, and the adjusting mechanism drives the secondary mirror to adjust the position and the posture;

the light rays are incident to the primary mirror, reflected to the secondary mirror through the primary mirror, and then reflected to the tertiary mirror through the secondary mirror.

According to the space optical remote sensor, the main mirror and the three mirrors are arranged on the same main bearing frame, and the accurate poses of the main mirror and the three mirrors are ensured by an optical detection means during assembly and adjustment. The secondary mirror is adjusted to the optimal pose through an optical detection means during ground adjustment, the adjustment amount required by the secondary mirror is judged according to the imaging result of the space optical remote sensor after the secondary mirror is launched into the track, the precise adjustment of the pose of the secondary mirror is realized through an adjusting mechanism of the secondary mirror, the wave aberration caused by rebound release of an optical system of the space optical remote sensor due to gravity deformation can be effectively compensated, and the imaging quality of the space optical remote sensor is improved.

In one embodiment, the adjusting mechanism drives the secondary mirror to move in six degrees of freedom to adjust the position and the posture.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a TMA off-axis three-mirror optical system of a spatial optical remote sensor according to one embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an optical system of a space optical remote sensor that facilitates employing a space optical remote sensor secondary mirror in-orbit adjustment method, according to an embodiment;

fig. 3 is a flowchart of an on-track adjustment method of a secondary mirror of a space optical remote sensor.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. The fixed connection in the present invention includes direct fixed connection and indirect fixed connection.

The space optical remote sensor shown in fig. 1 is a certain large-caliber long-focus off-axis three-reflector space optical remote sensor. The space optical remote sensor adopts a TMA off-axis three-mirror optical system, and comprises a primary mirror 10, a secondary mirror 20 and a three-mirror 30. The light enters the primary mirror 10, is reflected by the primary mirror 10 to the secondary mirror 20, is reflected by the secondary mirror 20 to the tertiary mirror 30, and is reflected by the tertiary mirror 30 to the image plane 60.

As shown in fig. 2, a space optical remote sensor capable of performing secondary mirror pose adjustment by using a space optical remote sensor secondary mirror on-orbit adjustment method according to an embodiment is provided, and includes a primary mirror 10, a secondary mirror 20, and a tertiary mirror 30.

The main mirror 10 and the three mirrors 30 are arranged on the same main bearing frame 40.

The secondary mirror 20 is provided on the reflection light path of the primary mirror 10 and the tertiary mirror 30, the secondary mirror 20 is provided on the adjustment mechanism 50, and the adjustment mechanism 50 drives the secondary mirror 20 to adjust the position and posture.

The light enters the primary mirror 10, is reflected by the primary mirror 10 to the secondary mirror 20, and is reflected by the secondary mirror 20 to the tertiary mirror 30. Reflected by the three mirrors 30 to the image plane 60.

According to the space optical remote sensor, the main mirror 10 and the three mirrors 30 are arranged on the same main bearing frame 40, and the accurate poses of the main mirror 10 and the three mirrors 30 are ensured by an optical detection means during assembly and adjustment. The secondary mirror 20 is adjusted to the optimal pose through an optical detection means during ground adjustment, the adjustment amount required by the secondary mirror 20 is judged according to the imaging result of the space optical remote sensor after the secondary mirror 20 is launched into the rail, the precise adjustment of the pose of the secondary mirror 20 is realized through the adjusting mechanism 50 of the secondary mirror 20, the wave aberration caused by rebound release of an optical system of the space optical remote sensor due to gravity deformation can be effectively compensated, and the imaging quality of the space optical remote sensor is improved.

In one embodiment, the adjustment mechanism 50 drives the secondary mirror 20 to make a six degree of freedom motion for position and attitude adjustment. The adjustment mechanism 50 drives the secondary mirror 20 to perform posture adjustment with six degrees of freedom, and the position adjustment of the secondary mirror 20 is more accurate.

Design optimization is carried out on the optical system, and the position and attitude tolerance distribution of each optical element in the system can be obtained through optical design simulation and is listed in table 1.

TABLE 1 positional tolerances of optical elements in an optical system

When the space optical remote sensor is designed for an optical machine structure, the surface shape precision of each reflector needs to be guaranteed through designing a flexible supporting structure, the relative position relation is guaranteed through a space optical remote sensor body between the reflectors, and the flexible supporting structure and the light-weight body can deform to a certain extent under the action of gravity. The aperture of the primary mirror 10 in the space optical remote sensor optical system is the largest, and because the focal length of the system is long, the distance between the primary mirror 10 and the secondary mirror 20 is also large, and through simulation analysis, under the action of ground gravity, after the deformation of each reflector support structure and the deformation of a remote sensor body are superposed, the position and attitude tolerance range of an optical element required by optical design is exceeded, so that the influence of the change of a ground installation and adjustment gravity environment and an on-orbit working microgravity environment on the on-orbit actual imaging performance of the space optical remote sensor must be considered.

Because the off-axis three-mirror optical system is provided with the reflectors, each reflector can be provided with an adjusting device on the back to realize pose adjustment. The aperture and the mass of the primary mirror 10 in the optical system are the largest, the influence of gravity is the largest, the optical processing and supporting difficulty of the primary mirror 10 is the largest, the surface shape precision is very sensitive to the change of the inclination angle of gravity when the ground is assembled and adjusted, and the position tolerance of the primary mirror 10 in the optical system is the strictest, so that the primary mirror 10 is generally fixedly connected with a remote sensor body by taking the primary mirror 10 as the position reference of the system when the optical-mechanical structure design and the ground are assembled and adjusted, and the assembly and adjustment are carried out by taking the primary mirror 10 as the reference. During assembly and adjustment, the influence of gravity on the main mirror 10 is reduced as much as possible by other methods, the gravity deformation introduced by the pose of the main mirror 10 is ensured to be as small as possible, and the errors of surface shape and pose change caused by the gravity deformation release of the main mirror 10 in a space microgravity environment after launching into the orbit need to be compensated by the pose adjustment of other optical elements.

The secondary mirror 20 and the tertiary mirror 30 in the optical system can be used as adjusting optical elements, and it can be seen from the allocation of the pose tolerance of each optical element given in table 1 above that the pose accuracy requirement of the secondary mirror 20 is stricter than that of the tertiary mirror 30, i.e. the pose error of the secondary mirror 20 has a greater influence on the performance of the optical system, so that the secondary mirror 20 is more suitable for being used as an adjusting element.

In addition, in the large-caliber off-axis three-mirror optical system, the calibers and weights of the primary mirror 10 and the three-mirror 30 are generally relatively large, and the calibers and weights of the secondary mirror 20 are relatively small, so that the secondary mirror is used as an adjusting link, the load and power consumption of an adjusting mechanism can be effectively reduced, the adjusting mechanism is small and compact, and the weight and power consumption of the space optical remote sensor are effectively reduced.

Therefore, as shown in fig. 3, there is further provided an on-track adjustment method for a secondary mirror of the space optical remote sensor according to an embodiment, including the steps of:

and S10, detecting the imaging result of the space optical remote sensor after the space optical remote sensor emits to the track.

And S20, analyzing the imaging result to obtain the wave aberration of the space optical remote sensor.

In S20, specifically, the type and magnitude of the wave aberration existing in the optical system of the remote space optical sensor can be obtained by analyzing the imaging result of the remote space optical sensor.

And S30, judging whether the wave aberration of the space optical remote sensor meets the requirement.

And S40, if not, after the wave aberration of the space optical remote sensor is optically calculated, performing on-track adjustment of the position and the posture of the secondary mirror according to the result of the optical calculation until the wave aberration of the space optical remote sensor meets the requirement.

Wherein, in the operation of performing the on-orbit adjustment of the position and posture of the secondary mirror 20, the adjustment accuracy is determined according to the allowance of the position and posture of the secondary mirror 20 of the space optical remote sensor. The adjustment range is determined according to the adjustment amount required for the secondary mirror 20 to compensate the pose errors of the primary mirror 10 and the tertiary mirror 30. That is, when a specific adjustment scheme of the secondary mirror 20 is designed, the adjustment accuracy and the adjustment stroke of the adjustment mechanism of the secondary mirror 20 are determined through optical design and simulation analysis.

In one embodiment, the deviation tolerances of the secondary mirror 20 in the X direction, the Y direction, and the Z direction are respectively less than 0.03mm, and 0.1mm, and a certain design margin is considered to be left, so that the accuracy of the linear movement of the secondary mirror 20 in the X direction should be 0.003mm or less in the operation of performing the on-orbit adjustment of the position and posture of the secondary mirror 20; the linear motion precision of the secondary mirror 20 along the Y direction is less than or equal to 0.003 mm; the precision of the linear motion of the secondary mirror 20 in the Z direction should be 0.01mm or less. The translational movement strokes of the secondary mirror 20 in the X direction, the Y direction, and the Z direction need to be determined according to the adjustment amount required for the secondary mirror 20 to compensate the posture errors of the primary mirror 10 and the tertiary mirror 30.

In one embodiment, the tolerances of the rotation angles of the secondary mirror 20 about the X direction, the Y direction, and the Z direction are less than 4 ", and 6", respectively, and therefore, in the operation of performing the on-orbit adjustment of the position and the attitude of the secondary mirror 20, the precision of the rotation angle of the secondary mirror 20 about the X direction should be 1 "or less; the precision of the rotation angle of the secondary mirror 20 around the Y direction is less than or equal to 1'; the precision of the rotation angle of the secondary mirror 20 around the Z direction should be 1.5 "or less. The angular movement strokes of the secondary mirror 20 around the X direction, the Y direction and the Z direction are required to satisfy the requirement of the secondary mirror 20 for angular error compensation of the primary mirror 10 and the tertiary mirror 30.

In one embodiment, in the operation of the on-orbit adjustment of the position and posture of the secondary mirror 20, the secondary mirror 20 is subjected to six-degree-of-freedom motion adjustment of translational motion in the X direction, the Y direction, and the Z direction and angular motion around the X direction, the Y direction, and the Z direction.

And S50, if yes, finishing the position and posture adjustment of the secondary mirror.

The secondary mirror 20 is subjected to pose adjustment by adopting the on-orbit adjustment method of the secondary mirror of the space optical remote sensor, and the pose adjustment can be obtained through optical design and analysis, the secondary mirror 20 is used as an intermediate optical element between the primary mirror 10 and the tertiary mirror 30 and is set as an adjustment link, the pose adjustment is independently carried out, the pose errors of the primary mirror 10 and the tertiary mirror 30 can be effectively compensated and even eliminated, and the simulation analysis result is listed in table 2. From the simulation result, the pose errors of the primary mirror 10 and the tertiary mirror 30 are compensated through the pose adjustment of the secondary mirror 20, and the MTF of the optical system can be improved by 30 times when the effect is the best, so that the effect of improving the imaging performance of the space optical remote sensor by adopting the space optical remote sensor secondary mirror on-track adjustment method is very obvious.

TABLE 2 simulation results of primary mirror and tertiary mirror pose error compensation by secondary mirror adjustment

The high-precision installation and adjustment of the optical system of the space optical remote sensor are completed on the ground, the performance of the system is ensured to meet the requirement of design indexes through optical detection, and the optical-mechanical structure of the space optical remote sensor inevitably generates gravity deformation rebound release after being launched into a rail, so that each optical element of the optical system of the space optical remote sensor generates certain pose errors, and the optical system generates certain wave aberration. Therefore, by adopting the on-orbit adjustment method of the secondary mirror of the space optical remote sensor, after the space optical remote sensor is transmitted to the orbit, the imaging result of the space optical remote sensor is analyzed, the wave aberration of the space optical remote sensor can be obtained, the on-orbit adjustment of the position and the attitude of the secondary mirror 20 is carried out after the optical calculation, the pose error of each optical element in the optical system can be effectively compensated, so that the wave aberration of the space optical remote sensor meets the requirement, and the on-orbit imaging performance of the large-caliber long-focus off-axis three-mirror optical system can be effectively improved.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.