阅读说明：本技术 生物质活性炭材料的制备方法及其应用 (Preparation method and application of biomass activated carbon material ) 是由 李长明 张雨荷 吴超 于 2019-10-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种生物质活性碳材料的制备方法及其应用；所述制备方法包括以下步骤：(1)将浒苔洗涤并烘干得到碳源；(2)将步骤(1)中所得的碳源与过氧化氢混合活化,得到碳材料前驱体；(3)将步骤(2)中所得的碳材料前驱体在惰性环境中碳化后制得浒苔活性碳材料。本发明采用过氧化氢作为活化剂,并且利用对浒苔先活化再碳化的方法,制备的活性碳材料具有大量的介孔与大孔,极大的提高了比表面积及孔隙率。因此,本发明制备的活性碳材料具有优异的电化学性能,在电容器储能器件以及其他电极材料中具有广阔的应用前景。(The invention discloses a preparation method and application of a biomass activated carbon material; the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) washing and drying the enteromorpha to obtain a carbon source; (2) mixing and activating the carbon source obtained in the step (1) and hydrogen peroxide to obtain a carbon material precursor; (3) carbonizing the carbon material precursor obtained in the step (2) in an inert environment to obtain the enteromorpha activated carbon material. According to the invention, hydrogen peroxide is used as an activating agent, and the method of activating and carbonizing enteromorpha is utilized, so that the prepared active carbon material has a large number of mesopores and macropores, and the specific surface area and the porosity are greatly improved. Therefore, the activated carbon material prepared by the method has excellent electrochemical performance and has wide application prospect in capacitor energy storage devices and other electrode materials.)

1. A preparation method of biomass activated carbon material is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

(1) washing and drying the enteromorpha to obtain a carbon source;

(2) mixing and activating the carbon source obtained in the step (1) and hydrogen peroxide to obtain a carbon material precursor;

(3) carbonizing the carbon material precursor obtained in the step (2) in an inert environment to obtain the enteromorpha activated carbon material.

2. The method for preparing a biomass activated carbon material according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (1), the drying temperature is 60-120 ℃.

3. The method for preparing a biomass activated carbon material according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (2), the mass ratio of the carbon source to the hydrogen peroxide is 2-20: 1.

4. The method for preparing a biomass activated carbon material according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (2), the activation temperature is 100-150 ℃, and the activation time is 1-3 h.

5. The method for preparing a biomass activated carbon material according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (3), the temperature is raised to the carbonization temperature of 700 ℃ and 900 ℃ at the temperature raising rate of 1-5 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 1-3h, and then the cooling is carried out.

6. The enteromorpha activated carbon material prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 5.

7. The use of the enteromorpha activated carbon material prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 5 in capacitor energy storage devices.

8. The use of the enteromorpha activated carbon material prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 5 in an electrode material.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of electrode materials, in particular to a preparation method and application of a biomass activated carbon material.

Background

Biomass refers to any renewable or recyclable organic matter, including all animals, plants and microorganisms, and all organic matter excreted and metabolized by these living organisms, and has the characteristics of low price, rich sources, environmental friendliness and the like. Some marine organisms will be crazy to breed and grow when the water pollution is serious, and need to be salvaged by manpower, thus wasting a large amount of manpower, material resources and financial resources. Taking Enteromorpha as an example, an Enteromorpha genus green algae of Ulvaceae family, which is composed of a single layer of cells, is widely distributed in various oceans all over the world. Normally, the water quality is kept clean and dirty, and the marine ecological balance of upstream and downstream food chains and the like together with the fungi in the natural water body. The enteromorpha is nontoxic, but due to the random discharge of sewage in human society, the inexhaustibility of feed used in the mariculture industry, global warming, seawater temperature rise and other factors, the enteromorpha is exploded on a large scale, and a plurality of green tide disasters are caused in the world. From 2008, a large amount of enteromorpha is always in the sea area near Qingdao from the sea ticket in the middle of the yellow sea, and the sea area near Qingdao and the coast of Qingdao suffer from sudden and rare natural enteromorpha disasters. To date, Qingdao has been subject to large scale Enteromorpha logins for many years. A large amount of enteromorpha is floated and gathered to the shore to block a navigation channel, and meanwhile, a large amount of oxygen is consumed and smelly odor is emitted when the enteromorpha is rotten and propagated after being accumulated in a large amount, and simultaneously, the marine ecosystem is damaged, and the development of coastal fishery and tourism industry is seriously threatened. It is known that only Qingdao city salvages Enteromorpha as much as millions of tons every year. How to consume a large amount of enteromorpha in a short time and changing the enteromorpha into things of value is a major topic for saving the marine ecological environment.

In recent years, carbon materials have attracted much attention because of their excellent electrical conductivity, good mechanical ductility, abundant pore structures, and adjustable specific surface area. At present, the activated carbon manufactured by using the traditional process method for preparing the activated carbon has relatively small specific surface area and less pore distribution, and greatly limits the development of high-performance energy storage devices. Therefore, the preparation of carbon materials with high specific surface area and developed pores from renewable biomass materials has become a hot research.

Patent documents with publication numbers of CN106477574A, CN104167301B, CN106744784B and CN108400018A disclose methods for preparing carbon materials from enteromorpha, which form a large number of micropores and mesopores on the tube wall of enteromorpha through a carbonization activation process on the basis of keeping the original tubular structure of enteromorpha fiber, so as to prepare porous carbon materials based on enteromorpha, and increase the specific surface area and porosity of the porous carbon materials.

However, all the activators used in the above method are potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, etc., and the pore-forming ability is limited, so that the specific surface area and porosity of the finally obtained carbon material cannot meet the application requirements.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a preparation method and application of a biomass activated carbon material, and the specific surface area and the porosity of the activated carbon material are improved.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

a preparation method of a biomass activated carbon material comprises the following steps:

(1) washing and drying the enteromorpha to obtain a carbon source;

(2) mixing and activating the carbon source obtained in the step (1) and hydrogen peroxide to obtain a carbon material precursor;

(3) carbonizing the carbon material precursor obtained in the step (2) in an inert environment to obtain the enteromorpha activated carbon material.

As a preferable technical scheme, in the step (1), the drying temperature is 60-120 ℃.

Preferably, in the step (2), the mass ratio of the carbon source to the hydrogen peroxide is 2-20: 1.

As a preferable technical scheme, in the step (2), the activation temperature is 100-150 ℃, and the activation time is 1-3 h.

As a preferable technical scheme, in the step (3), the temperature is raised to the carbonization temperature of 700-900 ℃ at the temperature raising rate of 1-5 ℃/min, kept for 1-3h, and then cooled.

The enteromorpha prolifera activated carbon material prepared by the preparation method.

The enteromorpha activated carbon material prepared by the preparation method is applied to capacitor energy storage devices.

The enteromorpha activated carbon material prepared by the preparation method is applied to electrode materials.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

according to the invention, hydrogen peroxide is used as an activating agent, and the method of activating and carbonizing enteromorpha is utilized, so that the prepared active carbon material has a large number of mesopores and macropores, and the specific surface area and the porosity are greatly improved. Therefore, the activated carbon material prepared by the method has excellent electrochemical performance and has wide application prospect in capacitor energy storage devices and other electrode materials.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope photograph of an Enteromorpha carbon material obtained in comparative example 1;

FIG. 2 is a Raman spectrum of the Enteromorpha carbon material obtained in comparative example 1;

FIG. 3 is a scanning electron microscope image of the Enteromorpha activated carbon material obtained in example 1;

FIG. 4 is a Raman spectrum of the Enteromorpha activated carbon material obtained in example 1;

FIG. 5 is an XRD spectrum of the Enteromorpha prolifera activated carbon material obtained in example 1;

FIG. 6 is a BET diagram of the Enteromorpha activated carbon material obtained in example 1;

FIG. 7 is a pore size distribution diagram of the Enteromorpha activated carbon material obtained in example 1;

FIG. 8 is a CV diagram of the Enteromorpha activated carbon material obtained in example 1;

FIG. 9 is a GCD graph of the Enteromorpha activated carbon material obtained in example 1;

FIG. 10 shows that the Enteromorpha activated carbon material obtained in example 1 is prepared in 2Ag^-1And a cyclic charge-discharge curve graph is obtained by 10000 times of charge-discharge under current density.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.