阅读说明：本技术 一种道砟形态特征的提取装置 (Extraction element of railway ballast morphological characteristic ) 是由 周陶勇 张帅辉 许平 夏建军 于 2019-10-18 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种道砟形态特征的提取装置,属于铁路工程设备技术领域。本发明包括主动机构、拍摄机构、夹紧机构、从动机构、机箱；主动机构一端与从动机构连接,拍摄机构安装在机箱上,夹紧机构安装在机箱上,从动机构安装在机箱中；本发明在不影响正常拍摄道砟的前提下,用机器代替手工,解决了拍摄过程中出现的工作效率低、自动化程度低等问题。主动机构通过利用PLC技术来自动控制伺服电机的转速,减少了人工操作,操作方便,省时省力,能够快速、准确地实现转台的精度旋转,提高了工作效率,有效解决转角不均匀等问题。通过使用拍摄机构解决了以往手工拍摄中出现的拍摄角度不精确,拍摄高度不一致等问题。(The invention relates to an extraction device for morphological characteristics of railway ballasts, and belongs to the technical field of railway engineering equipment. The invention comprises a driving mechanism, a shooting mechanism, a clamping mechanism, a driven mechanism and a case; one end of the driving mechanism is connected with the driven mechanism, the shooting mechanism is installed on the case, the clamping mechanism is installed on the case, and the driven mechanism is installed in the case; according to the invention, on the premise of not influencing normal ballast shooting, a machine is used for replacing manual operation, so that the problems of low working efficiency, low automation degree and the like in the shooting process are solved. The driving mechanism automatically controls the rotating speed of the servo motor by utilizing a PLC technology, manual operation is reduced, operation is convenient, time and labor are saved, precision rotation of the rotary table can be quickly and accurately realized, working efficiency is improved, and the problems of uneven corners and the like are effectively solved. The problems that the shooting angle is not accurate, the shooting height is inconsistent and the like in the traditional manual shooting are solved by using the shooting mechanism.)

1. The utility model provides an extraction element of railway ballast morphological feature which characterized in that: comprises a driving mechanism (1), a shooting mechanism (2), a clamping mechanism (3), a driven mechanism (4) and a case (5); one end of the driving mechanism (1) is connected with the driven mechanism (4), the shooting mechanism (2) is installed on a box cover (5-1) of the case (5), the clamping mechanism (3) is installed on the box cover (5-1), and the driven mechanism (4) is installed in a box body (5-2) of the case (5).

2. The ballast morphological feature extraction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the driving mechanism (1) comprises a servo motor (1-1), a motor shaft (1-2), a coupler (1-3) and a PLC (programmable logic controller) (1-4); a motor shaft (1-2) of the servo motor (1-1) is connected with a driven mechanism (4) through a coupler (1-3); the servo motor (1-1) is connected with the PLC controller (1-4) through a circuit.

3. The ballast morphological feature extraction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the shooting mechanism (2) comprises a compression spring (2-1), a locking nut (2-2), a camera controller (2-3), a camera (2-4), a shooting platform (2-5) and a platform support (2-6); the compression spring (2-1) is divided into an upper section and a lower section, and the compression spring (2-1) is fixed in the platform support (2-6); the camera (2-4) is in line connection with the camera controller (2-3), the camera controller (2-3) is in line connection with the PLC controller (1-4), and the camera (2-4) is installed on the shooting platform (2-5); the shooting platform (2-5) is arranged in the platform support (2-6), the shooting platform (2-5) is supported by the compression spring (2-1), and the shooting platform (2-5) is locked by the locking nut (2-2).

4. The ballast morphological feature extraction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the clamping mechanism (3) comprises a short conical four-jaw chuck (3-1) and a rotary table (3-2); the short conical four-jaw chuck (3-1) is arranged on the rotary table (3-2), and the rotary table (3-2) is arranged on the box cover (5-1).

5. The ballast morphological feature extraction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the driven mechanism (4) comprises a straight bevel gear (4-1), a driven shaft (4-2), a straight bevel gear (4-3), a driven shaft (4-4), a straight gear (4-5) and a straight gear (4-6); one end of the driven shaft (4-2) is connected with the motor shaft (1-2) through a coupler, and the driven shaft (4-2) is connected with the straight gear (4-6) in a key mode; the straight bevel gear (4-3) and the straight gear (4-5) are respectively in key connection with the driven shaft (4-4), the straight bevel gear (4-5) and the straight gear (4-6) are in gear engagement, the straight bevel gear (4-1) and the straight bevel gear (4-3) are in gear engagement, the straight bevel gear (4-1) is in key connection with the rotary table (3-2), the driven shaft (4-2) and the driven shaft (4-4) are installed in the box body (5-2) through bearings, and the case (5) is fixed on the ground.

Technical Field

The invention relates to an extraction device for morphological characteristics of railway ballasts, and belongs to the technical field of railway engineering equipment.

Background

At present, the railway ballast is an indispensable part in a ballast railway and is essential to the analysis of the railway ballast. Before three-dimensional modeling of the railway ballast, the railway ballast needs to be shot, and the three-dimensional form of the railway ballast needs to be collected.

In the conventional railway ballast shooting process, manual operation is mostly adopted, and the problems of low working efficiency, low automation degree, uneven corner, unsatisfactory shooting effect and the like in the shooting process are difficult to avoid. Aiming at the problem, the device for extracting the morphological characteristics of the railway ballast is designed, and the size of the corner of the motor can be automatically adjusted according to the requirement under the control of a PLC (programmable logic controller) in the railway ballast shooting process.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an extraction device for the morphological characteristics of a ballast, and the extraction device is used for solving the problems of unsatisfactory shooting effect, low working efficiency, low automation degree, uneven turning angle and the like in the shooting process.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a device for extracting morphological characteristics of a railway ballast comprises a driving mechanism, a shooting mechanism, a clamping mechanism, a driven mechanism and a case; one end of the driving mechanism is connected with the driven mechanism, the shooting mechanism is installed on a case cover of the case, the clamping mechanism is installed on the case cover, and the driven mechanism is installed in the case body of the case.

The driving mechanism comprises a servo motor, a motor shaft, a coupler and a PLC (programmable logic controller); a motor shaft of the servo motor is connected with the driven mechanism through a coupler; and the servo motor is connected with the PLC through a circuit.

The shooting mechanism comprises a compression spring, a locking nut, a camera controller, a camera, a shooting platform and a platform bracket; the compression spring is divided into an upper section and a lower section and is fixed in the platform bracket; the camera is connected with the camera controller through a circuit, the camera controller is connected with the PLC through a circuit, and the camera is installed on the shooting platform; the shooting platform is arranged in the platform support and is supported by the compression spring, and the shooting platform is locked by the locking nut.

The clamping mechanism comprises a short conical four-jaw chuck and a rotary table; the short conical four-jaw chuck is arranged on the rotary table, and the rotary table is arranged on the box cover.

The driven mechanism comprises a straight bevel gear, a driven shaft, a straight gear and a straight gear; one end of the driven shaft is connected with the motor shaft through a coupler, and the driven shaft is connected with the straight gear key; straight bevel gear and straight-tooth gear respectively with the driven shaft key-type connection, and be gear engagement between straight-tooth gear and the straight-tooth gear to be gear engagement between straight bevel gear and the straight bevel gear, straight bevel gear and revolving stage key-type connection, driven shaft and driven shaft pass through the bearing and install in the box, and the machine case is fixed subaerial.

The working principle of the invention is as follows:

the ballast is stably placed on the short conical four-jaw chuck and fixed, and the camera is adjusted to a proper position for shooting through angle change by adjusting the up-and-down movement of the shooting platform; in the shooting process, the PLC controls the servo motor to adjust the rotation of the rotary table, and the PLC controls the camera controller to shoot the camera within a fixed rotation angle. Assuming that m pictures need to be taken, the angle of taking is

The rotating speed of the rotary table is as follows:

in the first-stage speed reduction in the moving mechanism, the relationship between the rotating speed of the driven shaft and the rotating speed of the rotary table is as follows:

the relation between the rotating speed of the driven shaft and the rotating speed of the driven shaft is as follows:

the rotating speed of the servo motor is the same as that of the driven shaft, namely:

，

assuming that the transmission ratio of each stage is fixed, so thatIt can be seen from the above that the actual output rotation speed of the servo motor is changedThereby realizing the number m of required photos.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the problems of inaccurate shooting effect, low working efficiency, low automation degree, uneven turning angle and the like in the shooting process can be solved.

2. Through PLC controller control, convenient operation, it is rotatory accurate, labour saving and time saving, can improve production efficiency.

3. The design, analysis method and actual development process can provide theoretical guidance for other similar devices.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a perspective sectional view of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a front sectional view of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the shooting mechanism of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a left side view of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a right-view structural diagram of the present invention.

In the figure: 1-a driving mechanism, 1-1-a servo motor, 1-2-a motor shaft, 1-3-a coupler, 1-4-a PLC controller, 2-a shooting mechanism, 2-1-a compression spring, 2-2-a lock nut, 2-3-a camera controller, 2-4-a camera, 2-5-a shooting platform, 2-6-a platform support, 3-a clamping mechanism, 3-1-a short conical four-jaw chuck, 3-2-a turntable, 4-a driven mechanism, 4-1-a straight bevel gear, 4-2-a driven shaft, 4-3-a straight bevel gear, 4-4-a driven shaft, 4-5-a straight gear, 4-6-a straight gear, 5-case, 5-1-case cover, 5-2-case body.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.