阅读说明：本技术 用于停止电梯轿厢的不受控移动的电梯中的设备 (Arrangement in an elevator for stopping uncontrolled movement of an elevator car ) 是由 A.卡泰宁 M.拉萨宁 M.哈帕涅米 于 2017-05-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：用于停止电梯轿厢的不受控移动的电梯中的设备,所述电梯至少包括布置成沿导轨(1a)在电梯井中往复移动的电梯轿厢(1),以及用于停止电梯轿厢(1)的不受控移动的器件。根据本发明的设备包括制止器(4、5),所述制止器与电梯轿厢(1)的导轨(1a)分开并且独立于电梯轿厢(1)的悬挂件。(Arrangement in an elevator for stopping uncontrolled movement of an elevator car, which elevator comprises at least an elevator car (1) arranged to move to and fro in an elevator hoistway along guide rails (1a), and means for stopping uncontrolled movement of the elevator car (1). The arrangement according to the invention comprises a catch (4, 5) which is separate from the guide rail (1a) of the elevator car (1) and independent of the suspension of the elevator car (1).)

1. An arrangement in an elevator for stopping uncontrolled movement of an elevator car, which elevator comprises at least an elevator car (1) arranged to move to and fro in an elevator hoistway along guide rails (1a), and means for stopping uncontrolled movement of the elevator car (1), characterized in that the arrangement comprises a catch (4, 5) which is separate from the guide rails (1a) of the elevator car (1) and independent of the suspension of the elevator car (1).

2. An arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for stopping the uncontrolled movement of the elevator car (1) comprise stopping means (6), which stopping means (6) is rotatable about its axis of rotation (10) under the influence of the movement of the elevator car (1), the rotational movement of which stopping means is arranged to be stopped after the speed of movement of the elevator car (1) has increased above a predetermined speed.

3. An arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the stopping means (6) is rotatably mounted on bearings on the elevator car (1) and connected at its outer edge to the stopper (4, 5) so that when the elevator car (1) moves, the stopping means (6) follows the stopper (4, 5) and receives its rotational movement from the stopper (4, 5).

4. A device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that it comprises a brake for stopping the rotational movement of the stop means (6).

5. An arrangement according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the catch (4, 5) is flexible.

6. Arrangement according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that there are at least two catches (4, 5) and that they are arranged essentially symmetrically with respect to the elevator car (1) so that the two catches (4, 5) are fixed at their first ends above the elevator car (1) and at their second ends below the elevator car (1).

7. An arrangement according to claim 6, characterized in that the first catch (4) is fixed at its first end to its first fixing point (4a) in the top of the elevator hoistway and at its second end to its second fixing point (4b) in the bottom of the elevator hoistway such that the first catch (4) is located at the point of the elevator car (1) and above the first side elevator car (1) of the elevator car (1) and below the second side elevator car (1) of the elevator car 1, and that the second catch (5) is fixed at its first end to its first fixing point (5a) in the top of the elevator hoistway and at its second end to its second fixing point (5b) at the bottom of the elevator hoistway such that the second catch (5) is located at the point of the elevator car (1) and above the second side elevator car (1) of the elevator car (1) and above the first side elevator car (1) of the elevator car (1) Below.

8. An arrangement according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the catch (4, 5) is a chain and the stop means (6) is a sprocket wheel.

9. An arrangement according to any of the preceding claims 1-7, characterized in that the catch (4, 5) is a belt, preferably a V-belt, and the stop means (6) is a pulley or a belt gripper.

10. An arrangement according to claim 9, characterised in that the catch (4, 5) is a toothed belt and the stop means (6) is a toothed pulley.

11. An arrangement according to claim 9, characterised in that the catch (4, 5) is a V-belt.

12. An arrangement according to any of the preceding claims 1-7, characterized in that the catch (4, 5) is a wire rope and the stopping means (6) is a rope pulley or rope gripper.

13. An arrangement according to any one of the foregoing claims, characterised in that the overspeed governor is connected to rotate with the stopping means (6).

Technical Field

The object of the invention is an apparatus for stopping uncontrolled movement of an elevator car as defined in the preamble of claim 1.

Background

According to the european union elevator instruction (EU Lifts direct), the elevator must have means for stopping uncontrolled movement of the elevator car in both directions. These types of devices must be able to prevent free fall of the elevator car or uncontrolled upward movement of the elevator car if the operating power is disconnected or if a component of the elevator fails. In this case the means for stopping the elevator car do not cause a speed reduction in any load situation, which would injure the elevator passengers.

Typically, these types of means for stopping the elevator car in an abnormal situation comprise one or more safety gear devices on the elevator car, and an overspeed governor connected to the safety gear device, which overspeed governor is arranged to activate the safety gear, e.g. by means of a string. If the speed of movement of the elevator car and at the same time the speed of rotation of the overspeed governor connected to the elevator car by means of the rope rises to become too high, the centrifugal device of the overspeed governor will stop the rotational movement of the overspeed governor, in which case the above-mentioned rope of the overspeed governor transmits force to the gripping means of the safety gear device on the elevator car, the wedge of which presses the wedge housing against the car guide rails and stops the movement of the elevator car.

One problem in the safety gear solutions known from the prior art is that clamping often occurs somewhat unevenly, in which case the applied decelerating force on one car guide rail is greater than the applied decelerating force on the other car guide rail. Thus, for the elevator car, or in those solutions in which a car sling surrounding the elevator car is used, the car sling must be so strong that it can withstand the forces resulting from uneven clamping. This adds weight to the structure and increases cost.

Another problem is that the car guide rails must be dimensioned to be able to withstand the force exerted by the clamping, which occurs on the car guide rails. In this case the guide rails must generally be much stronger than the guide rails that only need to withstand the forces generated by guiding the movement of the elevator car.

Disclosure of Invention

The object of the present invention is to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks and to achieve an apparatus for stopping uncontrolled movement of an elevator car that is inexpensive and easy to implement in an elevator. The device according to the invention is characterized by what is disclosed in the characterization part of claim 1. Other embodiments of the invention are characterized by what is disclosed in the other claims.

Some inventive embodiments are also discussed in the descriptive section of the present application. The inventive content of the application can also be defined differently than in the claims presented below. The inventive content may also consist of several separate inventions, especially if the invention is considered in the light of expressions or implicit sub-tasks or from the point of view of advantages or categories of advantages achieved. In this case, some of the attributes contained in the claims below may be superfluous from the point of view of separate inventive concepts. Likewise, the different details presented in connection with each embodiment may also be applied in other embodiments. Furthermore, it may be stated that at least some of the dependent claims may in at least some cases be considered inventive per se.

The arrangement according to the invention relates to stopping uncontrolled movement of an elevator car in an elevator, which elevator comprises at least an elevator car arranged to move to and fro in an elevator hoistway along guide rails, and means for stopping uncontrolled movement of the elevator car. A preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the apparatus comprises a catch separate from the guide rail of the elevator car and independent of the suspension of the elevator car, and in that the means for stopping the uncontrolled movement of the elevator car comprise stopping means which rotate about its axis of rotation under the influence of the movement of the elevator car, the rotational movement of the stopping means being arranged to be stopped after the speed of movement of the elevator car has increased above a predetermined speed. The arrangement according to one preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the stopping means is rotatably mounted on bearings on the elevator car and connected at its outer edge to the catch so that when the elevator car moves, the stopping means follows the catch and receives the rotational movement of the stopping means from the catch.

One advantage of the solution according to the invention is that accidental and uncontrolled movement of the elevator car is not stopped by gripping the car guide rails, in which case light and inexpensive elevator car guide rails can be used. In this case, the guide rails of the elevator car can be manufactured, for example, from cold-formed steel sheet, in which case the guide rails can be, for example, approximately three times lighter than in solutions according to the prior art. This facilitates handling of the guide rail, especially in connection with transport and installation.

In addition, one advantage is that the elevator car and/or the car sling does not need to be dimensioned to withstand a side grip. Another advantage is also that the suspension of the elevator car is balanced when supported by clamping. Thus, a lighter elevator car can be manufactured. Another advantage is a controlled stop for uncontrolled movement of the elevator car, which stop is independent of the suspension of the elevator car. Another advantage is that removal of the gripping track after the gripping has taken place does not cause delay and extra work while waiting for the elevator to be put back into service.

Drawings

In the following, the invention will be described in more detail by means of examples of embodiments thereof with reference to the appended simplified and schematic drawings, in which

Fig. 1 presents a diagrammatic, simplified side view of a part of an elevator, which is provided with a device for preventing uncontrolled movement according to the invention,

fig. 2 presents a diagrammatic, simplified, enlarged and cross-sectional side view of the structure of the apparatus according to fig. 1, which apparatus is intended to prevent uncontrolled movements, which apparatus is located at the bottom of the elevator car,

fig. 3 shows a simplified and enlarged view of a safety gear device according to the invention, taken along section line a-a of fig. 1, and

fig. 4 shows a simplified and enlarged view of one half of the safety gear device according to the invention, taken along section line B-B of fig. 3.

Detailed Description

Fig. 1 presents a schematic and simplified side view of an elevator car 1 in one elevator according to the invention, which elevator is provided with a new stopping appliance 3 for uncontrolled movement, instead of a safety gear solution according to prior art, which new stopping appliance 3 is arranged to stop uncontrolled movement of the elevator car 1. In the solution according to this embodiment, the elevator car 1 traveling on its guide rails 1a is suspended from suspension ropes 2, which suspension ropes 2 can also be used as moving means of the elevator car 1. For the sake of clarity, only a part of the guide rails 1a of the elevator car 1 is shown in fig. 1, and the other normal components of the elevator are not shown at all.

In addition to the elevator car 1, fig. 1 also shows a stopping device 3 for uncontrolled movement of the elevator car 1, which device comprises a safety gear means 3a, which safety gear means 3a is provided with a stopping means 6 rotating about its central axis and with a brake, a freely rotating diverting means 9 and at least two flexible, substantially stationary catches 4 and 5, which serve as movement transmitting means. The catches 4 and 5 are arranged to run crosswise to each other below the elevator car 1, so that the elevator car is supported as evenly as possible.

The arresting means 6 is arranged in contact with the substantially stationary catches 4, 5 and receives its rotational movement from the catches 4, 5 by this contact when the elevator car 1 moves and simultaneously carries the arresting means 6.

In the clamped state, the rotational movement of the stop means 6 is stopped in a controlled manner by means of the brake. The stopping is preferably carried out at a deceleration which does not cause injury to passengers in the elevator car 1. The apparatus 3 according to the invention for preventing uncontrolled movement of the elevator car 1 is separate and independent from the support of the elevator car 1 and does not rest on the guide rails 1a of the elevator car 1.

In the solution according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the flexible stopper 4 and 5 is a toothed belt, the rotation stopping means 6 is a toothed pulley and the rotation diverting means 9 is a diverting wheel with a smooth surface. In the following description, when referring to the aforementioned devices, the terminology according to their preferred embodiments will be used.

The interlaced toothed belts 4, 5 of the device 3 for stopping uncontrolled movement of the elevator car 1 are each arranged to run on a toothed belt wheel 6 and a diverting pulley 9 when the elevator car 1 moves up and down on its guide rails 1 a. The toothed belt pulley 6 is arranged to function in the clamped state as a means of stopping uncontrolled movement of the elevator car 1, which means stopping the elevator car 1 on the toothed belts 4, 5 functioning as a stopper.

The first toothed belt 4 is fixed at its first end to its first fixing point 4a via a flexible fixing means, e.g. to the roof of the elevator hoistway or to the top of the elevator hoistway, from which fixing point 4a the toothed belt 4 is guided downwards and passes under the first toothed belt pulley 6 of the safety gear means 3a on the bottom of the elevator car 1, after which the first toothed belt 4 is guided over a first diverting pulley 9 on the bottom of the elevator car 1, e.g. on the corner of the elevator car 1 opposite the first toothed belt pulley 6, and continues its downward travel after passing around the first diverting pulley 9 to its fixing point 4b of the second end in the bottom of the elevator hoistway, e.g. to the floor of the elevator hoistway to which the first toothed belt 4 is fixed at its second end by the flexible fixing means. In this way the toothed belt 4 is at a point of the elevator car 1 and above the first side of the elevator car 1 and below the second side of the elevator car 1.

Correspondingly, the second toothed belt 5 is fixed at its second end by means of a flexible fixing means to its second fixing point 5b at the bottom of the elevator hoistway, e.g. to the floor of the elevator hoistway, from which fixing point 5b the toothed belt 5 is guided upwards and passes over the second toothed belt pulley 6 of the safety gear 3a on the bottom of the elevator car 1, after which the second toothed belt 5 is guided below a second diverting pulley 9 on the bottom of the elevator car 1, e.g. on the corner of the elevator car 1 opposite the second toothed belt pulley 6, and continues its upward travel after passing around the bottom of the diverting pulley 9 to its fixing point 5a at the first end in the top of the elevator hoistway, e.g. to the roof of the elevator hoistway to which the second toothed belt 5 is fixed by means of a flexible fixing means at its first end. In this way the toothed belt 5 is at a point of the elevator car 1 and above the second side of the elevator car 1 and below the first side of the elevator car 1.

Fig. 2 shows a schematic, simplified, enlarged and cross-sectional side view of the structure of the device 3 for blocking uncontrolled movement of the elevator car 1 according to fig. 1, the arrangement being located at the bottom of the elevator car 1. The blocking device 3 in fig. 2 is cut away, so that only the brake disk 7 and the brake caliper 8 of the brake 3b of the first toothed belt 4 and the toothed pulley 6 of the second toothed belt 5, behind which the toothed pulley 6 of the first toothed belt 4 is located, are shown in the safety gear device 3 a. The brake discs 7 and the toothed pulleys 6 of the two toothed belts 4, 5 rotate on a common shaft 10 and at the same speed and in the same direction as the shaft 10, which shaft 10 is mounted on bearings, e.g. on the frame of the brake 3b or on some other suitable location on the bottom of the elevator car 1, e.g. on the bottom corner of the elevator car 1.

On the bottom of the elevator car 1, e.g. on the bottom corner of the elevator car 1 opposite the safety gear device 3a, is a diverting wheel assembly comprising a common smooth-surfaced diverting wheel 9 for both toothed belts 4 and 5, or a smooth-surfaced diverting wheel 9 for each toothed belt. The diverting pulley or diverting pulleys 9 are preferably fixed to a rotation axis 11, which rotation axis 11 is mounted on bearings in place on the bottom of the elevator car 1.

Fig. 2 also shows the distribution of the clamping force F in the toothed belts 4 and 5 on different sides of the elevator car 1. Since the clamping is effected by means of a safety gear device 3a, the same clamping force acts on the toothed pulleys 6 of the two toothed belts 4 and 5, so that the exact same clamping force F ═ F₁＝F₂＝F₃Acting on the two toothed belts 4 and 5. Thus, in this case, F₁＝F₃So that no unilateral clamping occurs.

Fig. 3 and 4 show a simplified, enlarged and suitably cut-away safety gear device 3a according to the invention. Fig. 3 shows a safety gear device 3a according to the invention, sectioned along section line a-a of fig. 1, but without brake caliper 8 sectioned for the sake of clarity. Correspondingly, fig. 4 shows half of a safety gear device 3a according to the invention, cut along the section line B-B of fig. 3.

In the embodiment of fig. 3 and 4, each toothed belt 4 and 5 has its own toothed pulley 6 and its own brake 3b with brake disc 7 and brake caliper 8. The toothed belt wheel 6 and the brake disc 7 are fixed by means of a key 12 to rotate together with the common axis of rotation 10 of the toothed belt wheel 6 and the brake disc 7, which are rotated by the toothed belts 4 and 5, when the elevator car 1 is moving. It is essential that both toothed pulleys 6 always rotate at the same speed and that an equal clamping force is always applied to them. Brake caliper 8, provided with brake pads, is non-rotatably fixed to the frame of brake 3b or other suitable position.

Instead of the individual toothed pulleys 6 and brakes 3b described above, the toothed belts 4 and 5 can advantageously have only one common toothed pulley 6 and also only a common brake 3b with a brake disc 7 and a brake caliper 8.

The apparatus according to the invention also comprises an overspeed governor for the movement of the elevator car 1, which overspeed governor is, however, not shown for the sake of clarity. Preferably, the operation of the overspeed governor is based on centrifugal force. The overspeed governor can be a conventional overspeed governor used in elevators.

In a preferred solution according to the invention, the overspeed governor is connected directly to the brake 3b of the safety gear device 3a and to the rotating parts of the safety gear device 3a, such as the brake disc 7, the toothed pulley 6 or their common axis of rotation 10. In this case no separate rope for the overspeed governor is needed in the centrifugal triggering to stop uncontrolled movement of the elevator car. The overspeed governor is connected to the rotating part of the safety gear device 3a moving together with the elevator car 1 so that the centrifugal weights rotate at the same speed as the axis of rotation 10. If the speed of the elevator car 1 increases above a predetermined limit speed, the rotational speed of the shaft 10 also increases such that the centrifugal weight causes a so-called centrifugal triggering, which activates the brake 3b of the safety gear device 3 a. In this case the uncontrolled movement of the elevator car 1 stops in a controlled manner due to the brake 3 b.

One way of activating the brake 3b of the safety gear device 3a when an eccentric trigger occurs is such that the toothed pulley 6 rotating the safety gear device 3a is arranged to generate a pressure or force that is transmitted to the brake 3b of the safety gear device 3a, so that the brake pads of the brake caliper 8 are pressed against the brake disc 7 of the brake 3 b. The speed of the centrifugal trigger may preferably be adjusted, e.g. electrically.

Alternatively, the brake pads of brake caliper 8 may be pressed against brake disc 7 by means of springs. In this case, the brake must be opened by an electromagnet, hydraulic or pneumatic pressure, and therefore the device must have a power source or an accumulator to generate the opening energy in the rescue action.

In the solution according to the invention it is important that the catch is separated from the guide rail 1a of the elevator car 1, in which case the clamping, i.e. stopping of the uncontrolled movement of the elevator car 1, does not exert pressure on the guide rail 1a of the elevator car 1. The deterrent is preferably e.g. the aforementioned toothed belt device, in which two toothed belts 4 and 5 are arranged crosswise to each other to travel from below the trajectory of the elevator car 1 to above the trajectory and to rotate a toothed pulley 6, which toothed pulley 6 is fitted to move together with the elevator car 1 when the elevator car 1 moves, the toothed pulley being in toothed contact with both toothed belts 4, 5. The rotation of the toothed pulley 6 is stopped in the clamped state based on the triggering of the overspeed governor traveling with the elevator car 1. The controlled stopping of the toothed pulley 6 is achieved by means of a brake 3b, for example a disc brake.

It is obvious to the person skilled in the art that the invention is not limited solely to the examples described above, but that it may be varied within the scope of the claims presented below. Thus, for example, the device according to the invention may differ from the device presented above.

It is obvious to the person skilled in the art that the arrester of the elevator car may be some other suitable structure suited to the purpose, e.g. a flexible chain, such as a transmission chain, instead of a toothed belt. In this case, the stop means and the diverting means would be sprockets instead of toothed pulleys.

It is obvious to the person skilled in the art that instead of a toothed belt, the arrester of the elevator car may be a steel rope or some other belt than a toothed belt, e.g. a V-belt, instead of a toothed belt, in which case the arresting means is adapted to the belt thereof.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that instead of a circular stop means, the invention may also be used with some other type of stop means, such as a holder, for example a rope holder, which compressibly holds the catch.