阅读说明：本技术 一种定日镜焦距检测及优化系统 (Heliostat focal length detection and optimization system ) 是由 胡中 白帆 李其衡 施卉平 曾明 张国兴 钟国庆 于 2019-09-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种定日镜焦距检测及优化系统,采用无人机在待测定日镜的反射光线的光路上由远及近,采集镜面反射的光斑图像,将光斑图像发送给图像处理模块处理,经处理后得到的数据发送给数据处理模块计算待测定日镜在有效焦距范围内的最优焦距,定日镜控制模块根据该最优焦距调控姿态,将定日镜反射聚焦点(指向点)均匀分布在吸热器上,使定日镜发挥最优的聚光效果,从而使吸热器上的能量分布均匀,提高发电效率。(The invention discloses a heliostat focal length detection and optimization system, which adopts an unmanned aerial vehicle to collect light spot images reflected by a mirror surface from far to near on a light path of reflected light of a heliostat to be detected, sends the light spot images to an image processing module for processing, sends data obtained after processing to a data processing module to calculate the optimal focal length of the heliostat to be detected in an effective focal length range, and a heliostat control module regulates and controls the posture according to the optimal focal length and uniformly distributes heliostat reflecting focal points (pointing points) on a heat absorber to ensure that the heliostat exerts the optimal light condensation effect, thereby ensuring that the energy distribution on the heat absorber is uniform and improving the power generation efficiency.)

1. A heliostat focal length detection and optimization system, comprising: the system comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle, an image acquisition module, a GPS positioning module, an image processing module, a data processing module, a wireless communication module and a heliostat control module;

the image acquisition module is arranged on the unmanned aerial vehicle and used for acquiring light spot images reflected by the heliostat to be detected;

the GPS positioning module is arranged on the unmanned aerial vehicle and used for detecting the direction and the posture of the unmanned aerial vehicle;

the unmanned aerial vehicle acquires the current position and the current attitude of the unmanned aerial vehicle detected by the GPS positioning module and sends the current position and the attitude to the data processing module through the wireless communication module;

the data processing module is used for acquiring the list of the heliostats to be measured and the postures of the heliostats to be measured, calculating the light paths and the effective focal length ranges of the reflected light rays of the heliostats to be measured at the current moment, and sending the light paths and the effective focal length ranges of the reflected light rays to the unmanned aerial vehicle;

the unmanned aerial vehicle is also used for receiving the light path and the effective focal length range of the reflected light of the heliostat to be tested, which are sent by the data processing module, controlling the image acquisition module to acquire the light spot image reflected by the heliostat to be tested from far to near along the light path, and sending the light spot image to the image processing module;

the image processing module receives and processes the light spot image acquired by the image acquisition module and sends processing data to the data processing module;

the data processing module calculates a focal length detection result of the heliostat to be detected according to the data sent by the image processing module and sends the focal length detection result to the heliostat control module;

and the heliostat control module receives the focal length detection result sent by the data processing module and regulates and controls the posture of the heliostat to be detected according to the focal length detection result.

2. The heliostat focal length detection and optimization system of claim 1, wherein the focal length detection result of the heliostat under test is the optimal focal length of the heliostat under test.

3. The heliostat focal length detection and optimization system of claim 2, wherein the heliostat control module distributes the reflection focal point of the heliostat to be tested to a preset area of an external heat absorber according to the focal length detection result of the heliostat to be tested, so that the heliostat to be tested exerts the optimal light condensation effect.

4. The heliostat focal length detection and optimization system of claim 1, wherein the data processing module calculates the light path of the reflected light of the heliostat to be tested according to the current time sun azimuth and the current attitude of the heliostat to be tested.

5. The heliostat focal length detection and optimization system of claim 1, wherein the data processing module calculates the effective focal length range of the heliostat to be tested according to the coordinates of an external heat absorber and the coordinates of the heliostat to be tested.

6. The heliostat focal length detection and optimization system of claim 1, wherein the heliostat control module is further configured to obtain the attitude of the heliostat to be tested and send the attitude of the heliostat to be tested to the data processing module.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of solar thermal power generation design, and particularly relates to a heliostat focal length detection and optimization system.

Background

In the field of energy, solar energy is increasingly used as a clean renewable energy source, and in the field of solar power generation, two solar power generation modes, namely photovoltaic power generation and thermal power generation, are adopted. With the development of scientific technology, particularly the rise of computer control technology, solar thermal power generation technology is a new solar energy utilization technology behind photovoltaic power generation technology. The solar thermal power generation is to gather the energy of the direct solar light in a focusing way through a large number of reflectors, heat a working medium, generate high-temperature and high-pressure steam and drive a steam turbine to generate power.

The tower type solar thermal power generation adopts a large number of heliostats to gather sunlight on a heat absorber arranged on the top of the tower, and the fluid in the heat absorber is heated to drive a turbine to rotate so as to generate power. The heliostat mirror surface is a concave mirror, sunlight can be reflected and focused to one point on the heat absorber to form light spots, and the plurality of heliostat mirrors in the mirror field can uniformly reflect the light spots to the heat absorber to generate electricity at the maximum efficiency. However, the actual focal length and the design value of the assembled heliostat are different, so that the energy distribution on the heat absorber is uneven, the power generation is unstable, and the efficiency is low.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a heliostat focal length detection and optimization system, which can detect and optimize the focal length of a heliostat, so that the heliostat can exert the optimal light condensation effect, the energy on a heat absorber is uniformly distributed, and the power generation efficiency is improved.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a heliostat focal length detection and optimization system, comprising: the system comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle, an image acquisition module, a GPS positioning module, an image processing module, a data processing module, a wireless communication module and a heliostat control module;

the image acquisition module is arranged on the unmanned aerial vehicle and used for acquiring light spot images reflected by the heliostat to be detected;

the GPS positioning module is arranged on the unmanned aerial vehicle and used for detecting the direction and the posture of the unmanned aerial vehicle;

the unmanned aerial vehicle acquires the current position and the current attitude of the unmanned aerial vehicle detected by the GPS positioning module and sends the current position and the attitude to the data processing module through the wireless communication module;

the data processing module is used for acquiring the list of the heliostats to be measured and the postures of the heliostats to be measured, calculating the light paths and the effective focal length ranges of the reflected light rays of the heliostats to be measured at the current moment, and sending the light paths and the effective focal length ranges of the reflected light rays to the unmanned aerial vehicle;

the unmanned aerial vehicle is also used for receiving the light path and the effective focal length range of the reflected light of the heliostat to be tested, which are sent by the data processing module, controlling the image acquisition module to acquire the light spot image reflected by the heliostat to be tested from far to near along the light path, and sending the light spot image to the image processing module;

the image processing module receives and processes the light spot image acquired by the image acquisition module and sends processing data to the data processing module;

the data processing module calculates a focal length detection result of the heliostat to be detected according to the data sent by the image processing module and sends the focal length detection result to the heliostat control module;

and the heliostat control module receives the focal length detection result sent by the data processing module and regulates and controls the posture of the heliostat to be detected according to the focal length detection result.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the focal length detection result of the heliostat to be detected is the optimal focal length of the heliostat to be detected.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the heliostat control module distributes the reflection focus point of the heliostat to be measured to a preset region of an external heat absorber according to the focal length detection result of the heliostat to be measured, so that the heliostat to be measured exerts an optimal light condensation effect.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the data processing module calculates the light path of the reflected light of the heliostat to be measured according to the sun position at the current moment and the current posture of the heliostat to be measured.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the data processing module calculates an effective focal length range of the heliostat to be measured according to coordinates of an external heat absorber and coordinates of the heliostat to be measured.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the heliostat control module is further configured to acquire the attitude of the heliostat to be measured, and send the attitude of the heliostat to be measured to the data processing module.

Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and positive effects:

1) according to the heliostat focal length detection and optimization system in the embodiment of the invention, the unmanned aerial vehicle is adopted to collect the light spot image reflected by the mirror surface from far to near on the light path of the reflected light of the heliostat to be detected, the light spot image is sent to the image processing module for processing, the processed data is sent to the data processing module to calculate the optimal focal length of the heliostat to be detected in the effective focal length range, the heliostat control module regulates and controls the posture according to the optimal focal length, the heliostat reflecting focal points (pointing points) are uniformly distributed on the heat absorber, so that the heliostat exerts the optimal light condensation effect, the energy distribution on the heat absorber is uniform, and the power generation efficiency is improved.

2) According to the heliostat focal length detection and optimization system in the embodiment of the invention, the actual light-gathering focal length value of the heliostat is detected in real time by utilizing sunlight, and compared with the traditional method that a special light source needs to be additionally arranged and a specific heliostat posture is adopted, the heliostat focal length detection and optimization system is more convenient, faster and more effective; the invention can carry out real-time multi-target detection by a plurality of unmanned aerial vehicles according to the list of the heliostats to be detected, thereby being more efficient; the invention can also judge whether the actual focal length value of the heliostat to be tested meets the design requirement or not, and converts the light condensation efficiency and the energy loss, thereby having complete functions.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a heliostat focal length detection and optimization system in an embodiment of the invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a principle of reflective condensation of a heliostat in a heliostat focal length detection and optimization system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a principle of calculating an effective focal length range of a heliostat in a heliostat focal length detection and optimization system in an embodiment of the invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a distribution range of heat absorber pointing points divided according to focal lengths of a heliostat focal length detection and optimization system in an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a principle of detecting an actual focal length value of a heliostat in the heliostat focal length detection and optimization system in an embodiment of the present invention.

Description of reference numerals:

1: an unmanned aerial vehicle; 2: an image acquisition module; 3: a GPS positioning module; 4: an image processing module; 5: a data processing module; 6: a wireless communication module; 7: a heliostat control module; 8: a heat sink; 9: a heat absorption tower; 10: a heliostat; 11: a spot image.

Detailed Description

The following provides a heliostat focal length detection and optimization system, which is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Advantages and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description and from the claims.

As shown in fig. 1, the heliostat focal length detection and optimization system provided by the present invention includes: unmanned aerial vehicle 1, image acquisition module 2, GPS orientation module 3, image processing module 4, data processing module 5, wireless communication module 6, heliostat control module 7. This image acquisition module 2, GPS orientation module 3, wireless communication module 6 all locate on unmanned aerial vehicle 1.

The image acquisition module 2 is used for acquiring a light spot image 11 reflected by the heliostat 10 to be measured; the GPS positioning module 3 is used for detecting the position and the posture of the unmanned aerial vehicle 1; the image processing module 4 is used for processing the mirror surface light spot image 11 acquired by the image acquisition module 3; the wireless communication module 6 is used for realizing data interaction between the unmanned aerial vehicle 1 and the image processing module 4, the data processing module 5 and the heliostat control module 7; the heliostat control module 7 is used for acquiring and regulating the posture of the heliostat 10 to be measured.

The unmanned aerial vehicle 1 acquires the current position and posture of the unmanned aerial vehicle 1 detected by the GPS positioning module 3 and sends the current position and posture to the data processing module 5 through the wireless communication module 6; the data processing module 5 is configured to obtain a list of the to-be-detected heliostats 10 and postures of the to-be-detected heliostats 10, calculate a light path and an effective focal length range of reflected light of the to-be-detected heliostats 10 at the current moment, and send the light path and the effective focal length range of the reflected light to the unmanned aerial vehicle 1; the unmanned aerial vehicle 1 is also used for receiving the light path and the effective focal length range of the reflected light sent by the data processing module 5, controlling the image acquisition module 2 to acquire a light spot image 11 reflected by the heliostat 10 to be detected from far to near along the light path, and sending the light spot image 11 to the image processing module 4; the image processing module 4 receives and processes the light spot image 11 acquired by the image acquisition module 2, and sends the processing data to the data processing module 5; the data processing module 5 calculates a focal length detection result of the heliostat 10 to be detected according to the data sent by the image processing module 4, and sends the focal length detection result to the heliostat control module 7; the heliostat control module 7 receives the focal length detection result sent by the data processing module 5, and regulates and controls the posture of the heliostat 10 to be measured according to the focal length detection result.

Specifically, the tower type solar thermal power generation adopts a large number of heliostats 10 to concentrate sunlight on a heat absorber 8 arranged at the top end of a heat absorption tower 9, and the fluid inside the heat absorber pushes a turbine to rotate so as to generate power, as shown in fig. 2. The heliostat 10 is a concave mirror, and can reflect sunlight and focus the sunlight to one point on the heat absorber 8 to form light spots, and the plurality of heliostats 10 in the mirror field can uniformly reflect the light spots to the heat absorber 8 to generate electricity with maximum efficiency.

The invention provides a heliostat focal length detection and optimization system for enabling heliostats 10 to uniformly reflect light spots onto a heat absorber 8, and the heliostat focal length detection and optimization system reasonably controls the pointing point of each heliostat 10 by calculating the effective focal length range, the actual focal length value and the light condensation efficiency of the heliostat 10 to be detected, so that each heliostat 10 uniformly reflects the light spots onto the heat absorber 8, and the power generation efficiency is improved.

The principle of calculating the effective focal length range of the heliostat 10 to be measured is as follows:

as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the mirror surface center coordinate of the heliostat 10 to be measured in the mirror field coordinate system is known as P_j(x_j,y_j,z_j) The central coordinate of the heat absorber 8 is P_t(x_t,y_t,z_t) The height of the heat absorber 8 is h, the radius is r, and the effective focal length is the minimum value d_minMaximum value d_maxThe conversion formula of (c) is:

wherein D is the ground projection distance from the heliostat 10 to be measured to the center of the heat absorber 8, and the effective focal length range of the heliostat 10 to be measured is [ D_min,d_max]The meaning is that when the actual focal length of the heliostat 10 is within the range, the optimal light condensation effect of the heliostat can be achieved.

The principle of detecting the actual focal length value of the heliostat 10 to be detected is as follows:

as shown in fig. 5, the unmanned aerial vehicle 1 collects a mirror surface light spot image 11 from far to near on a reflected light path of the heliostat 10, transmits the image to the image processing module 4 to measure and calculate the light spot size and the peak brightness at each distance value, the distance value when the light spot is minimum and the peak brightness is maximum is the actual focal length value of the heliostat 10, if the distance value is outside the effective focal length range, the minimum reflected light spot area of the heliostat 10 in the effective focal length range is calculated, design parameters are compared to determine whether mirror surface type adjustment is needed, if so, the output result of the data processing module 5 is submitted, if not, the optimal focal length value in the effective focal length range and the light condensing efficiency V and the energy loss rate Q relative to the actual focal length value are recorded,

V＝a×((S_m×L_i)/(S_i×L_m))^m×100％

Q＝1-V

wherein S_mAnd L_mThe spot area and the peak brightness corresponding to the actual focal length value, S_iAnd L_iAnd m is a light spot area and peak brightness corresponding to the optimal focal length value, and a is a light condensation efficiency conversion index.

The actual focal length value and the corresponding light-gathering efficiency value of each heliostat 10 obtained by adopting the principle can distribute the pointing points in each area of the heat absorber 8 more reasonably and efficiently, so that the actual energy distribution is more uniform, and the power generation is efficient and stable.

The working process of the heliostat focal length detection and optimization system of the invention is briefly introduced as follows:

starting power supplies of all modules of the system to complete initialization of all the modules; the data processing module 5 reads a list of the heliostats 10 to be detected, acquires the current heliostat field operation condition and the postures of the heliostats 10 through the heliostat control module 7, preferentially selects the heliostats 10 to be detected, and prepares for heliostat focal length detection; when heliostat focal length detection is carried out, the data processing module 5 calculates a reflected light path of the heliostat 10 according to the current sun position and the current posture of the heliostat 10 to be detected, calculates an effective focal length range of the heliostat 10 to be detected according to the coordinates of the heat absorber 8 and the coordinates of the heliostat 10 to be detected, and transmits data to the unmanned aerial vehicle 1 through the wireless communication module 6; initializing the unmanned aerial vehicle 1, and positioning the current position and attitude of the unmanned aerial vehicle 1 through a GPS positioning module 3; then, the unmanned aerial vehicle 1 detects the heliostat 10 to be detected according to the acquired reflected light path and the effective focal length range of the heliostat 10 to be detected, and the specific mode is that data of a specular reflection light spot image 11 are acquired from far to near of the reflected light path and transmitted to the image processing module 4; the image processing module 4 processes the received data of the mirror surface light spot image 11 of the heliostat 10 to be measured to obtain the light spot size and the peak brightness in the image at each acquisition distance, and transmits the light spot size and the peak brightness to the data processing module 5; the data processing module 5 judges the optimal focal length of the heliostat 10 to be measured according to the data acquired by the image processing module 4, and transmits the information to the heliostat control module 7 for heliostat field scheduling.

The heliostat field scheduling specifically means that the heliostat control module 7 distributes the reflection focus points, i.e., pointing points, of each heliostat 10 in an appropriate heat absorber region according to the focal length detection result of each heliostat 10, so as to exert the optimal light condensation effect of the heliostat 10, as shown in fig. 4, the optimal pointing point of the heliostat 10 corresponds to the corresponding region on the heat absorber 8 according to the actual focal length value thereof.

In summary, the heliostat focal length detection and optimization system of the present invention adopts the unmanned aerial vehicle 1 to collect the light spot image 11 reflected by the mirror surface from far to near on the light path of the reflected light of the heliostat 10 to be measured, send the light spot image 11 to the image processing module 4 for processing, send the processed data to the data processing module 5 to calculate the optimal focal length of the heliostat 10 to be measured within the effective focal length range, and the heliostat control module 7 regulates and controls the posture of the heliostat 10 according to the optimal focal length, and uniformly distributes the heliostat reflection focal points (pointing points) on the heat absorber 8, so that the heliostat 10 exerts the optimal light focusing effect, thereby making the energy distribution on the heat absorber 8 uniform, and improving the power generation efficiency.

The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Even if various changes are made to the present invention, it is still within the scope of the present invention if they fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents.