阅读说明：本技术 一种工业废弃碳材料的再利用方法 (Recycling method of industrial waste carbon material ) 是由 高超 黄昊光 彭蠡 于 2019-10-08 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种工业废弃碳材料的再利用方法,属于纳米材料技术领域,该方法通过计算工业废弃碳材料的Cr值：工业废弃碳材料在XPS的C 1s光谱下,sp<Sup>2</Sup>碳含量与sp<Sup>3</Sup>碳含量的比值；依据C<Sub>r</Sub>值的不同,采用电化学法电解工业废弃碳材料,制备石墨烯碳点或石墨烯。该方法解决当前工业废弃碳材料治理困难且会为环境带来污染的问题,同时为低成本高效制备石墨烯及其碳点提供解决方法,采用绿色的电化学方法将工业废弃碳材料,如聚酰亚胺、聚丙烯腈、沥青等,在简单的热处理后,都可以获得sp<Sup>2</Sup>和sp<Sup>3</Sup>碳相间的双连续结构,这种结构可以显著的提高石墨烯碳点和石墨烯的制备效率。(The invention discloses a recycling method of an industrial waste carbon material, belonging to the technical field of nano materials, and the method comprises the steps of calculating Cr value of the industrial waste carbon material, wherein the ratio of sp 2 carbon content to sp 3 carbon content of the industrial waste carbon material under an XPS C1s spectrum, and preparing graphene carbon dots or graphene by electrolyzing the industrial waste carbon material by an electrochemical method according to different C r values.)

1. A recycling method of industrial waste carbon materials is characterized by comprising the steps of firstly calculating a Cr value of the industrial waste carbon materials, wherein the Cr value is the ratio of sp ² carbon content to sp ³ carbon content of the industrial waste carbon materials under an XPS C1s spectrum, and then electrolyzing the industrial waste carbon materials by adopting an electrochemical method according to different C _r values to prepare graphene carbon dots or graphene.

The industrial waste carbon material is used for preparing graphene carbon dots with the yield of less than 40% when C _r is less than 2, is used for preparing graphene carbon dots with the yield of 40% -98% when C _r is more than or equal to 2 and less than 5.06, and is used for preparing graphene with the yield of 60-95% when Cr is more than or equal to 5.06.

2. The recycling method according to claim 1, wherein when the graphene carbon dots are prepared, the electrolyte adopted by the electrochemical method is formed by mixing one or more of ammonium sulfate, sulfuric acid, ammonia water, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate and terephthalic acid according to any proportion, and the electrolytic voltage is 1V-100V.

3. The recycling method according to claim 1, wherein when graphene is prepared, the electrolyte adopted by the electrochemical method is formed by mixing one or more of ammonium sulfate, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, sulfuric acid, sodium phosphate, potassium persulfate and ammonia water according to any proportion, and the electrolytic voltage is 5V-20V.

4. The recycling method according to claim 1, wherein the industrial waste carbon material comprises polyimide, polyacrylonitrile, pitch or their corresponding industrial waste products.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of nano materials, and particularly relates to a recycling method of an industrial waste carbon material.

Background

Carbon materials are becoming indispensable materials in life, and apparatuses such as airplanes, fishing rods, rackets, tripods, mobile phones, computers and the like need to use the carbon materials to conduct electricity and heat or enhance mechanical behaviors. To meet these demands, carbon materials are being produced in large quantities. However, in the production of carbon materials, about 10% of the carbon material is wasted due to the production process and yield, and most of the waste carbon material is disposed of in landfills. And as carbon material products come into life, people enjoy the convenience brought by the carbon materials, and simultaneously, a large amount of carbon material waste products are generated every year. The waste carbon materials are difficult to degrade and melt, and bring certain influence on the ecological environment, so how to treat the waste carbon materials becomes a problem to be solved urgently.

Graphene and carbon dots thereof are hot materials concerned by current scientific research and industrial technology, and have excellent thermal, electrical, mechanical, optical, catalytic and other properties, however, the current graphene and carbon dots are derived from expensive precursors, especially carbon dots, and not only the precursors are expensive, but also the preparation efficiency is low, so that the graphene and carbon dots cannot be prepared on a large scale. Moreover, for graphene, the preparation method usually adopts a strong oxidation strategy of the traditional hummers method, and selects a strong oxidant which is neither clean nor environment-friendly, which has great influence on the environment.

disclosure of Invention

The method adopts a green electrochemical method to prepare the industrial waste carbon materials, such as polyimide, polyacrylonitrile, asphalt and the like, and can obtain a bicontinuous structure between sp ² carbon and sp ³ carbon after simple heat treatment, and the structure can obviously improve the preparation efficiency of the graphene carbon dots and the graphene.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme includes that the method for recycling the industrial waste carbon material comprises the steps of firstly calculating the Cr value of the industrial waste carbon material, wherein the Cr value is the ratio of sp ² carbon content to sp ³ carbon content of the industrial waste carbon material under the XPS C1s spectrum, and then electrolyzing the industrial waste carbon material by adopting an electrochemical method according to different C _r values to prepare a graphene carbon dot or graphene.

The industrial waste carbon material is used for preparing graphene carbon dots with the yield of less than 40% when C _r is less than 2, is used for preparing graphene carbon dots with the yield of 40% -98% when C _r is more than or equal to 2 and less than 5.06, and is used for preparing graphene with the yield of 60-95% when Cr is more than or equal to 5.06.

Further, when the graphene carbon dots are prepared, the electrolyte adopted by the electrochemical method is formed by mixing one or more of ammonium sulfate, sulfuric acid, ammonia water, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate and terephthalic acid according to any proportion, and the electrolytic voltage is 1V-100V.

further, when the graphene is prepared, the electrolyte adopted by the graphene preparation method is formed by mixing one or more of ammonium sulfate, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, sulfuric acid, sodium phosphate, potassium persulfate and ammonia water according to any proportion, and the electrolytic voltage is 5V-20V.

Further, the industrial waste carbon material includes polyimide, polyacrylonitrile, pitch, or their corresponding industrial waste products.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) The problem that the industrial waste carbon material produced in mass production is difficult to treat is solved;

(2) The invention provides a preparation strategy according to C _r selection, provides a thought for reasonably utilizing industrial waste carbon materials and efficiently preparing graphene carbon dots, and selects materials required by graphene preparation, compared with other methods, the industrial waste carbon materials are low in finished products and large in selectable range;

(3) The invention discovers that industrial waste carbon materials (polyimide, polyacrylonitrile and asphalt) and the like can form a sp ² and sp ³ to form a bicontinuous structure in the high-temperature growth process, in addition, in the electrochemical reaction, sp ³ C is easy to oxidize and shear and is finally consumed, so that the high sp ² C content is ensured to be high in yield;

(4) the method converts the industrial waste carbon material into the graphene and the carbon dots thereof by a clean method, thereby saving energy and protecting environment, and reducing the preparation cost of the graphene and the carbon dots thereof.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a TEM image of the carbon dots of the graphene prepared in example 1;

fig. 2 is a TEM image of graphene prepared in example 4.

Detailed Description

The Cr value is calculated by separating peaks of XPS C1s spectrum of industrial waste carbon material, including C-C bond, C-O bond, C-N bond and O-C-O bond, wherein the peak area of C-C bond is sp ² carbon content, the sum of peak areas corresponding to other bonds is sp ³ carbon content, and the Cr value is the ratio of sp ² carbon content to sp ³ carbon content.