阅读说明：本技术 一种利用火电厂锅炉烟气制取活性炭的系统和方法 (system and method for preparing activated carbon by using boiler flue gas of thermal power plant ) 是由 杨豫森 崔华 陈辉 于 2019-08-16 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种利用火电厂锅炉烟气制取活性炭的系统和方法,系统包括炭化炉、活化炉和火电厂的煤储运装置；所述煤储运装置、炭化炉和活化炉依次连通；火电厂的电站锅炉为所述炭化炉和活化炉中的至少一个提供高温烟气,用于作为炭化的热源和活化的活化剂。本发明系统和方法能够利用热电调峰机组的富余的电力、电站锅炉高温烟气,作为生产活性炭高温及活化环境的能量来源,还可以直接利用电厂的煤储运装置和磨煤及制粉装置进行煤的储运和预处理,而且生产过程中产生的废气、废水、废渣,都可以利用火电厂内设施进行处理,不但实现活性炭的节能和清洁化生产,而且可以极大提高火电厂经济效益。(The invention discloses a system and a method for preparing activated carbon by using boiler flue gas of a thermal power plant, wherein the system comprises a carbonization furnace, an activation furnace and a coal storage and transportation device of the thermal power plant; the coal storage and transportation device, the carbonization furnace and the activation furnace are communicated in sequence; and the power station boiler of the thermal power plant provides high-temperature flue gas for at least one of the carbonization furnace and the activation furnace, and is used as a heat source for carbonization and an activating agent for activation. The system and the method can utilize surplus electric power of the thermoelectric peak shaving unit and high-temperature flue gas of a boiler of a power station as energy sources for producing the activated carbon in high temperature and activated environment, can also directly utilize a coal storage and transportation device and a coal grinding and pulverizing device of a power plant to store, transport and pretreat coal, and can utilize facilities in the power plant to treat waste gas, waste water and waste residue generated in the production process, thereby not only realizing energy-saving and clean production of the activated carbon, but also greatly improving the economic benefit of the power plant.)

1. A system for preparing activated carbon by using boiler flue gas of a thermal power plant is characterized by comprising a carbonization furnace, an activation furnace and a coal storage and transportation device of the thermal power plant; the coal storage and transportation device, the carbonization furnace and the activation furnace are communicated in sequence; and the power station boiler of the thermal power plant provides high-temperature flue gas for at least one of the carbonization furnace and the activation furnace, and is used as a heat source for carbonization and an activating agent for activation.

2. the system for producing activated carbon using boiler flue gas of a thermal power plant according to claim 1, wherein the system is provided with a flue gas supply duct and a flue gas exhaust duct; the flue gas supply pipeline is communicated with at least one of a hearth and a smoke exhaust pipeline of the power station boiler of the thermal power plant and is used for conveying the flue gas of the power station boiler of the thermal power plant to at least one of the activation furnace and the carbonization furnace; the flue gas discharge pipeline is communicated with a flue gas treatment device of a thermal power plant and is respectively communicated with at least one of the activation furnace and the carbonization furnace.

3. The system for preparing activated carbon by using the flue gas of the boiler of the thermal power plant as claimed in claim 1, wherein the activation furnace is further provided with a steam input pipe, and at least one of a main steam pipeline of the boiler of the thermal power plant and an extraction steam pipeline of the steam turbine of the thermal power plant is communicated with the steam input pipe and used for inputting at least one of the main steam of the boiler of the thermal power plant and the extraction steam of the steam turbine of the thermal power plant into the activation furnace.

4. The system for preparing activated carbon from boiler flue gas of a thermal power plant according to claim 2, wherein the carbonization furnace is carbonized in a mode that flue gas is not contacted with coal raw material or is contacted with coal raw material.

5. The system for preparing activated carbon by using boiler flue gas of a thermal power plant as claimed in claim 4, wherein a heat exchange tube is arranged in the carbonization furnace for carbonization in a manner that the flue gas does not contact with the coal raw material, one end of the heat exchange tube is communicated with the flue gas supply pipeline, and the other end is communicated with the flue gas discharge pipeline.

6. the system for preparing activated carbon by using boiler flue gas of a thermal power plant as claimed in claim 1, wherein the flue gas supply pipeline is respectively communicated with the hearths or smoke exhaust pipelines of two power plant boilers of the thermal power plant through two branches, a flue gas baffle or a high temperature resistant valve is arranged at the intersection between the flue gas supply pipeline and the two branches, and the flue gas baffle or the high temperature resistant valve is used for blocking a passage between the flue gas supply pipeline and any one of the two branches.

7. The system for preparing activated carbon by utilizing the boiler flue gas of the thermal power plant as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a combustion chamber, wherein a flue gas lead-out pipe of the combustion chamber is communicated with the flue gas supply pipeline.

8. the system for preparing activated carbon by using the flue gas of the boiler of the thermal power plant as claimed in claim 1, wherein a separately arranged carbonization furnace or activation furnace is hung on the top of the hearth of the power station boiler of the thermal power plant, or a carbonization and activation integrated furnace is hung on the top of the hearth, and the high-temperature flue gas in the power station boiler provides a heat source and an activating agent for carbonization for the separately arranged carbonization furnace or activation furnace or carbonization and activation integrated furnace; the carbonization furnace or the activation furnace or the carbonization and activation integrated furnace can directly absorb the radiation heat of the hearth of the power station boiler.

9. The system for preparing activated carbon by utilizing boiler flue gas of a thermal power plant as claimed in claim 1, wherein an electric heating unit is arranged in the carbonization furnace, and a power supply required by the electric heating unit is derived from peak shaving surplus power of the thermal power plant.

10. the system for preparing the activated carbon by utilizing the boiler flue gas of the thermal power plant as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a coal pretreatment device; the coal pretreatment device comprises a coal grinding and pulverizing device of a thermal power plant, the coal grinding and pulverizing device is used for grinding coal raw materials into coal powder, and the coal grinding and pulverizing device is communicated with the carbonization furnace; or, the coal preprocessing device comprises a coal grinding and pulverizing device and a coal forming device of a thermal power plant, the coal grinding and pulverizing device is used for grinding coal raw materials into coal powder, the coal forming device is used for manufacturing the coal powder into formed coal with a set shape, and a material inlet and a material outlet of the coal forming device are respectively communicated with the coal grinding and pulverizing device and the carbonization furnace.

11. A method for performing load peak shaving of a boiler by using the system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the utility boiler uses the extracted high-temperature flue gas to reduce the evaporation capacity of water vapor of the utility boiler, thereby reducing the power generation capacity of a steam turbine generator and realizing the requirement of the thermal power plant for responding to the load reduction of the power grid by peak shaving.

12. A method for using the system of any of claims 1-10, comprising the steps of:

According to the type of the power station boiler, the distribution condition of the flue gas temperature in the hearth and the smoke exhaust pipeline of the power station boiler, selecting the position with the best flue gas flow and temperature as a flue gas extraction point, or directly installing the carbonization furnace or the activation furnace or the carbonization and activation integrated furnace which are separately arranged at the top of the hearth or the position with the best flue gas flow and temperature in the smoke exhaust pipeline of the power station boiler;

Conveying a coal raw material to a coal pretreatment device by a coal storage and transportation device of a thermal power plant, pretreating the coal by the coal pretreatment device according to the specific requirements of an activated carbon product, and preparing the coal into pulverized coal, granular coal or molded coal;

Extracting high-temperature flue gas with optimal temperature and optimal flow from a hearth or a smoke exhaust pipeline of the power station boiler, and introducing the high-temperature flue gas into a carbonization furnace and/or an activation furnace;

Sending the pretreated pulverized coal, granular coal or molded coal into a carbonization furnace, setting the temperature and the carbonization speed in the carbonization furnace according to the technical requirements of the activated carbon product, and carrying out dry distillation and carbonization on the pulverized coal, the granular coal or the molded coal by the carbonization furnace to obtain carbon powder, granular carbon or molded carbon; feeding the coal gas byproduct of the carbonization furnace into a power station boiler for afterburning or a combustion chamber; purifying the tar byproduct of the carbonization furnace, and then sending the tar into a tar storage tank;

Feeding the carbon powder, the granular carbon or the shaped carbon obtained after carbonization into an activation furnace, simultaneously conveying any one of high-temperature flue gas generated by a power station boiler, main steam of the power station boiler and extracted steam of a steam turbine into the activation furnace to be used as an activating agent, and activating the carbon powder, the granular carbon or the shaped carbon in the activation furnace to form activated carbon powder, granular activated carbon or activated shaped carbon;

According to the conditions of the temperature and the flow of the flue gas, when the heat in the carbonization furnace is insufficient or the amount of an activating agent in the activation furnace is insufficient, the coal gas, the fuel gas or the fuel oil is combusted in the combustion chamber, and the generated high-temperature flue gas supplements heat to the carbonization furnace or supplements the activating agent to the activation furnace;

waste gas generated in the coal pretreatment device, the carbonization furnace and the activation furnace is directly introduced into a hearth or a smoke exhaust pipeline of a power station boiler, a smoke treatment device of a thermal power plant is utilized for harmless treatment, and generated waste water, waste liquid and waste residue are subjected to harmless treatment by a treatment facility in the thermal power plant.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of activated carbon processing, in particular to a system and a method for preparing activated carbon by using boiler flue gas of a thermal power plant.

Background

The activated carbon material is amorphous carbon obtained by processing treatment, has a large specific surface area, and has good adsorption capacity on gas, inorganic or organic substances in solution, colloidal particles and the like. The Activated Carbon material mainly includes Activated Carbon (AC), Activated Carbon Fibers (ACF), and the like. The active carbon material is used as an adsorbent with excellent performance mainly due to the unique adsorption surface structure characteristic and surface chemical property. The activated carbon material has stable chemical properties, high mechanical strength, acid resistance, alkali resistance and heat resistance, is insoluble in water and organic solvents, can be recycled, and is widely applied to various fields of chemical industry, environmental protection, food processing, metallurgy, medicine refining, military chemical protection and the like. At present, the modified activated carbon material is widely used in the fields of sewage treatment, air pollution control and the like, and increasingly shows attractive and good prospects in the aspect of environmental pollution treatment.

The activated carbon prepared from brown coal, peat, bituminous coal, anthracite and the like can be in the shapes of columns, granules, powder, honeycombs, spheres and the like, has the characteristics of high strength, high adsorption speed, high adsorption capacity, large specific surface area, developed pore structure, good physicochemical characteristics, controllable pores according to the required size and the like, is mainly used for high-end air purification, waste gas purification, high-purity water treatment, wastewater treatment, sewage treatment, aquarium, desulfurization, water treatment and activated carbon denitration, can effectively remove impurities and pollutants in gas and liquid and separate and purify various gases, and can be widely used for adsorption recovery of various low-boiling-point substances, deodorization, oil removal and the like. However, in the process of carbonization, especially activation, coal requires a large amount of high-temperature steam or flue gas, and flue gas generated in the process of carbonization and activation also needs to be subjected to dust removal, desulfurization and denitration treatment, so that the characteristics of high energy consumption and high pollution exist in the process of producing activated carbon.

In recent years, in the 'three north' region of China, the capacity of the electric power market is rich, peak-adjustable power supplies such as a gas turbine and a pumped storage are scarce, the contradiction between the peak adjustment of a power grid and the flexibility of a thermal power generating unit is prominent, the capacity of the power grid for absorbing new energy such as wind power, photoelectricity, hydropower and nuclear power is insufficient, and the phenomena of wind abandoning, light abandoning, water abandoning and nuclear abandoning are serious. Particularly, the thermoelectric decoupling peak regulation problem of the thermoelectric generator set in winter is more and more prominent.

disclosure of Invention

aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a system and a method for preparing activated carbon by using boiler flue gas of a thermal power plant, which provide energy for high temperature and activation of activated carbon production by using surplus electric power of a thermoelectric peak shaving unit and high-temperature flue gas of a boiler of a power station, realize energy-saving and clean production of the activated carbon and greatly improve the economic benefit of the thermal power plant.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a system for preparing activated carbon by using boiler flue gas of a thermal power plant comprises a carbonization furnace, an activation furnace and a coal storage and transportation device of the thermal power plant; the coal storage and transportation device, the carbonization furnace and the activation furnace are communicated in sequence; and the power station boiler of the thermal power plant provides high-temperature flue gas for at least one of the carbonization furnace and the activation furnace, and is used as a heat source for carbonization and an activating agent for activation.

further, the system is provided with a flue gas supply pipeline and a flue gas discharge pipeline; the flue gas supply pipeline is communicated with at least one of a hearth and a smoke exhaust pipeline of the power station boiler of the thermal power plant and is used for conveying the flue gas of the power station boiler of the thermal power plant to at least one of the activation furnace and the carbonization furnace; the flue gas discharge pipeline is communicated with a flue gas treatment device of a thermal power plant and is respectively communicated with at least one of the activation furnace and the carbonization furnace.

Furthermore, the activation furnace is also provided with a steam input pipe, and at least one of a main steam pipeline of the power station boiler of the thermal power plant and an extraction steam pipeline of the steam turbine is communicated with the steam input pipe and used for inputting at least one of the main steam of the power station boiler of the thermal power plant and the extraction steam of the steam turbine into the activation furnace.

Further, the carbonization furnace adopts any one of modes that the smoke does not contact with the coal raw material or contacts with the coal raw material to carry out carbonization.

Furthermore, a heat exchange tube is arranged in the carbonization furnace for carbonizing in a mode that the smoke does not contact the coal raw material, one end of the heat exchange tube is communicated with the smoke supply pipeline, and the other end of the heat exchange tube is communicated with the smoke discharge pipeline.

Furthermore, the flue gas supply pipeline is respectively communicated with the hearths or the smoke exhaust pipelines of two power station boilers of the thermal power plant through two branches, a flue gas baffle or a high temperature resistant valve is arranged at the intersection between the flue gas supply pipeline and the two branches, and the flue gas baffle or the high temperature resistant valve is used for blocking a passage between the flue gas supply pipeline and any one of the two branches.

Further, the system also comprises a combustion chamber, and a flue gas eduction pipe of the combustion chamber is communicated with the flue gas supply pipeline.

Furthermore, a carbonization furnace or an activation furnace which is arranged in a split mode is hung at the top of a hearth of a power station boiler of the thermal power plant, or a carbonization and activation integrated furnace is hung, high-temperature flue gas in the power station boiler provides a heat source and an activating agent which are needed by carbonization for the carbonization furnace or the activation furnace or the carbonization and activation integrated furnace which are arranged in the split mode, and the carbonization furnace or the activation furnace or the carbonization and activation integrated furnace can also directly absorb radiation heat of the hearth of the power station boiler.

furthermore, an electric heating unit is arranged in the carbonization furnace, and a power supply required by the electric heating unit is supplied with peak-shaving surplus power from a thermal power plant.

Further, the system also comprises a coal pretreatment device; the coal pretreatment device comprises a coal grinding and pulverizing device of a thermal power plant, the coal grinding and pulverizing device is used for grinding coal raw materials into coal powder, and the coal grinding and pulverizing device is communicated with the carbonization furnace; or, the coal preprocessing device comprises a coal grinding and pulverizing device and a coal forming device of a thermal power plant, the coal grinding and pulverizing device is used for grinding coal raw materials into coal powder, the coal forming device is used for manufacturing the coal powder into formed coal with a set shape, and a material inlet and a material outlet of the coal forming device are respectively communicated with the coal grinding and pulverizing device and the carbonization furnace.

The invention also discloses a method for regulating the peak load of the boiler by using the system, wherein the power station boiler reduces the steam evaporation capacity of the power station boiler by using the extracted high-temperature flue gas, so that the power generation capacity of a steam turbine generator is reduced, and the requirement of responding to the peak regulation and load reduction of a power grid of a thermal power plant is met.

The invention also provides a method for utilizing the system, which comprises the following steps:

according to the type of the power station boiler, the distribution condition of the flue gas temperature in the hearth and the smoke exhaust pipeline of the power station boiler, selecting the position with the best flue gas flow and temperature as a flue gas extraction point, or directly installing the carbonization furnace or the activation furnace or the carbonization and activation integrated furnace which are separately arranged at the top of the hearth or the position with the best flue gas flow and temperature in the smoke exhaust pipeline of the power station boiler;

Conveying a coal raw material to a coal pretreatment device by a coal storage and transportation device of a thermal power plant, pretreating the coal by the coal pretreatment device according to the specific requirements of an activated carbon product, and preparing the coal into pulverized coal, granular coal or molded coal;

Extracting high-temperature flue gas with optimal temperature and optimal flow from a hearth or a smoke exhaust pipeline of the power station boiler, and introducing the high-temperature flue gas into a carbonization furnace and/or an activation furnace;

sending the pretreated pulverized coal, granular coal or molded coal into a carbonization furnace, setting the temperature and the carbonization speed in the carbonization furnace according to the technical requirements of the activated carbon product, and carrying out dry distillation and carbonization on the pulverized coal, the granular coal or the molded coal by the carbonization furnace to obtain carbon powder, granular carbon or molded carbon; feeding the coal gas byproduct of the carbonization furnace into a power station boiler for afterburning or a combustion chamber; purifying the tar byproduct of the carbonization furnace, and then sending the tar into a tar storage tank;

Feeding the carbon powder, the granular carbon or the shaped carbon obtained after carbonization into an activation furnace, simultaneously conveying any one of high-temperature flue gas generated by a power station boiler, main steam of the power station boiler and extracted steam of a steam turbine into the activation furnace to be used as an activating agent, and activating the carbon powder, the granular carbon or the shaped carbon in the activation furnace to form activated carbon powder, granular activated carbon or activated shaped carbon;

According to the conditions of the temperature and the flow of the flue gas, when the heat in the carbonization furnace is insufficient or the amount of an activating agent in the activation furnace is insufficient, the coal gas, the fuel gas or the fuel oil is combusted in the combustion chamber, and the generated high-temperature flue gas supplements heat to the carbonization furnace or supplements the activating agent to the activation furnace;

Waste gas generated in the coal pretreatment device, the carbonization furnace and the activation furnace is directly introduced into a hearth or a smoke exhaust pipeline of a power station boiler, a smoke treatment device of a thermal power plant is utilized for harmless treatment, and generated waste water, waste liquid and waste residue are subjected to harmless treatment by a treatment facility in the thermal power plant.

the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. The system and the method of the invention fully utilize the flue gas of the power station boiler of the thermal power plant as the carbonization heat source and the activating agent of the active carbon, efficiently utilize the waste heat of the flue gas and reduce the energy consumption of the production process of the active carbon.

2. The coal raw materials can be pretreated by directly utilizing a coal storage and transportation device and a coal pulverizing device of a thermal power plant, so that the investment of a coal storage, transportation and pulverizing system is saved.

3. The smoke discharged by the carbonization furnace and the activation furnace is directly discharged into a boiler of a thermal power plant, and the smoke is treated by using a boiler smoke treatment system, so that the smoke treatment cost of the conventional carbonization furnace and the conventional activation furnace is reduced.

the system and the method can utilize surplus electric power of the thermoelectric peak shaving unit and high-temperature flue gas of a boiler of a power station as energy sources for producing the activated carbon in high temperature and activated environment, can also directly utilize a coal storage and transportation device and a coal grinding and pulverizing device of a power plant to store, transport and pretreat coal, and can utilize facilities in the power plant to treat waste gas, waste water and waste residue generated in the production process, thereby not only realizing energy-saving and clean production of the activated carbon, but also greatly improving the economic benefit of the power plant.

drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a system according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the connection between a flue gas supply duct and a utility boiler in example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a system according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;

Detailed Description

the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be noted that the present embodiment is based on the technical solution, and the detailed implementation and the specific operation process are provided, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the present embodiment.