阅读说明：本技术 适用于灭火剂的非离子氟碳表面活性剂及其制备方法 (Nonionic fluorocarbon surfactant suitable for fire extinguishing agent and preparation method thereof ) 是由 俞曙 于 2019-09-12 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种适用于灭火剂的非离子氟碳表面活性剂,其特征在于,该氟碳表面活性剂具有一头带氟碳链、另一头带碳氢链、中间为聚氧乙烯链结构的非离子型氟表面活性剂,其结构式为：Rf-(CH2CH2O)n-R,其中,Rf为六氟环氧丙烷三聚体或四聚体、四氟乙烯三聚体或四聚体、六氟丙烯的二聚体或三聚体,R为C8～C18烷基、C8～C16烷基苯磺基,n＝15～35。本发明提供一种适用于灭火剂的非离子氟碳表面活性剂,可以提升灭火剂的覆盖抑制性能,当泡沫喷射至油面上时,在油界面处形成致密的多相复合膜,能够有效阻止易燃液体及油品的挥发,防止火灾再次复燃。(The invention discloses a non-ionic fluorocarbon surfactant suitable for a fire extinguishing agent, which is characterized in that the fluorocarbon surfactant is provided with a non-ionic fluorocarbon surfactant with a fluorocarbon chain at one end and a hydrocarbon chain at the other end and a polyoxyethylene chain structure in the middle, and the structural formula of the surfactant is as follows: rf- (CH2CH2O) n-R, wherein Rf is hexafluoropropylene oxide trimer or tetramer, tetrafluoroethylene trimer or tetramer, hexafluoropropylene dimer or trimer, R is C8-C18 alkyl, C8-C16 alkyl benzene base, and n is 15-35. The invention provides a nonionic fluorocarbon surfactant suitable for a fire extinguishing agent, which can improve the coverage inhibition performance of the fire extinguishing agent, and when foam is sprayed to the oil surface, a compact multiphase composite film is formed at the oil interface, so that the volatilization of flammable liquid and oil can be effectively prevented, and the re-combustion of fire is prevented.)

1. A non-ionic fluorocarbon surfactant suitable for fire extinguishing agent is characterized in that the fluorocarbon surfactant comprises a non-ionic fluorocarbon surfactant with one end provided with a fluorocarbon chain, the other end provided with a hydrocarbon chain and the middle provided with a polyoxyethylene chain structure, and the structural formula of the surfactant is as follows:

Rf-(CH2CH2O)n-R，

Wherein Rf is hexafluoropropylene oxide trimer or tetramer, tetrafluoroethylene trimer or tetramer, hexafluoropropylene dimer or trimer, R is C8-C18 alkyl, C8-C16 alkyl benzene radical, and n is 15-35.

2. A method of preparing a non-ionic fluorocarbon surfactant suitable for use as a fire extinguishing agent as claimed in claim 1 wherein:

a. adding an ether solvent, long-chain alkanol polyoxyethylene ether and an acid binding agent into a dry reaction kettle, and stirring to uniformly mix the materials;

b. Slowly dripping the fluorocarbon monomer, and controlling the dripping speed to keep the temperature in the reaction bottle within a certain temperature range; after the fluorocarbon monomer is dripped, heating to slightly boil, continuing stirring for 5-12 h, adding anhydrous sodium sulfate and other water removing agents, stopping stirring, standing overnight, and filtering;

c. The filtrate was evaporated to dryness and weighed. Adding a certain amount of ethanol, isopropanol or ethylene glycol monobutyl ether aqueous solution according to the mass of the fluorocarbon surfactant to obtain the fluorocarbon surfactant with the mass fraction of 27-30%.

3. the method of claim 2, wherein the non-ionic fluorocarbon surfactant is selected from the group consisting of: the molar ratio of the fluorocarbon monomer to the long-chain alkanol polyoxyethylene ether to the acid-binding agent is 1: 1.05-1.2: 1.05-1.1.

4. the method of claim 2, wherein the non-ionic fluorocarbon surfactant is selected from the group consisting of: the amount of the ether solvent is based on the complete dissolution of the long-chain alkanol polyoxyethylene ether.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fire extinguishing, in particular to a nonionic fluorocarbon surfactant suitable for a fire extinguishing agent and a preparation method thereof.

Background

In recent years, with the rapid development of economic construction and the enhancement of comprehensive strength in China, the petrochemical industry has been developed greatly. The storage tanks for petroleum and chemical products are built more and more. The large-scale tank body and tank area capacity and the centralized storage of a plurality of storage tanks increase the risk of fire, and if the fire happens, the difficulty of putting out the fire is high, the secondary fire and secondary disaster are easy to happen, and serious economic loss and casualties are caused.

the application of the oil product is also wider, and the development of the automobile industry brings material diversification, convenience and rapidness for transportation and trip. But also brings the danger of fire, such as multiple automobile fire accidents, and causes casualties and property loss.

The volatilization of oil products and local high-concentration oil steam are main reasons for re-combustion of oil fire, and how to inhibit the volatilization of the oil products is large enough to reach a crude oil storage tank and small enough to reach an oil supply system of an automobile, so that the method has important significance for preventing the oil fire. Therefore, there is also a need for effective foam coverage after tank fire open fires have been extinguished. If the fire storage tank is re-ignited due to insufficient protection of the foam cover, the previous work is abandoned. However, the conventional fire-fighting foam aims at extinguishing fire, has high liquid separation speed, is easy to defoam, has poor oil volatilization inhibition performance, and is easy to re-ignite.

the invention patent CN201610129840.7 discloses a preparation method of a short fluorocarbon chain (carbon 4) amphoteric-nonionic fluorine surfactant compound system and application thereof in an aqueous film-forming foam extinguishing agent, and the aqueous film-forming foam extinguishing agent constructed on the basis of the amphoteric-nonionic fluorine surfactant compound system has excellent fire extinguishing performance.

CN201810128789.7 discloses a cold-resistant water-soluble film-forming foam extinguishing agent, which is mainly used for preventing and extinguishing alcohol solvent fire, can be normally used at low temperature, does not contain PFOA/PFOS, has good product degradation performance, is fast and safe in degradation, and does not cause environmental pollution.

The fire extinguishing performance of the patent is good, but the fluorocarbon surfactant can only be used as a film forming agent in the fire extinguishing agent, can not well inhibit the volatilization of hot oil, and is easy to cause re-combustion to have defects.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: a nonionic fluorocarbon surfactant suitable for a fire extinguishing agent can improve the coverage inhibition performance of the fire extinguishing agent, and when foam is sprayed to the oil surface, a compact multiphase composite film is formed at the oil interface, so that the volatilization of flammable liquid and oil can be effectively prevented, and the re-combustion of fire is prevented.

the technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the problems is as follows: a non-ionic fluorocarbon surfactant suitable for fire extinguishing agent is characterized in that the fluorocarbon surfactant comprises a non-ionic fluorocarbon surfactant with one end provided with a fluorocarbon chain, the other end provided with a hydrocarbon chain and the middle provided with a polyoxyethylene chain structure, and the structural formula of the surfactant is as follows:

Rf-(CH2CH2O)n-R，

Wherein Rf is hexafluoropropylene oxide trimer or tetramer, tetrafluoroethylene trimer or tetramer, hexafluoropropylene dimer or trimer, R is C8-C18 alkyl, C8-C16 alkyl benzene radical, and n is 15-35.

Another technical scheme adopted by the invention to solve the above problems is as follows: a process for the preparation of a nonionic fluorocarbon surfactant suitable for use as a fire extinguishing agent as claimed in the preceding claim,

a. Adding an ether solvent, long-chain alkanol polyoxyethylene ether and an acid binding agent into a dry reaction kettle, and stirring to uniformly mix the materials;

b. slowly dripping the fluorocarbon monomer, and controlling the dripping speed to keep the temperature in the reaction bottle within a certain temperature range; after the fluorocarbon monomer is dripped, heating to slightly boil, continuing stirring for 5-12 h, adding anhydrous sodium sulfate and other water removing agents, stopping stirring, standing overnight, and filtering;

c. the filtrate was evaporated to dryness and weighed. Adding a certain amount of ethanol, isopropanol or ethylene glycol monobutyl ether aqueous solution according to the mass of the fluorocarbon surfactant to obtain the fluorocarbon surfactant with the mass fraction of 27-30%.

Preferably, the molar ratio of the fluorocarbon monomer, the long-chain alkanol polyoxyethylene ether and the acid-binding agent is 1: 1.05-1.2: 1.05-1.1.

Preferably, the amount of the ether solvent is based on the complete dissolution of the long-chain alkanol polyoxyethylene ether.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the fluorocarbon surfactant is added into the foam fire extinguishing agent, so that the coverage inhibition performance of the fire extinguishing agent can be improved, the molecular structure of the fluorocarbon surfactant has hydrophilic and lipophilic properties and hydrophobic and oleophobic amphiphilic properties, when foam is sprayed to an oil surface, according to a similar compatibility principle, one end of the fluorocarbon surfactant with a hydrocarbon chain enters an oil layer, the middle section with a polyoxyethylene chain enters a water layer, and the fluorocarbon chain hydrophobic and oleophobic is transversely arranged on an oil-water interface, so that a compact film is formed at the oil-water interface, and the volatilization of flammable liquid and oil can be effectively prevented. The fire extinguishing agent not only can quickly extinguish fire, but also can cover inflammable residues after the fire, effectively prevent oil gas and other inflammable liquids from volatilizing, greatly reduce the risk of fire re-ignition, and can be compounded with other types of fluorocarbon surfactants, hydrocarbon surfactants, foam stabilizers, latent solvents, pour point depressants, preservatives and the like to obtain the fire extinguishing agent with high-efficiency evaporation inhibiting performance. Not only can rapidly extinguish A, B, E and F-type fires, but also can be used for foam covering on fire scenes to effectively inhibit volatilization of oil products. The fire extinguishing agent can extinguish and cover liquid fire, and can simultaneously extinguish solid-liquid and electric fires of automobiles and the like quickly and effectively, so that the natural and burning accidents of automobiles can be effectively controlled, and the loss of personnel and property is greatly reduced.

Detailed Description

The patent of the invention is further illustrated by reference to the examples.