阅读说明：本技术 一种黑木耳及食用菌的栽培方法 (Cultivation method of black fungus and edible fungus ) 是由 聂林富 于 2018-06-11 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于农业栽培技术领域,具体是一种黑木耳及食用菌的栽培方法。本发明的栽培方法包括以下步骤：A、原料收集与加工处理；B、原种及栽培种的配制；C、拌料、机械装袋、机械窝口、灭菌与接种；D、环保培养室的处理与立体网格菌丝培养；E、采收与晾晒。本发明方法以林区落地废旧树叶、农作物废弃物玉米芯、豆秸秆等为原料,无需一粒锯末,该原料来源丰富成本低廉,取之不尽。替代了目前黑木耳原料单一靠锯末屑种植,解决了锯末屑原料严重匮乏的状况,保护了森林资源和生态环境。出耳或出菇后的菌糠饲料直接喂牛羊,延续了黑木耳发展产业链。本发明的方法容易加工操作,环保无污染。本发明方法适合在相关技术领域推广使用。(The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method of black fungus and edible fungi. The cultivation method comprises the following steps: A. collecting and processing raw materials; B. preparing stock and cultivated species; C. mixing materials, mechanically bagging, mechanically nesting, sterilizing and inoculating; D. processing in an environment-friendly culture room and culturing the three-dimensional grid hyphae; E. harvesting and airing. The method takes fallen waste leaves, crop wastes such as corncobs and bean straws in forest areas as raw materials, does not need one piece of sawdust, and has the advantages of rich raw material source, low cost and inexhaustible raw materials. Replaces the current situation that the black fungus raw material is singly planted by sawdust, solves the problem of serious shortage of sawdust raw material, and protects forest resources and ecological environment. The fungus chaff feed after the fungus emergence or the fruiting is directly fed to the cattle and sheep, and the black fungus development industrial chain is continued. The method of the invention is easy to process and operate, environment-friendly and pollution-free. The method is suitable for popularization and application in the related technical field.)

1. A cultivation method of black fungus and edible fungus is characterized by comprising the following steps:

A. Collecting and processing raw materials;

B. preparing stock and cultivated species;

C. Mixing materials, mechanically bagging, mechanically nesting, sterilizing and inoculating;

D. processing in an environment-friendly culture room and culturing the three-dimensional grid hyphae;

E. Harvesting and airing.

2. The method for cultivating black fungus and edible fungus according to claim 1, wherein in the step a, the raw materials of broad leaf leaves, corncobs and bean stalks are collected, dried in the sun, and processed and crushed by a hammer mill; screening and filtering the crushed broad-leaved leaves, corncobs and bean straws by a sieve with the hole diameter of 5-6 mm for later use.

3. The method for cultivating black fungus and edible fungus as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step B, the components of the stock seeds and the cultivated species comprise 20-35 parts of leaf powder, 30-50 parts of crushed corncobs, 8-15 parts of bean straws, 2-4 parts of corn flour, 1-3 parts of soybean meal, 0.15 part of salt, 0.2 part of monopotassium phosphate, 0.8 part of gypsum powder, 0.8 part of lime powder and 30-65 parts of water.

4. The method for cultivating black fungus and edible fungus as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the step B, the raw seeds and the cultivated seeds comprise 30 parts of leaf powder, 40 parts of crushed corncobs, 10 parts of bean straws, 2.5 parts of corn flour, 1.5 parts of soybean flour, 0.15 part of salt, 0.2 part of monopotassium phosphate, 0.8 part of gypsum powder, 0.8 part of lime powder and 57 parts of water.

5. the method for cultivating black fungus and edible fungus according to claim 3, wherein in the step B, the stock and cultivated species are prepared by pouring 50 parts of water into the corncobs and adding 0.2 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for soaking for later use;

30 parts of leaf powder, 10 parts of bean straw powder, 2.5 parts of corn flour and 1.5 parts of soybean powder are added into the corncobs and evenly stirred;

and (3) pouring 0.15 part of salt, 0.8 part of gypsum powder and 0.8 part of lime powder into the stirred materials, then pouring 15 parts of water, uniformly stirring, and stacking for half an hour.

6. the method for cultivating black fungus and edible fungus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stirred material in step B is filled into low-pressure polyethylene bags, the bag openings are formed by a mouth-forming machine, and plastic rods are inserted for sealing.

7. A cultivation method of black fungus and edible fungus as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step C, the black fungus and edible fungus are put into a pot for sterilization, the temperature in the steamer is rapidly increased to 100 ℃ within 3-3.5 hours, the temperature is maintained for sterilization for 8-12 hours, the fire is stopped, the pot is continuously stewed for 4-6 hours, then the black fungus and edible fungus are taken out of the pot, and inoculation is started after the temperature in the bag is completely cooled.

8. the method for cultivating black fungus and edible fungus as claimed in claim 7, wherein after 75% alcohol solution is sprayed and sterilized, the ozone generator is turned on to sterilize the inoculating tool and the inoculating chamber for 40 minutes, then the inoculating tool and the inoculating chamber are turned off, after 30 minutes, the inoculating tool and the inoculating chamber are reduced to hypha and oxygen for human health, and solid sawdust stock seeds or liquid strains can be directly transferred to the cultivating bag during inoculating.

9. The cultivation method of black fungus and edible fungus according to claim 1, wherein in the step D, the material bag is moved to a three-dimensional bag placing grid in a cultivation room after the inoculation of the strain, and the room is kept dark; the indoor temperature is kept between 28 and 35 ℃ 5 days before spawn running, and the indoor temperature is reduced to between 24 and 26 ℃ when the spawn is germinated and the feed surface is fully sealed; when the hypha grows to penetrate through the material bag surface, the indoor temperature is reduced to below 22-23 ℃; when the bag is about to be full of hypha, the indoor temperature is controlled at 18-20 ℃, and the opening and the ear cultivation can be carried out after 15-20 days.

10. the cultivation method of black fungus and edible fungus according to claim 1, wherein in step E,

Picking: stopping watering when the diameter of the fresh lug grows to 25-30 mm, naturally drying the lug to be semi-dry, and then harvesting;

And (3) airing: preparing an arched shed with two layers of beds, covering plastic and a sunshade net above the arched shed, spreading the collected and processed fresh agaric on an aired upper layer frame in a thin layer when the weather is sunny and sufficient in sunlight, scattering a layer of wet agaric after the agaric is half-dried, airing the wet agaric to be half-dried, and adding a layer of wet agaric to enable the thickness to reach 80-100 mm; after 2-3 days, the whole clothes can be completely aired and dried.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method of black fungus and edible fungi.

Background

Auricularia auricula is a green health food, can be produced in large scale and applied to medicine synthesis, and contains polysaccharide, protein, fat, calcium, phosphorus, iron, carotene, thiamine, riboflavin, etc. The Auricularia polysaccharide has effects of reducing blood lipid, resisting blood coagulation, resisting thrombi, enhancing organism immunity, resisting radiation, resisting inflammation, and resisting aging. With the increase of the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, the demand for health care products such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases has huge market space, black fungus can play its huge role, and black fungus has the functions of moistening lung and washing intestines and stomach, and is an important health care product for teachers, textile workers and mine workers.

At present, main raw materials for cultivating black fungus and edible fungi at home and abroad still depend on sawdust, with the promotion of the 'Senbao' project of China, trees are prohibited from being felled by the national Send worker system, and the cultivation quantity of black fungus in all parts of the country is increased dramatically, so that the price of the sawdust of the black fungus cultivation raw materials is greatly increased, the supply of raw materials in all parts cannot be guaranteed, and the raw materials of the sawdust are seriously deficient. Generally, every cubic broad-leaved fresh wood can process 2000 jin of sawdust, every cubic dry wood can process 1600 jin of sawdust, and 14000 jin of sawdust is needed for making 1 ten thousand bags of black fungus and edible fungus cultivation species, which is equivalent to cutting 8.75 cubic meters of wood. Only in Danjiang province of peony, 41 hundred million bags of black fungus are produced every year, 3587500 cubic meters of wood are used every year, black fungus and edible fungus main producing areas all over the country develop at such a speed that Qingshan becomes bald and indicates that the people can wait for the day. The black fungus and edible fungus industry can not normally develop because of no sawdust cultivation raw material.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provides a new raw material for cultivating black fungus and edible fungus and a new planting method.

the cultivation method comprises the following steps:

A. collecting and processing raw materials;

B. preparing stock and cultivated species;

C. Mixing materials, mechanically bagging, mechanically nesting, sterilizing and inoculating;

D. Processing in an environment-friendly culture room and culturing the three-dimensional grid hyphae;

E. Harvesting and airing.

Preferably, in the step A, the raw materials of broad leaf leaves, corncobs and bean straws are collected and dried in the sun, and are processed and crushed by a chain hammer type crusher; screening and filtering the crushed broad-leaved leaves, corncobs and bean straws by a sieve with the hole diameter of 5-6 mm for later use.

preferably, in the step B, the original seeds and the cultivated seeds comprise 20-35 parts of leaf powder, 30-50 parts of crushed corncobs, 8-15 parts of bean straws, 2-4 parts of corn flour, 1-3 parts of soybean flour, 0.15 part of salt, 0.2 part of monopotassium phosphate, 0.8 part of gypsum powder, 0.8 part of lime powder and 30-65 parts of water.

In the step B, the original seeds and the cultivated seeds comprise 30 parts of leaf powder, 40 parts of crushed corncobs, 10 parts of bean straws, 2.5 parts of corn flour, 1.5 parts of soybean meal, 0.15 part of salt, 0.2 part of monopotassium phosphate, 0.8 part of gypsum powder, 0.8 part of lime powder and 57 parts of water.

In the step B, the preparation method of the stock seeds and the cultivated seeds comprises the steps of pouring 50 parts of water into the corncobs, and adding 0.2 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for soaking for later use;

30 parts of leaf powder, 10 parts of bean straw powder, 2.5 parts of corn flour and 1.5 parts of soybean powder are added into the corncobs and evenly stirred;

and (3) pouring 0.15 part of salt, 0.8 part of gypsum powder and 0.8 part of lime powder into the stirred materials, then pouring 15 parts of water, uniformly stirring, and stacking for half an hour.

And D, filling the stirred material in the step B into a low-pressure polyethylene bag, nesting the bag opening by using a mouth nesting machine, and inserting a plastic rod for sealing.

preferably, in the step C, the mixture is put into a pot for sterilization, the temperature in the steamer is quickly up to 100 ℃ within 3-3.5 hours, the temperature is kept for sterilization for 8-12 hours, the fire is stopped, the braising pot is continuously stewed for 4-6 hours, then the mixture is taken out of the pot, and inoculation is started after the temperature in the bag is completely cooled.

spraying 75% alcohol solution for sterilization, opening ozone generator to sterilize the inoculation tool and inoculation chamber for 40 min, closing, reducing to form mycelium and oxygen for human health after 30 min, and inoculating with solid sawdust stock or liquid strain.

Preferably, in the step D, after the material bag is inoculated with the strains, the material bag is moved to a three-dimensional bag placing grid in a culture room, and the room is kept dark; the indoor temperature is kept between 28 and 35 ℃ 5 days before spawn running, and the indoor temperature is reduced to between 24 and 26 ℃ when the spawn is germinated and the feed surface is fully sealed; when the hypha grows to penetrate through the material bag surface, the indoor temperature is reduced to below 22-23 ℃; when the bag is about to be full of hypha, the indoor temperature is controlled at 18-20 ℃, and the opening and the ear cultivation can be carried out after 15-20 days.

Preferably, in step E, the first step,

Picking: stopping watering when the diameter of the fresh lug grows to 25-30 mm, naturally drying the lug to be semi-dry, and then harvesting;

and (3) airing: preparing an arched shed with two layers of beds, covering plastic and a sunshade net above the arched shed, spreading the collected and processed fresh agaric on an aired upper layer frame in a thin layer when the weather is sunny and sufficient in sunlight, scattering a layer of wet agaric after the agaric is half-dried, airing the wet agaric to be half-dried, and adding a layer of wet agaric to enable the thickness to reach 80-100 mm; after 2-3 days, the whole clothes can be completely aired and dried.

The method takes fallen waste leaves, crop wastes such as corncobs and bean straws in forest areas as raw materials, does not need one piece of sawdust, and has the advantages of rich raw material source, low cost and inexhaustible raw materials. Replaces the current situation that the black fungus raw material is singly planted by sawdust, solves the problem of serious shortage of sawdust raw material, and protects forest resources and ecological environment. The fungus chaff feed after the fungus emergence or the fruiting is directly fed to the cattle and sheep, and the black fungus development industrial chain is continued. The method of the invention is easy to process and operate, environment-friendly and pollution-free. The method is suitable for popularization and application in the related technical field.

Detailed Description

the present invention will now be described in more detail, wherein preferred embodiments of the invention are shown, it being understood that one skilled in the art may modify the invention herein described while still achieving the advantageous results of the invention. Accordingly, the following description should be construed as broadly as possible to those skilled in the art and not as limiting the invention.

In the interest of clarity, not all features of an actual implementation are described. In the following description, well-known functions or constructions are not described in detail since they would obscure the invention in unnecessary detail. It will of course be appreciated that in the development of any such actual embodiment, numerous implementation-specific details must be set forth in order to achieve the developer's specific goals, such as compliance with system-related and business-related constraints, which will vary from one implementation to another. Moreover, it will be appreciated that such a development effort might be complex and time-consuming, but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking for those of ordinary skill in the art.

The following description is provided to further illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, so that the objects and features of the present invention will be more clearly understood.

the cultivation method comprises the following steps:

A. Collecting and processing raw materials;

B. preparing stock and cultivated species;

C. Mixing materials, mechanically bagging, mechanically nesting, sterilizing and inoculating;

D. processing in an environment-friendly culture room and culturing the three-dimensional grid hyphae;

E. Harvesting and airing.

specifically, in the step A, the raw materials of broad leaf leaves, corncobs and bean straws are collected and dried in the sun, and are processed and crushed by a chain hammer type crusher; screening and filtering the crushed broad-leaved leaves, corncobs and bean straws by a sieve with the hole diameter of 5-6 mm for later use. Wherein, the corncob is sieved to the size of the mung bean grains, and the broadleaf leaves and the bean straws are sieved to be finer as well.

in the step B, the original seeds and the cultivated seeds comprise 20-35 parts of leaf powder, 30-50 parts of crushed corncobs, 8-15 parts of bean straws, 2-4 parts of corn flour, 1-3 parts of soybean flour, 0.15 part of salt, 0.2 part of monopotassium phosphate, 0.8 part of gypsum powder, 0.8 part of lime powder and 30-65 parts of water.

in the step B, the preparation method of the stock seeds and the cultivated seeds comprises the steps of pouring 50 parts of water into the corncobs, and adding 0.2 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for soaking for later use;

30 parts of leaf powder, 10 parts of bean straw powder, 2.5 parts of corn flour and 1.5 parts of soybean powder are added into the corncobs and evenly stirred;

And (3) pouring 0.15 part of salt, 0.8 part of gypsum powder and 0.8 part of lime powder into the stirred materials, then pouring 15 parts of water, uniformly stirring, and stacking for half an hour.

And D, filling the stirred material in the step B into a low-pressure polyethylene bag, nesting the bag opening by using a mouth nesting machine, and inserting a plastic rod for sealing.

specifically, in the step C, the materials are put into a pot for sterilization, the temperature in the steamer is quickly up to 100 ℃ within 3-3.5 hours, the temperature is maintained for sterilization for 8-12 hours, the fire is stopped, the pot is taken out after the stewing is continued for 4-6 hours, and the inoculation is started after the temperature in the bag is completely cooled.

Spraying 75% alcohol solution for sterilization, opening ozone generator to sterilize the inoculation tool and inoculation chamber for 40 min, closing, reducing to form mycelium and oxygen for human health after 30 min, and inoculating with solid sawdust stock or liquid strain.

Specifically, in the step D, the step C,

Specification and construction of a spawn running rack: firstly, erecting a stand column at the position of the culture chamber with the transverse distance of 1.3 meters and the row distance of 1 meter by using a scaffold steel pipe, and respectively screwing and fixing each stand column by using a pinching port on the uppermost surface of each stand column. After all the transverse steel pipes are built and fixed, transversely placing a steel pipe on each steel pipe at intervals of 3 meters, and tightly binding and compacting the steel pipes with each smooth steel pipe by nipping openings. Then, 1 steel pipe 1.5 inches thick is placed on the transverse steel pipe every 30 centimeters and fixed, then a special zipper strip grid is hung in each steel pipe column space, 360 bags can be arranged in each grid in a three-dimensional mode, and each column space is fully hung with the grids for later use.

Treatment of the culture chamber: and (3) preserving heat for 48-72 hours when the indoor temperature rises to 28-35 ℃, then preparing 5% caustic soda solution by using caustic soda, and adding 50 ml of penetrant to completely spray the indoor walls, fungus racks and the ground once. After spraying, installing an ozone generator in every 50 square meters of space for environment-friendly disinfection, continuously preserving heat and sealing doors and windows for 12 hours. After the caustic soda solution is dried, the indoor temperature is continuously increased, every 2 hours of temperature increase, the door and the window are opened for ventilation for half an hour, the indoor wall and the hanging bag bracket are all dried rapidly by repeated operation according to the method, and a layer of lime is scattered around the ground for moisture prevention and impurity prevention.

and (3) grid three-dimensional hypha culture: after the material bag is inoculated with the strains, moving the strains into a three-dimensional bag placing grid in a culture room, and keeping the interior of the culture room dark; the indoor temperature is kept between 28 and 35 ℃ 5 days before spawn running, and the indoor temperature is reduced to between 24 and 26 ℃ when the spawn is germinated and the feed surface is fully sealed; when the hypha grows to penetrate through the material bag surface, the indoor temperature is reduced to below 22-23 ℃; when the bag is about to be full of hypha, the indoor temperature is controlled at 18-20 ℃, and the opening and the ear cultivation can be carried out after 15-20 days.

specifically, in the step E,

harvesting: the harvesting time of the black fungus should be controlled, and immature fungus or mature fungus is not harvested, so that the yield and the quality of the black fungus are not influenced. And (5) marking standard maturity of the agaric, namely cutting all the agaric pieces, stopping watering when the diameter of the fresh agaric pieces reaches 25-30 cm, naturally drying the agaric pieces to be semi-dry or keeping the surface without water to be bright, and harvesting. During collection, the weather forecast is watched, continuous sunny weather is selected, and when the sunlight is sufficient, the black fungus is collected in a centralized and manual manner in a gripping time, so that the phenomena of black fungus ear flowing, rotten and mold pollution and the like caused by continuous rainy days due to weather changes are avoided.

And (3) airing: the collected black fungus has large water content, is forbidden to be stored for a long time, and must be processed and dried in time to avoid rotting and deteriorating. Therefore, the operations are required to be carried out when the agaric is harvested, the fresh agaric is clean and sanitary, and the fungus materials are not carried by the ear roots. And covering plastic and a sunshade net above an arched shed of two layers of beds for airing, spreading a thin layer of collected and processed fresh agaric on an aired upper layer frame when the weather is clear and the sunlight is sufficient, scattering a layer of wet agaric after the agaric is half-dried, airing the wet agaric to be half-dried, and adding a layer of wet agaric to enable the thickness to reach 8-10 cm. And (3) covering a plastic film and a sunshade net on the shed roof under the sunning day, drying in the shade, and moving the upper layer of drying rack to the second layer of drying rack when all the lugs of the upper layer of drying rack are dried to be half-dry. After 2-3 days, the whole clothes can be completely aired and dried.

the main raw materials adopted by the invention are waste leaves falling to the ground in forest areas, crop wastes such as corncobs and bean straws and the like for cultivating high-quality black fungus and edible fungi. The raw materials have wide sources, are convenient to collect, are inexhaustible and have low cost. All the broadleaf forest regions in the whole country can be collected all the year round. The black fungus and the edible fungus are cultivated by adopting the raw materials of leaves, corncobs and bean straws instead of materials, so that huge funds and forest resources can be saved, and the ecological environment is protected. Therefore, the invention of the new technology for bag cultivation of black fungus and edible fungi by using the raw materials such as waste leaves, corncobs, bean straws and the like solves the problem that the edible fungi production in China depends on the shortage of sawdust raw materials, and protects forest resources and ecological balance. The fungus chaff feed after the fungus emergence or the fruiting can be directly fed to cattle and sheep, and the industrial chain of black fungus development is continued.

Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the embodiments. Thus, the present embodiments are not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but are to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the scope of the present invention.