阅读说明：本技术 用于检测火灾并防止变压器***的设备及其方法 (apparatus for detecting fire and preventing explosion of transformer and method thereof ) 是由 V·K·瓦克肖 于 2017-10-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：本公开提供了一种用于检测火灾并防止变压器爆炸的设备。该设备包括至少一个电压变化检测单元和过电流检测单元,用于向至少一个控制单元提供第一输入信号和第二输入信号。另外,在该设备中设置至少一个浪涌检测单元和至少一个快速升压继电器,以向控制单元提供第三输入信号。一个或多个断路器被配置用以向控制单元提供第四输入信号。至少一个控制单元接收第一输入信号、第二输入信号、第三输入信号和第四输入信号中的任何一个,由此产生用于操作泄放阀和放气阀的控制信号。(The present disclosure provides an apparatus for detecting a fire and preventing explosion of a transformer. The apparatus includes at least one voltage variation detecting unit and an overcurrent detecting unit for providing a first input signal and a second input signal to at least one control unit. In addition, at least one surge detection unit and at least one fast boost relay are provided in the device to provide a third input signal to the control unit. The one or more circuit breakers are configured to provide a fourth input signal to the control unit. The at least one control unit receives any one of the first, second, third and fourth input signals, thereby generating control signals for operating the bleed valves and the air bleed valves.)

1. An apparatus (100) for detecting fire and preventing explosion in a transformer (30), the apparatus (100) comprising:

At least one voltage variation detection unit (26a), the voltage variation detection unit (26a) being configured to determine a ratio of an input voltage entering a transformer (30) to an output voltage leaving the transformer (30), wherein the at least one voltage variation detection unit (26a) provides a first input signal to at least one control unit (1) when the ratio of the input voltage to the output voltage exceeds a preset threshold ratio;

An overcurrent detection unit (26b), the overcurrent detection unit (26b) being configured to monitor a load on a transformer (30) to provide a second input signal to the at least one control unit (1) when the load on the transformer (30) exceeds a preset load threshold;

at least one surge detection unit (18) and at least one fast boost relay (RPRR), the at least one surge detection unit (18) and the at least one fast boost relay (RPRR) being configured for detecting oil surges and oil pressure variations within a transformer tank (14) of the transformer (30) for providing a third input signal to the at least one control unit (1) when the oil surges and oil pressure variations in the transformer tank (14) exceed a preset pressure threshold;

One or more circuit breakers (24, 28), the one or more circuit breakers (24, 28) being configured for receiving an input signal from any of the at least one voltage variation detection unit (26a), the overcurrent detection unit (26b), the at least one surge detection unit (18) and the at least one fast step-up relay (RPRR), wherein the one or more circuit breakers (24, 28) provide a fourth input signal to the at least one control unit (1); and

The at least one control unit (1), the at least one control unit (1) receiving any one of the first, second, third and fourth input signals to generate control signals for operating a bleed valve (4) and a purge valve (6),

Wherein the purge valve (6) comprises:

A main gas valve (6a), the main gas valve (6a) being configured with: a primary inlet port (6d), the primary inlet port (6d) being fluidly connected to a gas source (7); and a main outlet port (6 e);

A secondary gas valve (6b), the secondary gas valve (6b) being configured with: a secondary inlet port (6f) in fluid connection with the primary outlet port (6 e); and a secondary outlet port (6g), said secondary outlet port (6g) being fluidly connected with said transformer tank (14) for feeding gas into said transformer tank (14) when said primary gas valve (6a) and said secondary gas valve (6b) are operated by said at least one control unit (1); and

An exhaust port (6h), the exhaust port (6h) configured to exhaust gas leaking from any one of the main gas valve (6a) and the auxiliary gas valve (6b) to the atmosphere when the main gas valve (6a) and the auxiliary gas valve (6b) are in a closed position.

2. the device (100) according to claim 1, wherein the at least one voltage change detection unit (26a) provides a first input signal to the at least one control unit (1) when the ratio of the input voltage to the output voltage exceeds a threshold ratio of 1: 40.

3. The apparatus (100) of claim 1, wherein the one or more circuit breakers (24, 28) block the transformer (30) from receiving the input voltage when the ratio of the input voltage to the output voltage exceeds the preset threshold ratio.

4. the apparatus (100) according to claim 1, wherein the at least one control unit (1) operates the relief valve (4) to relieve oil from the transformer tank (14).

5. The apparatus (100) according to claim 1, wherein the at least one control unit (1) operates the purge valve (6) to inject gas from a gas source (7) into the bottom of the transformer tank (14) for agitating oil (11) to reduce the temperature and oxygen content in the transformer tank (14) to prevent explosion and fire inside the transformer (30).

6. The apparatus (100) of claim 1, wherein the secondary outlet port (6g) of the secondary gas valve (6b) is connected to the transformer tank (14) through a gas flow control valve (6c) and a check valve (37).

7. The apparatus (100) according to claim 1, wherein the gas source (7) is connected to the main inlet port (6d) of the main gas valve (6a) through a pressure regulator (34) to control the pressure of the gas entering the main gas valve (6 a).

8. An apparatus (100) for detecting a fire and preventing an explosion in a transformer (30), the apparatus (100) comprising:

at least one pressure monitoring switch (31), the at least one pressure monitoring switch (31) being configured to detect a pressure of the oil (11) conveyed through the drain pipe (9) so as to provide a first input signal to at least one control unit (1) when the pressure of the oil (11) conveyed through the drain pipe (9) exceeds a preset value,

Wherein the at least one pressure monitoring switch (31) comprises:

At least one pressure switch (31c), said pressure switch (31c) for generating said first signal when the oil pressure in a pressure port (31a) of said pressure monitoring switch (31) exceeds a preset value;

At least one spring-loaded plunger (31e), said spring-loaded plunger (31e) being in contact with said at least one pressure switch (31c) for operating said at least one pressure switch (31 c);

At least one diaphragm (31b), the at least one diaphragm (31b) being attached to the at least one spring-loaded plunger (31e) for operating the at least one spring-loaded plunger (31e) based on the pressure of the oil (11) in the pressure port (31a) and entering the at least one diaphragm (31 b); and

-said pressure port (31a), said pressure port (31a) being connected to a drain (9) for receiving a predetermined amount of oil (11) so as to maintain the pressure of the oil (11) conveyed through said drain (9);

at least one voltage variation detection unit (26a), the at least one voltage variation detection unit (26a) being configured to calculate a ratio of an input voltage entering the transformer (30) to an output voltage leaving the transformer (30), wherein the at least one voltage variation detection unit (26a) sends a second input signal to the at least one control unit (1) when the ratio of the input voltage to the output voltage exceeds a preset threshold ratio;

-an overcurrent detection unit (26b), the overcurrent detection unit (26b) being configured to monitor the load on the transformer (30) such that a third input signal is provided to the at least one control unit (1) when the load on the transformer (30) exceeds a preset load threshold;

At least one surge detection unit (18) and at least one fast step-up relay (RPRR), the at least one surge detection unit (18) and the at least one fast step-up relay (RPRR) being configured for detecting oil surges and oil pressure variations within a transformer tank (14) of the transformer (30) such that a fourth input signal is provided to the at least one control unit (1) when the oil surges and oil pressure variations in the transformer tank (14) exceed a pressure threshold;

One or more circuit breakers (24, 28), the one or more circuit breakers (24, 28) being configured for receiving an input signal from any of the at least one voltage variation detection unit (26a), the overcurrent detection unit (24b), the at least one surge detection unit (18) and the at least one fast step-up relay (RPRR), wherein the one or more circuit breakers (24, 28) provide a fifth input signal to the at least one control unit (1); and is

The at least one control unit (1) receives any one of the first, second, third, fourth and fifth input signals to generate control signals for operating the bleed valve (4) and the purge valve (6)

Wherein the purge valve (6) comprises:

A main gas valve (6a), the main gas valve (6a) being configured with: a primary inlet port (6d), the primary inlet port (6d) being fluidly connected to a gas source (7); and a main outlet port (6 e);

A secondary gas valve (6b), the secondary gas valve (6b) being configured with: a secondary inlet port (6f), the secondary inlet port (6f) being fluidly connected with the primary outlet port (6 e); a secondary outlet port (6f), said secondary outlet port (6f) being fluidly connected with said transformer tank (14) for feeding gas into said transformer tank (14) when said primary gas valve (6a) and said secondary gas valve (6b) are operated by said at least one control unit (1); and

an exhaust port (6g) configured to exhaust gas leaked from any one of the main gas valve (6a) and the auxiliary gas valve (6b) to the atmosphere when the main gas valve (6a) and the auxiliary gas valve (6b) are in a closed position.

9. The apparatus (100) of claim 8, wherein said pressure port (31a) is connected to at least one three-way ball valve (42) to receive oil (11) bypassed from said drain (9).

10. Apparatus (100) according to claim 9, wherein at least one three-way ball valve (42) is connected to at least one two-way ball valve (41) by a first hose (43) to receive oil (11) bypassed from the drain pipe (9).

11. The apparatus (100) according to claim 9, wherein at least one three-way ball valve (42) is connected to the drain pipe (9) by a second hose (44) for conveying the bypassed oil (11) back to the drain pipe (9).

12. The apparatus (100) of claim 8, wherein the predetermined oil pressure level is up to about 7 mwc.

13. The apparatus (100) according to claim 8, comprising a gasket provided between the pressure port (31a) and the at least one diaphragm (31b) for preventing oil leakage.

14. the device (100) according to claim 8, comprising a plurality of support plates (31f) for housing said at least one membrane (31 b).

15. A system (101) for detecting a fire, detecting fluid leakage through a bleed valve (4) arranged in a bleed duct (9) and preventing a fire in a transformer (30), the system (101) comprising:

Fluid leak detection unit (102) comprising:

A fluid collection chamber (3), the fluid collection chamber (3) being fluidly connected downstream of the bleed duct (9) for collecting fluid leaking through the bleed valve (4) in a closed position, wherein the fluid collection chamber (3) comprises:

At least one through hole (38), which at least one through hole (38) is provided on the top side and the bottom side of the fluid collection chamber (3), wherein the area of the at least one through hole (38) around the bottom side of the fluid collection chamber (3) is configured as a fluid collection area (39) to collect leaked fluid;

The bottom side of the fluid collection chamber (3) is connected with a fluid discharge pipe (32), the fluid discharge pipe (32) extends into the fluid collection chamber (3) to a predetermined height via the at least one through hole (38); and

at least one level switch (33), said at least one level switch (33) being located at a predetermined position within said fluid collection chamber (3) to trigger an alarm to indicate a fluid leak when a predetermined amount of fluid is collected in said fluid collection area (39);

At least one pressure monitoring switch (31), said at least one pressure monitoring switch (31) being configured to detect an oil pressure delivered through a drain (9) to provide a first input signal to said at least one control unit (1) when the pressure of the oil delivered through said drain (9) exceeds a preset value, wherein said at least one pressure monitoring switch (31) comprises:

at least one pressure switch (31c), said at least one pressure switch (31c) for generating said first signal when the oil pressure in the pressure port (31a) of said pressure monitoring switch (31) exceeds a preset value;

At least one spring-loaded plunger (31e), said at least one spring-loaded plunger (31e) being in contact with said at least one pressure switch (31c) for operating said at least one pressure switch (31 c);

At least one diaphragm (31b), the at least one diaphragm (31b) being attached to the at least one spring-loaded plunger (31e) for operating the at least one spring-loaded plunger (31e) based on a pressure of oil (11) in the pressure port (31a) and into the at least one diaphragm (31 b); and

Said pressure port (31a) being connected to a drain (9) for receiving a predetermined amount of oil (11) so as to maintain the pressure of the oil (11) conveyed through said drain (9),

At least one voltage variation detection unit (26a), the at least one voltage variation detection unit (26a) being configured to calculate a ratio of an input voltage entering the transformer (30) to an output voltage leaving the transformer (30), wherein the at least one voltage variation detection unit (26a) provides a second input signal to the at least one control unit (1) when the ratio of the input voltage to the output voltage exceeds a preset threshold ratio;

an overcurrent detection unit (26b), the overcurrent detection unit (26b) being configured to monitor the load on the transformer (30) to provide a third input signal to the at least one control unit (1) when the load on the transformer (30) exceeds a preset load threshold;

At least one surge detection unit (18) and at least one fast boost relay (RPRR), the at least one surge detection unit (18) and the at least one fast boost relay (RPRR) being configured for detecting oil surges and oil pressure variations within a transformer tank (14) of the transformer (30) for providing a fourth input signal to the at least one control unit (1) when the oil surges and oil pressure variations in the transformer tank (14) exceed a preset pressure threshold;

one or more circuit breakers (24, 28), the one or more circuit breakers (24, 28) being configured for receiving an input signal from any of the at least one voltage variation detection unit (26a), the overcurrent detection unit (24b), the surge detection unit (18) and the at least one fast step-up relay (RPRR), wherein the one or more circuit breakers (24, 28) provide a fifth input signal to the at least one control unit (1); and is

-the at least one control unit (1) receives any one of the first, second, third, fourth and fifth input signals to generate control signals for operating a bleed valve (4) and a purge valve (6), the purge valve (6) comprising:

a main gas valve (6a), the main gas valve (6a) being configured with: a primary inlet port (6d), the primary inlet port (6d) being fluidly connected to a gas source (7); and a main outlet port (6 e);

A secondary gas valve (6b), the secondary gas valve (6b) being configured with: a secondary inlet port (6f) in fluid connection with the primary outlet port (6 e); and a secondary outlet port (6f), the secondary outlet port (6g) being fluidly connected with the transformer tank (14) for sending gas into the transformer tank (14) when the primary gas valve (6a) and the secondary gas valve (6b) are actuated; and

An exhaust port (6g) configured to exhaust gas leaking from any one of the main gas valve (6a) and the auxiliary gas valve (6b) to the atmosphere when the main gas valve (6a) and the auxiliary gas valve (6b) are in a closed position.

16. A method for detecting a fire, detecting fluid leakage through a bleed valve (4) provided in a bleed duct (9) and preventing explosion of a transformer (30), the method comprising the acts of:

Monitoring the fluid level in a fluid collection chamber (3), wherein at least one level switch (33) located at a predetermined position within the fluid collection chamber (3) is configured to trigger an alarm to indicate a fluid leak when a predetermined level of fluid in a fluid collection area (8) of the fluid collection chamber (3) is detected;

Monitoring the pressure of the oil (11) in the transformer tank (14) conveyed through the drain pipe (9) so as to provide a first input signal to the at least one control unit (11) when the pressure of the oil conveyed through the drain pipe (9) exceeds a preset pressure threshold;

Calculating a ratio of an input voltage to an output voltage and providing a second input signal to at least one control unit (1) when the ratio of the input voltage to the output voltage exceeds a preset threshold ratio;

-providing a third input signal to said at least one control unit (1) when the load on said transformer (30) exceeds a preset load threshold;

-detecting excessive oil surges and oil pressure change rates in a transformer tank (14) of the transformer (30) by at least one surge detection unit (18) and a fast step-up relay (RPRR), respectively, to provide a fourth input signal to the at least one control unit (1);

Providing, by one or more circuit breakers (24), a fifth input signal to at least one control unit (1) when any of the first, second, third and fourth input signals is received by the one or more circuit breakers (24), and

-receiving by the at least one control unit (1) any one of the first, second, third, fourth and fifth input signals for generating control signals for operating a blow-off valve (4) and a blow-off valve (6) for detecting a fire and preventing an explosion of a transformer (30).

Technical Field

The present invention relates to an apparatus and system for detecting fires and preventing explosions in a power transformer system. Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to devices and systems for detecting fires, fluid leaks, and preventing explosions in power transformers.

background

conventionally, electrical systems such as, but not limited to, power transformers (hereinafter transformers) exhibit multifactorial performance losses in the windings and core. This loss in the transformer generates heat. This heat can damage the insulation provided on the windings, resulting in insulation failure. This insulation failure creates an arc that trips the supply relay (circuit breaker) of the transformer through the action of an electrical protection system configured to protect the transformer. The arc breaks down the dielectric oil enclosed in the enclosure of the transformer, releasing hydrogen, acetylene and other by-products in the enclosure. The released gas rapidly increases the pressure within the enclosure, causing a deflagration. The deflagration causes substantial tearing of the mechanical connections (bolts, welds and other mechanical joints) within the enclosure of the transformer. The tearing of the mechanical connection brings the released gas into contact with the oxygen present in the surrounding air. The flammable acetylene ignites immediately when oxygen is present, causing the transformer to burn. The fire in the transformer can spread to other field facilities, causing extensive damage. Fire may also cause the transformer to explode. Generally, transformers explode due to short circuits caused by overload, voltage surges, gradual deterioration of insulation, insufficient oil levels, and failure of insulating components. However, uncontrolled fires may also be the cause of transformer explosions.

To overcome the above limitations, fire protection systems are provided in transformers. These fire protection systems are activated by the combustion of dielectric oil or by fire detectors. However, the operation of these systems has a significant time lag. Therefore, it is necessary to limit the combustion of the facilities and prevent the spread of fire to nearby factories or surrounding facilities.

To slow the combustion of the installation, the decomposition of the dielectric oil is controlled. This is achieved by using silicone oil instead of conventional mineral oil in the housing of the transformer. However, these precautions reduce the pressure build-up in the housing, since the silicone oil decomposes within a few milliseconds. This time interval is not feasible for any precautions to prevent explosion of the transformer.

Prior to this technology, in order to alleviate the above problems, there was a method for preventing, protecting and detecting explosions and resulting fires in transformers. Previous methods include the step of detecting a break in the insulation of the transformer using a pressure sensor. Subsequently, the coolant contained in the housing of the transformer is depressurized using a valve. Pressurized inert gas is injected into the bottom of the enclosure to agitate the coolant and prevent oxygen from entering the enclosure. The injection of pressurized inert gas into the enclosure cools the high temperature portions of the transformer.

in addition, to dissipate the heat generated in the transformer due to winding and core losses, natural or forced convection cooling or quenching means are employed. Conventionally, dielectric oil is used to cool transformers by forced convection. During heat transfer, the oil in the transformer expands due to its thermal capacity. A device for relieving the pressure built up in the housing due to the expansion of the oil is integrated in the transformer. Releasing the pressure build up in the transformer's enclosure inherently prevents the transformer from exploding. This method works satisfactorily and can prevent the outer casing of the transformer from burning and inherently exploding. However, this approach does not provide an indication in advance that corrective action is taken. Moreover, a large number of electrical insulation faults occur in the transformer when corrective measures are taken.

Therefore, in light of the foregoing discussion, there is a need for an apparatus and system for detecting fires and preventing transformer explosion and overcoming the above limitations.

Disclosure of Invention

one or more of the shortcomings of the prior art are overcome and additional advantages are provided through the system and method of the present disclosure. Additional features and advantages are realized through the techniques of the present disclosure. Other embodiments and aspects of the disclosure are described in detail herein and are considered a part of the disclosure.

It should be understood that the aspects and embodiments of the present disclosure described above may be used in any combination with each other. The various aspects and embodiments may be combined together to form further embodiments of the disclosure.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, an apparatus for detecting a fire and preventing an explosion in a transformer is disclosed. The device comprises at least one voltage variation detection unit for determining a ratio of an input voltage entering the transformer and an output voltage leaving the transformer. The at least one voltage change detection unit provides a first input signal to the at least one control unit when a ratio of the input voltage to the output voltage exceeds a preset threshold ratio. An over-current detection unit is provided in the apparatus for monitoring the load on the transformer. The over-current detection unit provides a second input signal to the at least one control unit when the load on the transformer exceeds a preset load threshold. In addition, at least one surge detection unit and at least one fast boost relay are provided in the apparatus to detect oil surges and changes in oil pressure, respectively, within the transformer tank. The third input signal is provided to the at least one control unit when the oil surge and oil pressure change in the transformer tank exceeds a preset pressure threshold. Further, one or more circuit breakers are provided for receiving an input signal from any one of the at least one voltage variation detecting unit, the overcurrent detecting unit, the at least one surge detecting unit, and the at least one fast step-up relay. Upon receiving the input signal, the one or more circuit breakers provide a fourth input signal to the at least one control unit. At least one control unit receives any one of the first, second, third and fourth input signals to generate control signals for operating the bleed valves and the air bleed valves. The purge valve includes a primary gas valve and a secondary gas valve. The primary gas valve is configured with a primary inlet port fluidly connected to a gas source and a primary outlet port. The secondary gas valve is configured with a secondary inlet port fluidly connected to the primary outlet port and a secondary outlet port fluidly connected to the transformer tank to deliver gas into the transformer tank upon actuation of the primary and secondary gas valves. The exhaust port is configured to the secondary gas valve to exhaust gas leaking from any one of the primary gas valve and the secondary gas valve to the atmosphere when the primary gas valve and the secondary gas valve are in the closed position.

In an embodiment, the at least one voltage change detection unit provides the first input signal to the control unit when a ratio of the input voltage to the output voltage exceeds a threshold ratio of 1: 40.

in one embodiment, the one or more circuit breaker blocking transformers receive the input voltage when a ratio of the input voltage to the output voltage exceeds a preset threshold ratio.

In an embodiment, the at least one control unit operates a bleed valve to bleed oil from the transformer tank.

In an embodiment, the at least one control unit operates the purge valve to inject gas from the gas source into the bottom of the transformer tank for agitating the oil to reduce the temperature and oxygen content in the transformer tank, thereby preventing explosions and fires within the transformer.

in one embodiment, the secondary outlet port of the secondary gas valve is connected to the transformer tank through a gas flow control valve and a check valve.

In one embodiment, a gas source is connected to the main inlet port of the main gas valve through a pressure regulator to control the pressure of the gas entering the main gas valve.

In another embodiment, an apparatus for detecting a fire and preventing explosion in a transformer is provided. The apparatus includes at least one pressure monitoring switch configured to detect a pressure of oil delivered through the drain tube. The at least one pressure monitoring switch provides a first input signal to the at least one control unit when the pressure of the oil delivered through the bleed line exceeds a preset value. The at least one Pressure Monitoring Switch (PMS) further includes at least one pressure switch that generates a first signal when oil pressure in a pressure port of the pressure monitoring switch exceeds a preset value. At least one spring-loaded plunger is provided in the PMS, which is in contact with the pressure switch to operate the pressure switch. At least one diaphragm is attached to the spring-loaded plunger for operating the at least one spring-loaded plunger based on a pressure of oil in the pressure port and entering the at least one diaphragm. Also, a pressure port is connected to the drain tube for receiving a predetermined amount of oil to maintain the pressure of the oil delivered through the drain tube. Furthermore, the device comprises at least one voltage variation detection unit for determining a ratio of an input voltage entering the transformer and an output voltage leaving the transformer. The at least one voltage change detection unit provides a second input signal to the at least one control unit when a ratio of the input voltage to the output voltage exceeds a preset threshold ratio. The apparatus is provided with an overcurrent detection unit for monitoring a load of the transformer. The over-current detection unit provides a third input signal to the at least one control unit when the load on the transformer exceeds a preset load threshold. In addition, at least one surge detection unit and at least one fast boost relay are provided in the apparatus to detect oil surges and changes in oil pressure in the transformer tank. The fourth input signal is provided to the at least one control unit when the oil surge and oil pressure change in the transformer tank exceed a preset pressure threshold. Further, one or more circuit breakers are provided in the apparatus for receiving an input signal from any one of the at least one voltage variation detecting unit, the overcurrent detecting unit, the at least one surge detecting unit, and the at least one fast step-up relay. The one or more circuit breakers provide a fifth input signal to the at least one control unit when the input signal is received. At least one control unit receives any one of the first, second, third, fourth and fifth input signals to generate control signals for operating the bleed valves and the air bleed valves. The purge valve includes a primary gas valve and a secondary gas valve. The primary gas valve is configured with a primary inlet port fluidly connected to a gas source and a primary outlet port. The secondary gas valve is configured with a secondary inlet port fluidly connected to the primary outlet port and a secondary outlet port fluidly connected to the transformer tank for delivering gas to the transformer tank when the primary and secondary gas valves are operated by the at least one control unit. The exhaust port is configured to the secondary gas valve to exhaust gas leaking from any one of the primary gas valve and the secondary gas valve to the atmosphere when the primary gas valve and the secondary gas valve are in the closed position.

in one embodiment, the pressure port is connected to at least one three-way ball valve to receive oil bypassed from the drain.

in an embodiment, the at least one three-way ball valve is connected to the at least one two-way ball valve by a first hose for receiving oil bypassed from the drain.

in an embodiment, at least one three-way ball valve is connected to the drain through a second hose for conveying the bypassed oil back to the drain.

in an embodiment, a gasket is provided between the pressure port and the diaphragm for preventing oil leakage.

In an embodiment, a plurality of support plates are provided for the at least one pressure monitoring switch for accommodating at least one diaphragm.

in one embodiment, a system for detecting a fire, detecting fluid leakage through a bleed valve disposed in a bleed tube, and preventing a fire in a transformer is provided. The system includes a fluid leak detection unit for detecting a fluid leak in the bleed duct. The fluid leak detection unit includes a fluid collection chamber fluidly connected downstream of the bleed tube for collecting fluid leaking through the bleed valve in the closed position. The fluid collection chamber includes at least one through hole disposed on a top side and a bottom side of the fluid collection chamber. The area of the at least one through hole surrounding the bottom side of the fluid collection chamber is configured as a fluid collection area to collect leaked fluid. The bottom side of the fluid collection chamber is connected to a fluid discharge tube which extends into the fluid collection chamber via at least one through hole to a predetermined height. In addition, at least one level switch is located at a predetermined location within the fluid collection chamber to trigger an alarm when a predetermined amount of fluid is collected in the fluid collection area to indicate a fluid leak. The apparatus further comprises at least one pressure monitoring switch configured to detect the pressure of the oil delivered through the bleed conduit, thereby providing a first input signal to the at least one control unit when the pressure of the oil delivered through the bleed conduit exceeds a preset value. The at least one Pressure Monitoring Switch (PMS) further comprises at least one pressure switch for generating a first signal when the oil pressure in the pressure port of the at least one pressure monitoring switch exceeds a preset value. At least one spring-loaded plunger is provided in the at least one pressure monitoring switch, the spring-loaded plunger being in contact with the pressure switch to operate the pressure switch. At least one diaphragm is attached to the at least one spring-loaded plunger for operating the at least one spring-loaded plunger based on a pressure of oil in the pressure port and entering the at least one diaphragm. Also, a pressure port is connected to the drain tube to receive a predetermined amount of oil to maintain the pressure of the oil delivered through the drain tube. Furthermore, the device comprises at least one voltage variation detection unit for determining a ratio of an input voltage entering the transformer and an output voltage leaving the transformer. The at least one voltage change detection unit provides a second input signal to the at least one control unit when a ratio of the input voltage to the output voltage exceeds a preset threshold ratio. An overcurrent detection unit for monitoring the load on the transformer is provided in the apparatus. The over-current detection unit provides a third input signal to the at least one control unit when the load on the transformer exceeds a preset load threshold. In addition, at least one surge detection unit and at least one fast boost relay are configured in the apparatus to detect oil surges and changes in oil pressure within the transformer tank. The fourth input signal is provided to the at least one control unit when the oil surge and oil pressure change in the transformer tank exceed a preset pressure threshold. Further, one or more circuit breakers are provided in the apparatus for receiving an input signal from any one of the at least one voltage variation detecting unit, the overcurrent detecting unit, the at least one surge detecting unit, and the at least one fast step-up relay. The one or more circuit breakers provide a fifth input signal to the at least one control unit when receiving the input signal. At least one control unit receives any one of the first, second, third, fourth and fifth input signals to generate control signals for operating the bleed valves and the air bleed valves. The purge valve includes a primary gas valve and a secondary gas valve. The primary gas valve is configured with a primary inlet port fluidly connected to a gas source and a primary outlet port. The secondary gas valve is configured with a secondary inlet port and a secondary outlet port, the secondary inlet port being fluidly connected to the primary outlet port, and the secondary outlet being fluidly connected to the transformer tank for delivering gas into the transformer tank when the primary and secondary gas valves are operated by the at least one control unit. The exhaust port is configured to the secondary gas valve to exhaust gas leaking from any one of the primary gas valve and the secondary gas valve to the atmosphere when the primary gas valve and the secondary gas valve are in the closed position.

In another embodiment, a method for detecting a fire, detecting fluid leakage through a bleed valve disposed in a bleed tube, and preventing an explosion of a transformer is disclosed. The method includes the act of monitoring a fluid level in a fluid collection chamber, wherein at least one level switch located at a predetermined location within the fluid collection chamber is configured to trigger an alarm to indicate a fluid leak upon detection of a predetermined fluid level in a fluid collection region of the fluid collection chamber. The pressure of the oil in the transformer tank conveyed through the bleed line is monitored by at least one pressure monitoring switch, so that a first input signal is provided to at least one control unit when the oil pressure of the oil conveyed through the bleed line exceeds a preset value. Further, a ratio between the input voltage and the output voltage is calculated, and a second input signal is provided to the at least one control unit when the ratio of the input voltage to the output voltage exceeds a preset threshold ratio. The third input signal is provided to the at least one control unit when the load on the transformer exceeds a preset load threshold. The fourth input signal is provided to the at least one control unit by monitoring excess oil surge and rate of change of oil pressure in a transformer tank of the transformer via at least one surge detection unit and a fast boost relay (RPRR), respectively. Further, a fifth input signal is provided by the one or more circuit breakers to the at least one control unit when the one or more circuit breakers receive any of the first input signal, the second input signal, the third input signal, and the fourth input signal. Finally, the at least one control unit generates the control signal when any one of the first input signal, the second input signal, the third input signal, the fourth input signal, and the fifth input signal is received by the at least one control unit. The control signal operates the bleed valve and the air release valve, thereby detecting a fire and preventing explosion of the transformer.

The foregoing summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be in any way limiting. In addition to the illustrative aspects, embodiments, and features described above, further aspects, embodiments, and features will become apparent by reference to the drawings and the following detailed description.

Drawings

The novel features and characteristics of the present disclosure are set forth in the appended description. The embodiments of the disclosure itself, however, as well as a preferred mode of use, further objectives and advantages thereof, will best be understood by reference to the following detailed description of an illustrative embodiment when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. One or more embodiments will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 illustrates an apparatus for detecting a fire and preventing explosion of a transformer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

fig. 2 shows a purge valve of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the disclosure.

Figure 3 illustrates a purge valve connected to a gas source according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

fig. 4 illustrates a pressure monitoring switch of a device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

fig. 5 shows a configuration of a valve in a pressure monitoring switch according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

fig. 6 illustrates the assembly of a pressure monitoring switch in an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 7 illustrates a system for detecting a fire, detecting fluid leakage through a drainpipe, and preventing explosion of a transformer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

fig. 8a shows a perspective view of a fluid leak detection device assembled in a system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

fig. 8b illustrates a front view of a fluid leak detection device, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that any block diagrams herein represent conceptual views of illustrative systems embodying the principles of the subject matter.

The figures depict embodiments of the present disclosure for purposes of illustration only. One skilled in the art will readily recognize from the following description that alternative embodiments of the system illustrated herein may be employed without departing from the principles of the present disclosure described herein.

Detailed Description

while embodiments of the disclosure are susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof have been shown by way of example in the drawings and will herein be described in detail. It should be understood, however, that there is no intention to limit the disclosure to the specific forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the disclosure is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the scope of the disclosure.

it is noted that those skilled in the art will be motivated by and modify the apparatus and system for detecting fires and preventing transformer explosions from the present disclosure. However, such modifications should be construed as being within the scope of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the drawings show only those specific details that are pertinent to understanding the embodiments of the present disclosure so as not to obscure the disclosure with details that will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of the description herein.

As used in this disclosure, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a method, system, or assembly that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such system or assembly or apparatus. In other words, one or more elements of a system that "comprises" or "comprises" does not preclude the presence of other or additional elements in the system or device, without further limitation.

To overcome the limitations mentioned in the background of the present disclosure, an apparatus for detecting a fire and preventing explosion in a transformer is disclosed. The device comprises at least one voltage variation detection unit for determining a ratio of an input voltage entering the transformer and an output voltage leaving the transformer. At least one voltage change detecting unit detects a ratio of an input voltage to an output voltage at a preset threshold ratio. The at least one voltage change detection unit is configured to provide a first input signal to the at least one control unit when a ratio of the input voltage to the output voltage exceeds a preset threshold ratio. In an embodiment, the at least one voltage change detection unit provides the first input signal when a ratio of the input voltage to the output voltage exceeds a 1:40 threshold ratio.

An over-current detection unit is provided for the device to monitor the load on the transformer. In an embodiment, the overcurrent detecting unit may be an overcurrent relay. In one embodiment, the over-current detection unit compares the difference between the current entering the transformer and the current leaving the transformer. Providing a second input signal to the at least one control unit if the difference is greater than the preset load threshold.

At least one surge detection unit and at least one rapid boost relay (RRRR) are provided in the apparatus to detect oil surges and oil pressure changes in a transformer tank of a transformer. And triggering at least one surge detection unit when the oil surge exceeds a preset pressure threshold value. When the oil pressure change in the transformer tank exceeds a preset pressure threshold, at least one rapid boost relay is triggered. The at least one surge detection unit and the at least one fast boost relay provide a third input signal to the at least one control unit when simultaneously triggered.

Further, one or more circuit breakers are provided in the apparatus, and the circuit breakers are configured to receive an input signal from any one of the at least one voltage change detecting unit, the overcurrent detecting unit, the at least one surge detecting unit, and the at least one fast step-up relay. The one or more circuit breakers provide a fourth input signal to the at least one control unit when an input signal is received from either component.

When receiving any one of the first, second, third and fourth input signals, the at least one control unit is configured to generate control signals to simultaneously operate the bleed valve and the purge valve. The bleed valve is configured to bleed oil from the transformer tank when a control signal is received from the at least one control unit. At the same time, a purge valve connected to the gas source is operated by at least one control unit to release gas from the bottom of the transformer tank. Supplying gas from the bottom of the transformer tank lowers the oil temperature and thus prevents ignition and explosion of the transformer.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the apparatus further comprises a pressure monitoring switch disposed on the bleed duct of the transformer. The pressure monitoring switch is configured to monitor a pressure of oil discharged from a discharge tube of the transformer. The pressure monitoring switches comprise at least one pressure switch which generates an input signal to the at least one control unit when the pressure of the oil discharged from the transformer tank exceeds a preset value. In one embodiment, the preset value of pressure is 7mwc (meters water column). At least one pressure switch is in contact with the at least one spring-loaded plunger to operate the at least one pressure switch. At least one spring-loaded plunger is in turn interconnected with at least one diaphragm. The at least one diaphragm receives oil from the transformer tank and, based on the pressure of the oil, the at least one diaphragm expands, which in turn operates the at least one spring-loaded plunger. The at least one spring-loaded plunger further operates the at least one pressure switch to provide an input signal to the at least one control unit. Thus, the pressure monitoring switch provides a first input signal to the at least one control unit when the pressure of the oil draining from the drain exceeds a preset value.

When the pressure monitoring switch provides the first input signal to the at least one control unit, the at least one voltage change detection unit, the overcurrent detection unit, the at least one surge detection unit, and the one or more circuit breakers provide the second input signal, the third input signal, the fourth input signal, and the fifth input signal, respectively, to the at least one control unit.

in another embodiment of the present disclosure, a system for detecting a fire, detecting fluid leakage through a relief valve, and preventing a fire in a transformer is disclosed. The system includes the apparatus for detecting a fire and preventing explosion of the transformer as described above, and a fluid leakage detecting unit. The fluid leakage detecting unit is configured to detect fluid leakage in a fluid discharge pipe that leads oil out of the transformer tank. The fluid leak detection unit includes a fluid collection chamber fluidly connected downstream of the bleed tube. The fluid collection chamber is configured to collect fluid that leaks through the bleed valve when the bleed valve is in the closed position. The fluid collection chamber further comprises at least one through hole at the top side and the bottom side. A fluid discharge tube is mounted to the underside of the fluid collection chamber to extend into the fluid collection chamber to a predetermined height. This configuration enables the area surrounding the at least one through hole to serve as a fluid collection area for collecting fluid leaking from the relief valve. At least one level switch is disposed in the fluid collection chamber at a predetermined location. The at least one level switch is configured to trigger an alarm when a predetermined amount of fluid is collected in the fluid collection area.

The following paragraphs describe the present disclosure with reference to fig. 1-8 b. In the drawings, the same elements or elements having the same function are denoted by the same reference numerals. In exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the figures illustrate aspects involved in an apparatus and system for detecting a fire and preventing explosion of a transformer.

fig. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of an apparatus (100) for detecting a fire and preventing explosion of a transformer (30). The device (100) is configured to generate a control signal to operate a purge valve (6) for releasing gas from a gas source (7) into a transformer tank (14) of a transformer (30) when a fire in the transformer (30) is detected.

The device (100) comprises a transformer (30) having a transformer tank (14) on which a high-voltage conductor (22) and a low-voltage conductor (23) are provided. The high voltage conductor (22) and the low voltage conductor (23) are configured to conduct current and voltage into and out of the transformer (30) for step-up or step-down operation. In one embodiment, the high voltage conductor (22) carries an input current and the low voltage conductor (23) carries an output current. The high-voltage conductor (22) and the low-voltage conductor (23) are connected to a high-voltage transformer sleeve (15) and a low-voltage transformer bushing (16) (hereinafter also referred to as transformer bushings), respectively. The transformer bushings (15 and 16) are insulating means which allow voltage and/or current to be conducted through the walls of the transformer (30).

In addition, the transformer tank (14) is filled with oil (11). The oil (11) in the transformer tank (14) serves as a coolant to dissipate heat generated during the working cycle of the transformer (30). The oil (11) is selected to have properties such as, but not limited to, dielectric/electrical insulating properties, high heat capacity and low viscosity properties. In the exemplary embodiment, the oil (11) is preferably a dielectric combustible coolant fluid. The transformer (30) is connected to a transformer conservator (21) which is in fluid communication with the transformer tank (14) by a tube or conduit (19). The transformer conservator (21) is used as a surge tank (surge tank) to counteract oil pressure changes in the transformer tank (14). The tube or conduit (19) is provided with a power transformer conservator isolation valve (ETCEV) (20) (referred to herein as ETCEV). The ETCEV (20) is configured to block passage in the tube or conduit (19) upon detection of rapid movement of oil (11) from the transformer conservator (21) to the transformer tank (14). This inherently indicates a sudden pressure increase or pressure decrease of the oil (11) inside the transformer tank (14). A signal box (10) interconnects the control unit (1) and the ETCI valve (20) to enable operation of the ETCI valve (20) by the control unit (1).

A differential current and voltage sensing relay (26) is provided in the apparatus (100) for measuring differential current and voltage between the input high voltage conductor (22) and the output low voltage conductor (23). The differential current and voltage sensing relay (26) includes at least one voltage change detecting unit (26a) (hereinafter referred to as a voltage change detecting unit) and an overcurrent detecting unit (26b) to monitor a voltage and a current of the transformer (30), respectively. The differential current and voltage sensing relay (26), the voltage change detection unit (26a) and the overcurrent detection unit (26b) are interconnected with at least one control unit (1) (hereinafter referred to as control unit) of the transformer (30). The voltage change detection unit (26a) is configured to determine a ratio of an input voltage entering the transformer (30) to an output voltage leaving the transformer (30). The ratio determined by the voltage change detection unit (26a) is compared with a preset threshold ratio. The preset ratio value is stored in a control unit (1) of the transformer (30). In one embodiment, the ratio is preset at 1:40 for the step-up transformer. The voltage change detection unit (26a) is configured to provide a first input signal to the control unit (1) when the ratio of the input voltage to the output voltage exceeds a preset threshold ratio.

the overcurrent detection unit (26b) is configured to monitor a load on the transformer (30). In one embodiment, the load is determined by calculating the difference between the input current and the output current of the transformer (30). In another embodiment, the load is determined by calculating the ratio of the input current to the output current of the transformer (30). The load on the transformer (30) calculated by the overcurrent detection unit (26b) is compared with a preset value. The preset load value is stored in the control unit (1). In one embodiment, a preset value of the load on the transformer (30) is selected as desired. The overcurrent detection unit (26b) is configured to provide a second input signal to the control unit (1) when the load on the transformer (30) exceeds a preset load threshold.

in one embodiment, the voltage change detecting unit (26a) and the overcurrent detecting unit (26b) are preferably relays.

In an exemplary embodiment, a differential current and voltage sensing relay (26) monitors input and output signals (voltage and current) of a transformer (30) to provide first and second input signals to a control unit (1). When the voltage variation exceeds a preset threshold ratio, a first input signal is provided to the control unit (1). When the load variation exceeds a preset load threshold, a second input signal is provided to the control unit (1).

in another embodiment, a differential current and voltage sensing relay (26) trips or breaks a connection between input or output terminals of a transformer (30) when a voltage or current change exceeds a preset limit.

The device (100) further comprises at least one surge detection unit (18) (hereinafter surge detection unit) and at least one fast step-up relay (RPRR) (hereinafter fast step-up relay). A surge detection unit (18) is assembled in the pipe or conduit (19) for sensing oil surges in the transformer tank (14). Oil surges are sensed by monitoring the oil level from the transformer tank (14) to the transformer conservator (21). In one embodiment, the surge detection unit (18) is a Buchholz relay. A rapid boost relay (RPRR) (not shown) detects a change in oil pressure within the transformer tank (14) based on an oil surge occurring in the transformer tank (14). The oil gush and oil pressure variations are compared with preset values stored in the control unit (1). The surge detection unit (18) and the rapid boost relay (RPRR) together provide a third input signal to the control unit (1) when the oil surge and oil pressure change exceed a preset pressure threshold. A fire detector (17) is disposed on the transformer tank (14) to detect combustion of the transformer (30).

In one embodiment, the surge detection unit (18) trips or breaks the connection between the input or output terminals of the transformer (30) when the oil surge exceeds a preset surge threshold.

The device (100) further comprises one or more circuit breakers (24, 28) interconnected with the voltage variation detection unit (26a), the overcurrent detection unit (26b), the surge detection unit (18) and the fast step-up relay (RPRR). One or more circuit breakers (24, 28) receive an input signal from any one of a voltage change detection unit (26a), an overcurrent detection unit (26b), a surge detection unit (18), and a rapid boost relay (RPRR). The one or more circuit breakers (24, 28) are configured to provide a fourth input signal to the control unit (1) when receiving an input signal from any one of the voltage change detecting unit (26a), the overcurrent detecting unit (26b), the surge detecting unit (18), and the fast boost relay (RPRR). One or more circuit breakers (24, 28) trip or break a connection between an input terminal or an output terminal of a transformer (30) when an input signal is received from any one of a voltage change detecting unit (26a), an overcurrent detecting unit (26b), a surge detecting unit (18), and a rapid boost relay (RPRR).

In one embodiment, one or more circuit breakers (24, 28) receive an input signal from a voltage change detection unit (26a) when a voltage change in a transformer (30) exceeds a preset threshold ratio. Upon receiving an input signal from the voltage change detection unit (26a), the one or more circuit breakers (24, 28) provide a fourth input signal to the control unit (1).

In another embodiment, one or more circuit breakers (24, 28) receive an input signal from an overcurrent detection unit (26b) when a load change in a transformer (30) exceeds a preset load threshold. Upon receiving an input signal from the overcurrent detecting unit (26b), the one or more circuit breakers (24, 28) provide a fourth input signal to the control unit (1).

in another embodiment, one or more circuit breakers (24, 28) receive an input signal from a surge detection unit (18) when a surge of oil in the transformer tank (14) exceeds a preset surge limit. Upon receiving an input signal from the surge detection unit (18), the one or more circuit breakers (24, 28) provide a fourth input signal to the control unit (1).

In another embodiment, one or more circuit breakers (24, 28) receive an input signal from a fast boost relay (RPRR) when a change in oil pressure in the transformer tank (14) exceeds a preset limit. The one or more circuit breakers (24, 28) provide a fourth input signal to the control unit (1) when receiving the input signal from the fast boost relay (RPRR).

In an embodiment, one or more circuit breakers (24, 28) receive input signals from a combination of a voltage change detection unit (26a), an overcurrent detection unit (26b), a surge detection unit (18), and a fast boost relay (RPRR). Upon receiving the input signal, the one or more relays (24, 28) provide a fourth input signal to the control unit (1).

In an embodiment, the one or more circuit breakers (24, 28) provide a fourth input signal to the control unit (1) when receiving any one of the first, second and third input signals, individually or in combination, from the voltage change detecting unit (26a), the overcurrent detecting unit (26b), the surge detecting unit (18) and the fast step-up relay (RPRR), respectively.

The apparatus (100) further comprises a discharge pipe (9) connected at one end to the transformer tank (14) and at the other end to the oil sump (8). The drain pipe (9) is configured to lead oil drained from the transformer tank (14) to the oil sump (8). In an embodiment, the drain tube (9) may be connected at any position, which enables the drain tube (9) to lead oil (11) out of the transformer tank (14). In an exemplary embodiment, the tapping line (9) is connected at the top of the transformer tank (14). In another embodiment, the pump (not shown in the figures) is configured with a drain (9) to enable draining of the oil (11) stored in the transformer tank (14).

The relief valve (4) is configured to a relief pipe (9). The relief valve (4) allows the extraction of oil (11). The relief valve (4) is operated based on a control signal received from the control unit (1). In one embodiment, the relief valve (4) is selected from the group such as, but not limited to, a ball valve, a butterfly valve, and a solenoid valve. In an exemplary embodiment, the relief valve (4) is a solenoid valve. The relief valve (4) comprises a lifting magnet (5) which is displaced from its rest position (not shown in the figures) upon receipt of a control signal. Displacing the lifting magnet from the rest position will open a passage in the drain tube (9), allowing oil (11) to flow from the transformer tank (14) to the oil sump (8).

In one embodiment, the transformer tank (14) is placed on the ground (12) and the wheels of the transformer (13) are in contact with the ground (12).

Furthermore, the device (100) comprises a conduit (45) which is fluidly connected at one end to a gas source (7) arranged in a fire extinguishing chamber of the device (100) and at the other end to a transformer tank (14). The conduit (45) is configured to direct gas from the gas source (7) to the transformer tank (14). In an embodiment, the conduit (45) is arranged such that it will enable gas introduced to the transformer tank (14) to agitate the contents within the transformer tank (14). The conduit (45) and the bleed duct (9) are spaced apart at a predetermined head or height so that gas entering the transformer tank (14) does not immediately exit the transformer tank (14). In an exemplary embodiment, the conduit (45) and the bleed duct (9) are arranged on opposite parts of the transformer tank (14), i.e. on the bottom and the top, respectively. This exemplary configuration of the conduit (45) and the drain tube (9) enables the draining of oil (11) from the transformer tank (14) and also allows the filling of gas at the same time. The gas is selected such that it includes properties such as, but not limited to, inertness/dielectricity and high heat capacity properties. In an exemplary embodiment, the gas is nitrogen. The gas introduced to the transformer tank (14) lowers the temperature of the oil (11) and also lowers the oxygen content in the transformer tank (14), thereby preventing explosion of the transformer (30). The gas also prevents any damage or rupture to the transformer tank (14) due to heating by forming a gas layer or gas enclosure in the area of the rupture or damage.

As shown in fig. 2, a purge valve (6) is provided in the conduit (45) for directing gas from the gas source (7) to the transformer tank (14) upon receipt of a control signal from the control unit (1). The purge valve (6) includes a main gas valve (6a) and an auxiliary gas valve (6b) connected in series. The primary gas valve (6a) comprises an inlet port (6d) connected to a gas source (7) and an outlet port (6e) connected to an inlet port (6f) of the secondary valve (6 b). The outlet port (6g) of the secondary gas valve (6b) is connected to the transformer tank (14). This structure of the main gas valve (6a) and the sub gas valve (6b) detects gas leakage and discharges the leaked gas to the atmosphere. When the primary gas valve (6b) is in a closed state, the primary gas valve (6a) holds the gas and prevents it from reaching the inlet port (6f) of the secondary gas valve (6 b). When the main gas valve (6a) is opened, gas is supplied to the sub gas valve (6 b). If the secondary valve is also open, the gas is led to the transformer tank (14). However, during operation, both the primary gas valve (6a) and the secondary gas valve (6b) are operated simultaneously with the common operating means in the gas release unit (6). In one embodiment, the primary gas valve (6b) and the secondary gas valve (6b) are selected from the group such as, but not limited to, ball valves and spring-loaded valves.

in an exemplary arrangement, the main gas valve (6a) comprises at least one spring-loaded plunger (not shown) for releasing gas from the inlet port (6d) to the outlet port (6 e). The secondary gas valve (6b) comprises: at least one spring-loaded plunger for releasing gas from the inlet port (6f) to the outlet port (6 g); and at least one exhaust port (6h) for exhausting the leaked gas. The spring loaded plunger in the secondary gas valve (6b) works by closing the outlet port (6g) or the exhaust port (6 h). The exhaust port (6h) is another outlet port of the secondary gas valve (6b) for discharging the leaked gas. Thus, the secondary gas valve (6b) in a fixed position does not allow gas to flow to the transformer tank (14), but instead delivers the leaked gas to the exhaust port (6h), thereby releasing the gas to the atmosphere. In order to open the outlet port (6h), an external force needs to be exerted on the secondary spring-loaded plunger of the secondary gas valve (6 b). The external force is applied by an electromechanical device which operates only after receiving all operating signals from the at least one control unit (1). In one embodiment, if gas is sent to the transformer (30) while the spring-loaded plungers of the primary gas valve (6a) and the secondary gas valve (6b) are both held in a depressed state, a gas leak is detected by the secondary gas valve (6 b). In another embodiment, if gas is sent to the transformer (30) when the spring-loaded plungers of the primary gas valve (6a) and the secondary gas valve (6b) are both in a released state, the secondary gas valve (6b) supplies gas to the transformer (30) through the check valve (37).

A pressure regulator (34) (shown in fig. 3) is configured to the gas source (7) to monitor the pressure of the gas sent to the transformer tank (14). A pressure regulator (34) is provided with: at least one contact pressure gauge (34a) for measuring the gas pressure in the gas source (7); and at least one pressure gauge (34b) for measuring the input pressure of the gas sent to the transformer tank (14). The pressure regulator (34) is further accompanied by a pressure setting knob (34d) that can be operated by an operator to change the pressure level of the gas sent into the main gas valve (6 a). If the input pressure of the delivered gas exceeds a predetermined gas injection pressure, the pressure is reduced using a pressure setting knob (34 d). In one embodiment, the predetermined gas injection pressure is above 10 bar. The pressure regulator (34) includes a safety relief valve (34c) to maintain the pressure of the gas entering the transformer tank (14). In one embodiment, the relief valve (34c) relieves the pressure of the gas by venting the gas to atmosphere until the pressure is within predetermined limits. In an embodiment, the predetermined pressure limit of the gas flow is 10 bar. The gas outlet of the safety valve (34c) is sent to the outlet of the auxiliary valve (6b) via the gas flow control valve (6 c). The gas flow control valve (6c) controls the flow rate of gas to the transformer tank (14). In addition, the outlet of the gas flow control valve (6c) is connected to the inlet of a check valve (37), wherein the outlet of the check valve (37) is connected to the transformer tank (14).

furthermore, the Pressure Monitoring Switch (PMS) (31) (shown in fig. 4) comprises an oil receiving end (31a) (also referred to as a pressure port), at least one diaphragm (31b), at least one pressure switch (31c) enclosed in a housing (31d), at least one spring-loaded plunger (31e) and a plurality of support plates (31f) acting as enclosures for the diaphragm (31 b). The pressure port (31a) is connected to the diaphragm (31b) with a fastening means and is provided with a gasket to prevent oil leakage. In an exemplary embodiment, the fastening means is a mounting nut. The diaphragm (31b) is attached to a spring-loaded plunger (31e) in contact with a pressure switch (31 c). In one embodiment, the pressure switch (31c) is a normally-on (NC) switch.

As shown in fig. 5, PMS (31) is in fluid communication with the drain (9). The PMS (31) is located between a plurality of ball valves (41, 42). The ball valves (41, 42) are fluidly connected to the drain pipe (9) by a first hose (43) and a second hose (44), respectively. In the exemplary embodiment, plurality of ball valves (41, 42) is selected from a group such as, but not limited to, a two-way ball valve and a three-way ball valve. In the present disclosure, both a two-way ball valve (41) and a three-way ball valve (42) are used to send oil (11) from the drain pipe (9) to the PMS (31). One opening of the two-way ball valve (41) is connected to the drain pipe (9) to bypass the oil (11) from the drain pipe (9), and the other opening of the two-way ball valve (41) is connected to the first opening of the three-way ball valve (42) for receiving the bypassed oil (11). In one embodiment, the second opening of the three-way ball valve (42) is connected to an oil receiving end (31a) of the PMS (31) for sending the bypassed oil (11) to the PMS (31). The PMS (31) receives the bypassed oil from the three-way ball valve (42) and measures the current static oil pressure.

In one embodiment, both the two-way ball valve (41) and the three-way ball valve (42) are provided with at least one operating handle/lever. The operating handle is used for adjusting the valve state according to requirements. For example, as shown in fig. 6, in the case where a lever attached to the two-way ball valve (41) is in a horizontal position, the two-way ball valve (41) is in an operating state/open state. However, if the position of the two-way ball valve (41) is vertical, it indicates that the two-way ball valve (41) is in a closed state. Further, if the position of the rod attached to the three-way ball valve (42) is vertical, the three-way valve (42) is said to be in an open state. However, if the position of the lever attached to the three-way ball valve (42) is horizontal, it indicates that the three-way valve (42) is in a closed state. In one embodiment, testing of the system (101) is performed when both valves (41, 42) are in a closed state. The valves (41, 42) can be opened and closed manually using an operating handle/lever as long as the operator desires. When both valves (41, 42) are closed, the oil (11) is not bypassed to the PMS (31). The valve configuration enables on-line testing of equipment (100) for detecting fires and preventing explosion of transformers (30).

During an oil bleed event, the PMS (31) senses a change in oil pressure of the bypassed oil (11). Upon a change in the oil pressure of the bypass, a spring-loaded plunger (31e) is depressed, which causes the state of a pressure switch (31c) to change from a contact state to a non-contact state. Furthermore, upon detection of a pressure change of the bypassed oil (11), the PMS (31) provides a first input signal to the control unit (1). In one embodiment, the predetermined oil pressure is 7mwc [ meters of water column ].

In an embodiment, when the PMS (31) of the device (100) provides a first input signal to the control unit (1), the components, i.e. the voltage variation detection unit (26a), the overcurrent detection unit (26b), the surge detection unit (18) and the RPRR, the one or more circuit breakers (24, 28) provide a second input signal, a third input signal, a fourth input signal and a fifth input signal, respectively.

Furthermore, the control unit (1) comprises a power supply device (2) for operating the control unit (1) and a selector switch (not shown in the figure) for switching between the operating modes of the control unit (1). The control unit (1) further comprises a plurality of mechanical latching contacts (not shown in the figures), each of the plurality of mechanical latching contacts being interconnected with a component of the device (100). That is, a plurality of mechanical contactors are interconnected with each of a differential current and voltage sensing relay (26), a voltage change detection unit (26a), an overcurrent detection unit (26b), a surge detection unit (18), a Rapid Pressure Rise Relay (RPRR), and one or more circuit breakers (24, 28). The control unit (1) controls the components of the device (100) by means of a plurality of mechanical contactors.

In an embodiment, the plurality of mechanical contactors includes a first contactor, a second contactor, a third contactor, a fourth contactor, and a fifth contactor (not shown in the figure). The first contactor is engaged with a voltage change detection unit (26 a). The second contactor is engaged with an overcurrent detection unit (26 b). The third contactor is engaged with a surge detection unit (18). The fourth contactor is engaged with one or more circuit breakers (24, 28). The fifth contactor is engaged with a cable monitoring system (29). The cable monitoring system (29) interconnects all components of the apparatus (100) with a plurality of mechanical contactors of the control unit (1), thereby enabling the control unit (1) to control the operation of the components of the apparatus (100).

The control unit (1) further comprises a storage unit (not shown in the figures) configured to store preset values of the components of the device (100). In one embodiment, the memory unit also stores the calculations required to calculate the ratio of input current/voltage to output current/voltage. In another embodiment, the memory unit also stores a calculation method required to calculate a difference between the input current/voltage and the output current/voltage. In an embodiment, the memory unit is selected from the group such as, but not limited to, RAM, ROM, or any other memory device, for the purpose of storing preset values and calculations for the components of the device (100). At least one control unit (1) comprises a processing unit (not shown in the figures) to process or execute the algorithms based on input received from the components. The processing unit may comprise at least one data processor for executing program components for performing user or system generated requests. The processor may include special purpose processing units such as integrated system (bus) controllers, memory management control units, floating point units, graphics processing units, digital signal processing units, and the like. The processing unit may include a microprocessor, such as AMD Athlon, Duron or Opteron, ARM applications, embedded or secure processors, IBM PowerPC, Intel's Core, Itanium, Xeon, Celeron or other families of processors, and the like. The processing units may use mainframe, distributed processor, multi-core, parallel, grid, or other architectures. Some embodiments may utilize embedded technology such as Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), and the like. The processing unit may be arranged to communicate with one or more input/outputs (I/O) via an I/O interface. The I/O interface may employ a communication protocol/method such as, but not limited to, audio, analog, digital, mono, RCA, stereo, IEEE-1394, serial bus, Universal Serial Bus (USB), Infrared, PS/2, BNC, coaxial, component, composite, Digital Video Interface (DVI), High Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI), RF antenna, S-Video, VGA, IEEE 802.n/b/g/n/x, Bluetooth, cellular (e.g., Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), high speed packet Access (HSPA +), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), Long Term Evolution (LTE), WiMax, etc.), and the like.

When any input signal from the component is received, the control unit (1) generates a control signal. The control signal operates a bleed valve (4) and a bleed valve (6) of the device (100). Operating the drain valve (4) will drain oil (11) from the transformer tank (14) via the drain pipe (9). At the same time, the control signal operates the purge valve (6) as shown in fig. 2, directing the gas into the transformer tank (14). (46).

Thus, whenever the at least one control unit (1) detects that a fire and/or explosion may occur in the transformer (30), i.e. receives an input signal from a component of the transformer (30), gas is supplied to the transformer (30) via the gas bleeding unit (6). Thereby, a fire is detected and the explosion of the transformer is prevented.

In one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, fig. 7 shows a system (101) for detecting fluid leakage, fire, and preventing explosion of a transformer (30). The system (101) is provided with a fluid leakage detection unit (102) of the apparatus (100).

in an exemplary configuration, the fluid leak detection unit (102) is assembled to the vent tube (9) (as shown in fig. 8 a). In an embodiment, the fluid leak detection unit (102) is integrated in the bottom of the tapping pipe (9). The drain pipe (9) is divided into an upper fluid drain pipe (9a) and a lower drain pipe (9 b). One end of the upper bleed-off pipe (9a) is connected to the transformer tank (14), and the other end is connected to an inlet port (4a) of the bleed-off valve (4). One end of the lower bleed tube (9b) is connected to the outlet port (4b) of the bleed valve (4), and the other end of the lower bleed tube (9b) is connected to the top section (3) of the fluid collection chamber (4). In one embodiment, the bleed valve (4) is disposed between an upper bleed duct (9a) and a lower bleed duct (9 b). The upper discharge pipe (9a) and the lower discharge pipe (9b) are connected to the discharge valve (4) by a fastener. In one embodiment, the fastener interconnecting the bleed tube (9) and the bleed valve (4) is selected from the group such as, but not limited to, a nut, a bolt, and a rivet.

In addition, as shown in fig. 9b, the lower drain tube (9) is configured with an extended flared portion (9 c). In an embodiment, the fluid collection chamber (3) is attached to the extended flared portion (9 c). The fluid collection chamber (3) is attached to the extended flared portion (9c) by methods such as, but not limited to, welding, soldering, brazing and fastening. The fluid collection chamber (3) is configured to collect oil leaking from the bleed tube (9) when the bleed valve (4) is in the closed position. The fluid collection chamber (3) has at least one through hole (4) or channel on each of its top and bottom sides. At least one through hole (38) provided on the top side is connected to the expanding portion (9c), and at least one through hole provided at the bottom side of the chamber (3) is connected to the fluid discharge pipe (32). In one embodiment, the bleed duct (9) and the at least one through hole (38) are coaxial. This construction enables the oil (11) to flow directly through the at least one through-hole (38) to the oil sump (8) via the fluid discharge tube (32). Furthermore, a drain plug (3b) is configured in the fluid collection chamber (3) to drain oil (11) collected by the extended flared portion (9 c).

Furthermore, the fluid collection chamber (3) is provided with a fluid collection area (39) (as shown in fig. 8 b). A fluid collection area (39) is provided at the bottom of the fluid collection chamber (3). In an embodiment, the fluid collection area (39) is an area surrounding the at least one through hole (4) and configured to collect oil leaking from the relief valve (4). When oil leaking from the bleed valve (4) reaches the extended expanded portion (9c), its pressure is lost by the expanded portion of the bleed tube (9). Thus, the oil (11) flows along the wall of the fluid collection chamber (3) to be collected in the fluid collection area (39). The fluid collection area (39) is formed by the connection of the fluid outlet tube (32) to the bottom of the fluid collection chamber (3). The fluid outlet tube (5) extends into the fluid collection chamber (3) to a predetermined height through at least one through hole (38). In one embodiment, the fluid drainage tube (5) extends to a predetermined height based on the volume of fluid collection area (39) required. Furthermore, the extension of the fluid discharge tube (32) within the fluid collection chamber (3) serves as a side wall to prevent the collected oil from flowing into the oil sump (8) via the fluid discharge tube (32).

The fluid collection chamber (3) is further provided with at least one level switch (3 c). The level switch (3c) is located at a predetermined position of the fluid collection chamber (3). In one embodiment, the level switch (3c) is located at a corner of the bottom of the fluid collection chamber (3). Furthermore, at least one cut (3a) of a predetermined size and shape is made on one of the sides of the fluid collection chamber (3). In one embodiment, the shape of the cut (3a) may vary, including but not limited to square, rectangular, circular, oval, and any other shape that may serve the purpose. The size of the cut-out (3a) is configured such that it will enable the operator to reach the level switch (3 c). The cut-out (3a) also allows the operator to see into the fluid collection chamber (3). Further, a predetermined number of locking holes are formed to surround the cutout (3a) portion. A lock plate (3d) having the same number of lock holes as those of the cutout (3a) is attached to the fluid collection chamber (3) so as to cover the cutout (3 a). In one embodiment, the number of locking holes provided to the locking plate (3d) is about 2 to about 10. This configuration of the locking plate (3d) prevents oil from leaking out through the drain tube (9) and through the cutout (3 a). Also, a triggering alarm (not shown) is configured to the fluid leakage detection unit (102) to alert an operator when a fluid leakage in the system (101) is detected.

During use of the transformer, a fluid leakage detection unit (102) monitors the transformer (30) for fluid leakage. The fluid leakage detection unit (102) is configured to detect a leakage of oil (11) in the drain pipe (9) during a closed position of the drain valve (4). The fluid leakage detection unit (102) detects leakage when the oil (11) collected in the fluid collection chamber (3) exceeds a preset value. When a leak is detected, at least one level switch (3c) triggers an alarm to alert the operator to the oil leak.

Furthermore, the pressure of the oil (11) draining from the transformer tank (14) during use of the transformer (30) is monitored by the PMS (31). The pressure switch (31c) provides a first input signal to the at least one control unit (1) when the pressure of the oil (11) draining from the drain (9) exceeds a preset valve.

Similarly, when an abnormal condition is sensed by monitoring a change between voltage and current signals input and output from the transformer (30), the voltage change unit (26a) and the overcurrent detection unit (26b) supply a second input signal and a third input signal, respectively, to the control unit (1).

During use of the transformer (30), when surge detection unit (18) and fast boost relay (RPRR) detect oil surges and oil pressure changes in the transformer tank (14) above a preset value, a fourth input signal is provided to the control unit (1).

Furthermore, due to the interconnection of the voltage variation unit (26a), the overcurrent detection unit (26b), the surge detection unit (18) and the fast step-up relay (RPRR) with the one or more circuit breakers (24, 28), the fifth input signal is provided by the one or more circuit breakers (24, 28) to the control unit (1). When one or more circuit breakers (24, 28) receive a signal from any one of a voltage variation unit (26a), an overcurrent detection unit (26b), a surge detection unit (18) and a fast step-up relay (RPRR), a fifth input signal is provided to the control unit (1).

the at least one control unit (1) operates the bleed valve (4) and the purge valve (6) simultaneously when receiving any one of the first, second, third, fourth and fifth input signals. After the release of the relief valve (4), the oil (11) in the transformer tank (14) is drained. Due to the release of the purge valve (6), gas from the gas source (7) is delivered from the bottom of the transformer tank (14). The circulation of the gas at the bottom of the transformer tank (14) agitates the oil (11) present in the transformer tank (14), thereby uniformly cooling the oil (11). Furthermore, the agitation of the oil (11) due to the flow of gas removes oxygen from the transformer tank (14), thereby reducing the oxygen content in the transformer tank (14). Furthermore, the gas rises in the transformer tank (14) and forms an envelope on cracks or fractures occurring in the transformer tank (14). Thus, the circulating gas prevents explosion of the transformer (30) and resulting fire.

in an embodiment, as described in the description of the device (100), in the absence of the PMS (31), the control unit (1) receives any one of the first, second, third and fourth input signals from the voltage variation unit (26a), the overcurrent detection unit (26b), the surge detection unit (18) and the fast step-up relay (RPRR) and the one or more circuit breakers (24, 28), respectively.

the method has the following advantages:

The present disclosure provides an apparatus configured to send gas into a transformer tank from the bottom of the transformer tank, thereby cooling the oil and eliminating oxygen collection from the transformer tank.

the present disclosure provides an apparatus wherein the gas delivered to the transformer tank is further configured to form an encapsulation or layer around cracks or breaks on the transformer tank, thereby preventing the transformer from exploding.

The present disclosure provides an apparatus and system for detecting fluid leaks to inherently prevent problems associated with transformer heating and explosion.

The present disclosure provides an apparatus and system for detecting a fire that provides an operator with a time interval to take precautionary measures in the event of a dangerous transformer explosion.

Identity of

With respect to the use of substantially any plural and/or singular terms herein, those having skill in the art can translate from the plural to the singular and/or from the singular to the plural as is appropriate and/or applicable. Various singular/plural permutations may be expressly set forth herein for the sake of clarity.

It will be understood by those within the art that, in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims (e.g., bodies of the appended claims) are generally intended as "open" terms (e.g., the term "including" should be interpreted as "including but not limited to," the term "having" should be interpreted as "having at least," the term "includes" should be interpreted as "includes but is not limited to," etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of the introductory phrases "at least one" and "one or more" to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles "a" or "an" limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim recitation to inventions containing only one such claim recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases "one or more" or "at least one" and indefinite articles such as "a" or "an" (e.g., "a" or "an" should typically be interpreted to mean "at least one" or "one or more"); the same holds true for the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, even if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should typically be interpreted to mean at least the recited number (e.g., the bare recitation of "two recitations," without other modifiers, typically means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations). Further, where a convention analogous to "at least one of A, B and C, etc." is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B and C" would include but not be limited to systems that have a alone, B alone, C alone, a and B together, a and C together, and B and C together, and/or A, B and C together, etc.). In those instances where a convention analogous to "A, B or at least one of C, etc." is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B, or C" would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that, in fact, any disjunctive word and/or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both terms. For example, the phrase "a or B" will be understood to include the possibility of "a" or "B" or "a and B".

In addition, where features or aspects of the present disclosure are described in terms of Markush groups (Markush groups), those skilled in the art will recognize that the present disclosure is thereby also described in terms of any single member or subgroup of members of the Markush group.

While various aspects and embodiments have been disclosed herein, other aspects and embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The various aspects and embodiments disclosed herein are for purposes of illustration and are not intended to be limiting, with the true scope and spirit being indicated by the following claims.

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