阅读说明：本技术 一种杂交构树嫩茎叶饲料发酵方法 (Fermentation method of feed for tender stem leaves of broussonetia papyrifera ) 是由 邓苏重 宰学明 阚家强 徐荣欣 王国进 朱立 孙涛 黄舒蕾 于 2019-10-12 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种杂交构树嫩茎叶饲料发酵方法,包括嫩茎叶的选取及处理、干酵母活化、发酵料的配制、发酵料铺设与发酵以及密封处理等步骤。本发明针对杂交构树嫩茎叶饲料发酵过程中多余水分难以处理从而导致发酵料腐烂变质的问题,发明了“间隔铺设吸水材料、适当提升米糠和玉米粉的比例、使用杂交构树嫩茎叶研磨液活化干酵母”的杂交构树嫩茎叶饲料发酵方法。解决了杂交构树嫩茎叶饲料发酵过程中水分含量过高导致发酵料腐烂变质的问题,提高了酵母菌与杂交构树嫩茎叶组织接触的密切程度,从而在控制水分、防止饲料腐烂变质这一方面显著提升了杂交构树嫩茎叶饲料发酵的成功率、提升了饲料的品质。(The invention discloses a fermentation method of a feed for tender stems and leaves of a hybrid paper mulberry, which comprises the steps of selection and treatment of tender stems and leaves, activation of dry yeast, preparation of a fermentation material, laying and fermentation of the fermentation material, sealing treatment and the like. Aiming at the problem that the fermentation material is rotten and goes bad because excessive water is difficult to treat in the fermentation process of the broussonetia papyrifera tender stem leaf feed, the invention provides the broussonetia papyrifera tender stem leaf feed fermentation method which comprises the steps of laying water absorbing materials at intervals, properly increasing the proportion of rice bran and corn flour and activating dry yeast by using the broussonetia papyrifera tender stem leaf grinding fluid. The problem that fermentation materials are rotten and deteriorated due to the fact that the water content is too high in the fermentation process of the broussonetia papyrifera tender stem leaf feeds is solved, the contact intimate degree of the saccharomycetes and the broussonetia papyrifera tender stem leaf tissues is improved, and therefore the success rate of fermentation of the broussonetia papyrifera tender stem leaf feeds is remarkably improved and the quality of the feeds is improved on the one hand of controlling water and preventing the feeds from being rotten and deteriorated.)

1. A fermentation method of a feed for tender stems and leaves of a broussonetia papyrifera is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) selecting and treating tender stems and leaves: taking young leaves and young stems of the hybrid paper mulberry plants, cleaning dust, removing diseased leaves and old leaves, placing in a ventilated and dry sunshine-free place for airing, and then shearing or grinding into small pieces by a machine for later use;

(2) activating dry yeast: grinding or mechanically squeezing a part of the tender stems and leaves treated in the step (1) to obtain tissue fluid for activating yeast, and putting the residual residues back for fermentation; slowly heating the obtained tissue fluid to 25-35 ℃, adding aroma-producing dry yeast, stirring for 5-10 minutes, covering a preservative film, and standing until foam is formed, namely, completing activation;

(3) preparing a fermentation material: mixing rice bran and corn flour, and dividing into a mixture A and a mixture B; fully and uniformly mixing the tender stems and leaves treated in the step (1), the coarse feed degradation agent and the mixture B to obtain a fermented material;

(4) laying and fermenting a fermentation material: laying a layer of mixture A at the bottom of a fermentation barrel, adding a proper amount of fermentation material into the barrel, compacting, and uniformly spraying the activated dry yeast solution obtained in the step (2); then laying a layer of mixture A, adding a proper amount of fermentation material into the barrel, compacting, and uniformly spraying the activated dry yeast solution obtained in the step (2); and repeating the steps until the top layer of the fermented material is laid, and scattering all the residual dry yeast solution in the top layer of the fermented material;

(5) sealing treatment: covering a layer of preservative film on the surface of the fermentation barrel, compacting by using a heavy object, covering the barrel cover, sealing the edge of the barrel cover by using an adhesive tape, and fermenting for 20-35 days at the temperature of 30-40 ℃ to obtain the feed for the tender stem leaves of the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera.

2. The fermentation method of the Broussonetia papyrifera tender stem leaf feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the addition amount of the aroma-producing dry yeast is 18-25 g/40-50ml of tissue fluid.

3. The fermentation method of the young stem and leaf feed of the broussonetia papyrifera as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the amount ratio of the processed young stem and leaf, the coarse feed degradation agent, the rice bran and the corn flour is (250-350 g), (80-120 g) and (10-15 g).

4. The fermentation method of the feed for the tender stems and leaves of the broussonetia papyrifera as claimed in claim 3, wherein the rice bran and the corn flour are mixed and then divided into a mixture A and a mixture B according to a mass ratio of 3: 2.

5. The fermentation method of the broussonetia papyrifera tender stem leaf feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the thickness of each layer of the mixture A is 0.4-0.6 cm; the laying thickness of each layer of fermentation material is 3-4 cm.

6. The fermentation method of the Broussonetia papyrifera tender stem leaf feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the Broussonetia papyrifera plants are at least 2 years old.

7. The fermentation method of the young stem and leaf feed of the broussonetia papyrifera as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the size of the crushed pieces is (2-3) cm x (2-3) cm.

8. The fermentation method of the feed of the tender stem leaves of the broussonetia papyrifera as claimed in claim 3, wherein the roughage degradation agent is a reinforced roughage degradation agent produced by Nanning microbiological science and technology Limited.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant feed fermentation, and particularly relates to a fermentation method of a feed for tender stems and leaves of a hybrid paper mulberry.

Background

The broussonetia papyrifera hybrid is a broussonetia papyrifera hybrid variety cultured by means of space carrying breeding, hybrid breeding and the like by adopting a modern agricultural breeding technology, and has obvious advantages in the aspects of nutrient components, propagation speed, stress resistance and the like compared with the common broussonetia papyrifera. The content of the crude protein of the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera is up to 26.1 percent, and the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera is rich in nutrient components such as amino acid, vitamin, polyphenol substances and the like. In addition, the hybrid paper mulberry has strong adaptability to the environment. Has the characteristics of strong drought resistance, water conservation, cold resistance, barren resistance, saline-alkali resistance, disease and insect pest resistance and the like, and has low planting cost and fast growth property. Therefore, the fermented hybrid paper mulberry tender stem leaves are excellent animal feed and can be produced in large quantities. At present, many attempts are made in the aspect of making the hybrid paper mulberry feed in China, but the problem of rottenness and deterioration caused by overhigh water content in the feed fermentation process is inevitable. The water content of the tender stem leaves of the broussonetia papyrifera is up to more than 75%, water in the tender stem leaves seeps out in the fermentation process, meanwhile, active dry yeast added in the fermentation needs to be activated in advance, and water of the activated yeast is also added into the feed, so that the water in the fermented feed is possibly overproof. In the existing fermentation process of the broussonetia papyrifera, the method of uniformly mixing and stirring corn flour, rice bran and tender stems and leaves of the broussonetia papyrifera is generally adopted to absorb excessive water, so that the water content of a fermentation material can be controlled to be about 60-70%; however, in experiments we have found that the problems are still not solved by using the traditional fermentation material mixing mode. Therefore, the new material mixing mode and the activation method of the activated dry yeast are the key points for solving the problem of water control in the fermentation process.

Disclosure of Invention

The problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: overcomes the problem that the fermented material is rotten and deteriorated due to overhigh water content in the fermentation process of the feed of the tender stem leaves of the broussonetia papyrifera.

In order to solve the technical problem, the invention discloses a fermentation method of a feed for tender stems and leaves of a hybrid broussonetia papyrifera, which comprises the following steps:

(1) selecting and treating tender stems and leaves: taking young leaves and young stems of the hybrid paper mulberry plants, cleaning dust, removing diseased leaves and old leaves, placing in a ventilated and dry sunshine-free place for airing, and then shearing or grinding into small pieces by a machine for later use;

(2) activating dry yeast: grinding or mechanically squeezing a part of the tender stems and leaves treated in the step (1) to obtain tissue fluid for activating yeast, and putting the residual residues back for fermentation; slowly heating the obtained tissue fluid to 25-35 ℃, adding aroma-producing dry yeast, stirring for 5-10 minutes, covering a preservative film, and standing until foam is formed, namely, completing activation;

(3) preparing a fermentation material: mixing rice bran and corn flour, and dividing into a mixture A and a mixture B; fully and uniformly mixing the tender stems and leaves treated in the step (1), the coarse feed degradation agent and the mixture B to obtain a fermented material;

(4) laying and fermenting a fermentation material: laying a layer of mixture A at the bottom of a fermentation barrel, adding a proper amount of fermentation material into the barrel, compacting, and uniformly spraying the activated dry yeast solution obtained in the step (2); then laying a layer of mixture A, adding a proper amount of fermentation material into the barrel, compacting, and uniformly spraying the activated dry yeast solution obtained in the step (2); and repeating the steps until the top layer of the fermented material is laid, and scattering all the residual dry yeast solution in the top layer of the fermented material;

(5) sealing treatment: covering a layer of preservative film on the surface of the fermentation barrel, compacting by using a heavy object, covering the barrel cover, sealing the edge of the barrel cover by using an adhesive tape, and fermenting for 20-35 days at the temperature of 30-40 ℃ to obtain the feed for the tender stem leaves of the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera.

Preferably, in the step (2), the adding amount of the aroma-producing dry yeast is 18-25 g/40-50ml of tissue fluid; the aroma-producing yeast is aroma-producing active dry yeast produced by Angel Yeast Co.

Specifically, in the step (3), the dosage ratio of the treated tender stem leaves, the coarse feed degradation agent, the rice bran and the corn flour is (250-350 g), (80-120 g) and (10-15 g); preferably 300g:100g:100g:12 g.

Preferably, after being mixed, the rice bran and the corn flour are divided into a mixture A and a mixture B according to the mass ratio of 3: 2; the mixture A has the function of absorbing moisture, and the mixture B mainly has the function of providing energy for fermentation and also has the function of absorbing moisture.

Preferably, in the step (4), the thickness of each layer of the mixture A is 0.4-0.6 cm; the laying thickness of each layer of fermentation material is 3-4 cm.

Preferably, in step (1), the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera plant is at least 2 years old.

Preferably, in the step (1), the size of the crushed small pieces is (2-3) cm x (2-3) cm.

Preferably, the coarse feed degradation agent is a reinforced coarse feed degradation agent produced by Nanning micro-Ray biotechnology limited, the main raw materials are cellulase, beta-glucanase, xyloglucanase and the like, and the auxiliary materials are zeolite powder and the like.

Aiming at the problem that the fermentation material is rotten and goes bad because excessive water is difficult to treat in the fermentation process of the broussonetia papyrifera tender stem leaf feed, the invention provides the broussonetia papyrifera tender stem leaf feed fermentation method which comprises the steps of laying water absorbing materials at intervals, properly increasing the proportion of rice bran and corn flour and activating dry yeast by using the broussonetia papyrifera tender stem leaf grinding fluid. The problem that fermentation materials are rotten and deteriorated due to the fact that the water content is too high in the fermentation process of the broussonetia papyrifera tender stem leaf feeds is solved, the contact intimate degree of the saccharomycetes and the broussonetia papyrifera tender stem leaf tissues is improved, and therefore the success rate of fermentation of the broussonetia papyrifera tender stem leaf feeds is remarkably improved and the quality of the feeds is improved on the one hand of controlling water and preventing the feeds from being rotten and deteriorated.

Has the advantages that:

the hybrid broussonetia papyrifera is rich in various nutrient elements and crude protein, is an ideal animal feed, has high survival rate and strong stress resistance, and is suitable for large-area planting. However, in the fermentation process of the feed of the tender stem leaves of the broussonetia papyrifera, the problem of fermentation failure caused by excessive water is easy to occur. The invention can obviously control the content of water in the fermentation process, and improve the fermentation success rate and the quality of the feed. The water content in the feed of the tender stem leaves of the broussonetia papyrifera fermented by the method is reduced to 46.8 percent, which is superior to the water content of more than 60 percent in the feed of the tender stem leaves of the broussonetia papyrifera common in the market, so that the successful fermentation probability of the feed of the tender stem leaves of the broussonetia papyrifera is greatly improved, and an idea is provided for the large-scale production of the fermented feed of the tender stem leaves of the broussonetia papyrifera.

Detailed Description

The invention will be better understood from the following examples.