阅读说明：本技术 一种蚕豆水提物饲料的制备方法、产品及其在脆化鱼类肌肉方面的应用 (Preparation method of broad bean water extract feed, product and application of broad bean water extract feed in embrittling fish muscles ) 是由 郁二蒙 马玲玲 谢骏 李志斐 王广军 余德光 田晶晶 张凯 龚望宝 于 2019-10-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种蚕豆水提物饲料的制备方法、产品及其在脆化鱼类肌肉方面的应用,包括：蚕豆粉的制备、饱和氢氧化钙溶液的制备、4M盐酸的制备、蚕豆水提物的提取、蚕豆水提物粉的制备、配合饲料粉的制备、配合饲料与蚕豆水提物饲混合料的制备、蚕豆水提物饲料的制备,通过本发明方法提取的蚕豆提取饲料用于鱼类可以显著提高鱼类的肌肉硬度、咀嚼性和粘聚性、促进鱼类生长性能,这是在鱼类养殖中的创新应用。(The invention relates to a preparation method of broad bean water extract feed, a product and application thereof in embrittling fish muscles, comprising the following steps: the broad bean extract feed extracted by the method can be used for fish to obviously improve the muscle hardness, the chewiness and the cohesiveness of the fish and promote the growth performance of the fish, and is an innovative application in fish culture.)

1. The preparation method of the broad bean water extract feed is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

(1) preparing the broad bean powder: shelling broad beans, crushing and sieving to obtain broad bean powder;

(2) preparing the broad bean aqueous extract: adding distilled water into broad bean powder, adjusting the pH value of the solution to 9 by using a soluble metal hydroxide solution, carrying out ultrasonic treatment, filtering, adjusting the pH value of the filtrate to 4.5-5.0 by using an acid solution, precipitating overnight, filtering and concentrating to obtain a broad bean water extract;

(3) preparing broad bean water extract powder: pulverizing and sieving the extracted broad bean water extract to obtain broad bean water extract powder;

(4) preparing a mixture of the compound feed and broad bean water extract powder: crushing and sieving the compound feed, and mixing and uniformly stirring the crushed and sieved compound feed and the broad bean water extract powder to obtain a mixture of the compound feed and the broad bean water extract powder;

(5) preparing broad bean water extract feed: and (4) uniformly mixing water and the mixture prepared in the step (4), granulating, airing and packaging to obtain the broad bean water extract feed.

2. The preparation method of the broad bean water extract feed according to claim 1, wherein the step (1) is specifically that the shells of the broad beans are hulled by a huller, and the shells are crushed by a traditional Chinese medicine flow type crusher and then screened by a 60-mesh sieve.

3. The preparation method of the broad bean aqueous extract feed according to claim 1, wherein the soluble metal hydroxide solution in the step (2) is a saturated calcium hydroxide solution, and the acid solution is hydrochloric acid with a concentration of 4M.

4. The preparation method of the broad bean water extract feed according to claim 3, wherein the step (2) is specifically that 12 times of distilled water is added into broad bean powder, the pH value of the saturated calcium hydroxide solution is adjusted to 9.0, ultrasonic treatment is carried out at 45 ℃ for 1 hour, then filtration is carried out, the pH value of the filtrate is adjusted to 4.5-5.0 by 4M hydrochloric acid, precipitation is carried out at 4 ℃ overnight, then filtration is carried out, and the filtrate is concentrated to be dry at 55 ℃ by using a rotary evaporator to obtain the broad bean water extract.

5. The preparation method of the broad bean water extract feed according to claim 1, wherein the step (3) is to crush the extracted broad bean water extract solid by a traditional Chinese medicine running water type crusher and then pass through a 60-mesh sieve to obtain the broad bean water extract powder.

6. The preparation method of the broad bean water extract feed according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the compound feed powder obtained by crushing the compound feed by a traditional Chinese medicine running water type crusher and sieving the crushed compound feed by a 60-mesh sieve is mixed with the broad bean water extract powder and uniformly stirred to obtain a mixture of the compound feed and the broad bean water extract powder.

7. The preparation method of the broad bean water extract feed according to claim 1, wherein the mass mixing ratio of the compound feed powder in the step (4) to the broad bean water extract powder is 6.88: 1.

8. The preparation method of the broad bean water extract feed according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the water used in the step (5) is 20-30% of the mass of the mixture.

9. The broad bean aqueous extract feed prepared by the preparation method of the broad bean aqueous extract feed according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. The application of the broad bean water extract feed prepared by the preparation method of the broad bean water extract feed according to any one of claims 1 to 8 in embrittling fish muscles.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of aquatic functional feeds, in particular to a preparation method and a product of broad bean water extract feed and application of broad bean water extract feed in embrittling fish muscles.

Background

Broad beans are a kind of leguminous plants, and are rapidly developed in food processing in recent years. Broad beans are a crop rich in protein, minerals and vitamins, and are one of high-quality nutrient sources. But the anti-nutritional factors in the broad beans can reduce the reasonable utilization of the nutritional ingredients of the broad beans. A plurality of treatment methods are applied to processing and treating broad beans, wherein the content of anti-nutritional factors can be reduced by using several methods such as shelling, soaking, rinsing and sprouting.

Researches show that broad beans as a single ingestion source remarkably improves the muscle mouthfeel of fishes, and particularly has the characteristic of crispness. After the grass carp is fed with broad beans for 100 days, the muscle hardness of the grass carp is increased, the collagen content is increased, and the grass carp has a crisp muscle characteristic, and the grass carp after embrittlement is called as crisp grass carp. Greatly increases the economic benefit of grass carp breeding, but researches also show that broad beans have certain defects while improving the muscle characteristics: (1) the growth rate of the fish is low due to the fact that broad beans lack part of amino acids or part of the amino acids are insufficient in content, and anti-nutritional factors and the like; (2) broad beans contain some anti-nutritional ingredients such as protease and amylase inhibitors, broad bean pyrimidine nucleosides, phytate and the like, which may cause intestinal inflammation; (3) broad beans cause problems such as hemolysis and oxidative damage. Therefore, how to reduce or eliminate the above defects is a key point to solve the application of broad beans in improving muscle quality.

At present, after scholars add broad bean powder, broad bean concentrated protein, broad bean water-ethanol extract and the like to prepare compound feed, only the broad bean powder embrittles the compound feed to have embrittling effect. However, the growth rate of the fish fed by the broad bean powder embrittled compound feed is generally low, and the fish still contains anti-nutritional factors which have adverse effects on healthy growth, so that the requirement of realizing rapid growth of the embrittled fish at the same time cannot be met.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a preparation method of broad bean water extract feed, a product and application thereof in embrittlement of fish muscles, which can remove nutritional factors in broad beans to the maximum extent, retain functional components of the brittle muscles of the broad beans, improve embrittlement and growth performance of the active components of the broad beans on the fish muscles by using a compound feed, promote development of aquatic functional feed, and have important significance for developing aquatic feed with high nutritional value and specific functions.

One of the technical schemes of the invention is a preparation method of broad bean water extract feed, which comprises the following steps,

(1) preparing the broad bean powder: shelling broad beans, crushing and sieving to obtain broad bean powder;

(2) preparing the broad bean aqueous extract: adding distilled water into broad bean powder, adjusting the pH value of the solution to 9 by using a soluble metal hydroxide solution, carrying out ultrasonic treatment, filtering, adjusting the pH value of the filtrate to 4.5-5.0 by using an acid solution, precipitating overnight, filtering and concentrating to obtain a broad bean water extract;

(3) preparing broad bean water extract powder: pulverizing and sieving the extracted broad bean water extract to obtain broad bean water extract powder;

(4) preparing a mixture of the compound feed and broad bean water extract powder: crushing and sieving the compound feed, and mixing and uniformly stirring the crushed and sieved compound feed and the broad bean water extract powder to obtain a mixture of the compound feed and the broad bean water extract powder;

(5) preparing broad bean water extract feed: and (4) uniformly mixing water and the mixture prepared in the step (4), granulating, airing and packaging to obtain the broad bean water extract feed.

Preferably, the step (1) is specifically that the shells of the broad beans are hulled by a huller, and the shells are crushed by a traditional Chinese medicine flow type crusher and then screened by a 60-mesh sieve;

preferably, the soluble metal hydroxide solution in the step (2) is a saturated calcium hydroxide solution, and the acid solution is hydrochloric acid with a concentration of 4M;

preferably, the step (2) is specifically that 12 times of distilled water is added into broad bean powder, the pH value of a saturated calcium hydroxide solution is adjusted to 9.0, ultrasonic treatment is carried out at 45 ℃ for 1h, then filtration is carried out, the pH value of a filtrate is adjusted to 4.5-5.0 by 4M hydrochloric acid, precipitation is carried out overnight at 4 ℃, then filtration is carried out, and the filtrate is concentrated to dryness at 55 ℃ by a rotary evaporator to obtain a broad bean water extract;

preferably, the step (3) is to crush the extracted broad bean aqueous extract solid by a traditional Chinese medicine running water type crusher and then pass through a 60-mesh sieve to obtain broad bean aqueous extract powder;

preferably, the compound feed is crushed by a traditional Chinese medicine running water type crusher, and then the compound feed powder obtained by sieving a 60-mesh sieve is mixed with the broad bean water extract powder and stirred uniformly to obtain a mixture of the compound feed and the broad bean water extract powder;

preferably, the mass mixing ratio of the compound feed powder and the broad bean water extract powder in the step (4) is 6.88: 1;

preferably, the amount of the water used in the step (5) is 20-30% of the mass of the mixture.

According to the second technical scheme, the broad bean water extract feed is prepared by the preparation method of the broad bean water extract feed.

According to the third technical scheme, the broad bean water extract feed prepared by the preparation method of the broad bean water extract feed is applied to embrittling fish muscles.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

when the grass carp eats the broad beans for a long time, the muscle quality of the grass carp can be changed, the muscles are tough, and the grass carp is not rotten after being boiled for a long time and is chewy, but the digestion and metabolism functions of the grass carp are influenced by long-term feeding of the broad beans due to unbalanced nutritional ingredients and the large amount of anti-nutritional factors. The amino acid composition of broad bean is rich, the lysine content is 3 times higher than that of grain, and the first limited amino acid is sulfur-containing amino acid. In addition, the broad beans also have high contents of trace elements and vitamins, but the application range of the broad beans is limited because the broad beans contain more anti-nutritional factors, and condensed tannin with high molecular weight and polyphenol compounds with low molecular weight can be separated from the aqueous solution extract of the broad beans, wherein the condensed tannin is the main anti-nutritional factor in the broad beans. Meanwhile, substances such as pyrimidine nucleoside, broad bean pyrimidine nucleoside, phytate, protease inhibitor, hemagglutinin and the like in the broad beans also have an anti-nutritional effect.

The alkali solution and the ultrasonic treatment can promote the dissolution of the broad bean powder, thereby improving the extraction rate of the broad bean water extract. Meanwhile, although some anti-nutritional factors are soluble in water, they are easier to combine with metal ions, so the anti-nutritional factors are more easily combined with the metal ions to form insoluble compounds by simultaneously adjusting the pH value of the solution through the metal hydroxide solution, so that the anti-nutritional factors are not dissolved in the water during the water extraction process, but remain in the water as precipitates and are finally removed by filtration. And then adjusting the filtrate to be acidic and precipitating overnight, carrying out rotary steaming and concentration on the broad bean water extract to prepare the broad bean water extract, removing anti-nutritional factors for the growth and development of nutritional fishes while keeping the functional components of the broad bean brittle muscles to the maximum extent, then preparing the extracted broad bean water extract into powder, and uniformly mixing the powder with the powder to feed to prepare the broad bean water extract feed.

The broad bean aqueous extract used in the invention is a novel extract from broad beans, and the pH-adjusted alkaline solution and the ultrasonic temperature, time and temperature during concentration have important influence on the activity of the broad bean aqueous extract. In addition, the broad bean extract after extraction can obviously improve the muscle hardness, chewiness and cohesiveness of fish and promote the growth performance of fish, which is an innovative application in fish culture.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.

It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The description and examples are intended to be illustrative only.

As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.