阅读说明：本技术 电导探针流体性质测量系统和相关方法 (Conducting probe fluid property measurement system and correlation technique ) 是由 B·特弗尼 R·D·威廉姆斯 C-G·谢 G·乔利维 于 2018-03-02 设计创作，主要内容包括：本文公开了电导探针流体性质测量系统和相关方法。示例性设备包括流量计和用于相对于所述流量计为流体提供流动路径的流体导管。所述示例性设备包括电导探针,所述电导探针耦合到所述流体导管以在所述流体流过所述流体导管期间产生所述流体的盐水电导率数据。所述示例性设备包括处理器,所述处理器用于基于所述盐水电导率数据来修改由所述流量计产生的流体流量数据。(Disclosed herein is conducting probe fluid property measurement system and correlation techniques.Example devices include flowmeter and provide the fluid conduit systems of flow path for being calculated as fluid relative to the flow.The example devices include conducting probe, and the conducting probe is coupled to the fluid conduit systems to generate the salt water conductivity data of the fluid during the fluid flows through the fluid conduit systems.The example devices include processor, and the processor is for modifying the fluid flow data generated by the flowmeter based on the salt water conductivity data.)

1. a kind of equipment, the equipment include:

Flowmeter；

Fluid conduit systems, the fluid conduit systems are used to be calculated as fluid relative to the flow to provide flow path；

Conducting probe, the conducting probe are coupled to the fluid conduit systems to produce during the fluid flows through the fluid conduit systems The salt water conductivity data of the raw fluid；And

Processor, the flowmeter and the conducting probe are communicably coupled to the processor, and the processor is for being based on The salt water conductivity data modifies the fluid flow data generated by the flowmeter.

2. equipment as described in claim 1, wherein the conducting probe is coupled to the fluid in the upstream of the flowmeter Conduit.

3. equipment as described in claim 1, wherein the conducting probe the flowmeter coupled downstream to the fluid Conduit.

4. equipment as described in claim 1, wherein the processor is used for by being based on obtaining from the salt water conductivity data To brine salinities value modify the fluid flow data to modify gamma ray water fade coefficient.

5. equipment as described in claim 1, wherein the fluid is heterogeneous fluid, and the processor is used for based on described The fluid flow data modified are come one or more of liquid holdup or the rate of discharge that determine the phase of the heterogeneous fluid.

6. equipment as described in claim 1, wherein the processor is used for based on the salt water conductivity data to detect State the presence of the solid slug in fluid.

7. equipment as described in claim 1, wherein the conducting probe is rf probe.

8. a kind of method, which comprises

To the fluid flow data application correction generated during the conduit in multi-phase fluid flow overcurrent meter by the flowmeter with Corrected fluid flow data are generated, the school, which is based on, to be visited during the heterogeneous fluid flows through the conduit by conductance The salt water conductivity data that needle generates；And

Based on one in liquid holdup or rate of discharge of the corrected fluid flow data to determine the phase of the heterogeneous fluid Person or more persons.

9. method according to claim 8, the method also includes detected based on the salt water conductivity data salinity with The variation of time, and based on the variation detected to identify reservoir fracturing chemistry or geometrical relationship.

10. method according to claim 8, the method also includes according to the multiphase flow determined by the conducting probe The complex permittivity values of body calculate brine salinities value, wherein the application of the correction is based further on the brine salinities Value.

11. method according to claim 8, the method also includes being detected based on the corrected fluid flow data The presence of solid in the heterogeneous fluid.

12. method according to claim 8, wherein including modification salt watertight to correction described in the fluid flow data application One or more of degree or gamma ray water fade coefficient.

13. method according to claim 8, the method also includes based on the conducting probe first group of correction factor and Second group of correction factor generates the salt water conductivity data.

14. method according to claim 8, the method also includes accessing the pressure data and temperature number of the heterogeneous fluid According to, and brine salinities value is calculated based on the pressure data and the temperature data.

15. a kind of equipment, the equipment include:

For generating the component of fluid flow data during fluid flow through conduit；

For generating the component of the salt water conductivity data of the fluid during the fluid flows through the conduit；And

For correcting the component of the fluid flow data based on the salt water conductivity data.

It for generating the component of the salt water conductivity data is conductance wherein described 16. equipment as claimed in claim 15 Probe.

It for generating the component of the fluid flow data is flowmeter wherein described 17. equipment as claimed in claim 16, And the conducting probe is coupled to the flange of the conduit of the flowmeter.

18. equipment as claimed in claim 15, wherein the component setting for generating the salt water conductivity data exists The downstream of the component for being used to generate the fluid flow data.

19. equipment as claimed in claim 15, wherein the fluid is heterogeneous fluid, and the component for correction is used In one of liquid holdup or the rate of discharge that determine the phase of the heterogeneous fluid based on the corrected fluid flow data Or more persons.

20. equipment as claimed in claim 15, wherein the component for correction includes processor, the processor communication It is coupled to the component for generating the fluid flow data and described for generating the salt water conductivity data in ground Component.

Technical field

The present disclosure generally relates to use conducting probe to determine fluid properties.Specifically, this disclosure relates in real time Or determine fluid properties substantially in real time (for example) various industrial operations, oil-gas exploration operation and exploitation is monitored and controlled The system and method for operation.

Background technique

Sometimes the conductivity of the water contained in oil/water/gas multiphase flow is measured using conducting probe or system.Then may be used With use water conductivity measurement result infer salinity water variation or tracking provide to multi-phase flowmeter (MPFM) (for example, Gamma ray score instrument) water quality attenuation coefficient calibration variation.

In addition, the pressure break in shale environment can use MPFM in various types during oil-gas exploration and production Fracturing operation during monitoring to fracturing process is provided, the fracturing operation is, for example, that pressure break plug brill is opened (FPDO) operation and returned Row's operation.Fig. 1 shows known system 100, and the system comprises can be used for monitoring from by the fluid stream of the reservoir of pressure break MPFM 102.The MPFM 102 of Fig. 1 FPDO operate and the row of returning operation during fluid fluid conduit systems 107 entrance 104 The independent phase flow rate rate of well fluids (for example, gas, You Heshui) is measured when flowing between outlet 106.The MPFM 102 of Fig. 1 is usual It is deployed in choker upstream (aspirating after pressure break), or in some instances, is deployed in sand separator upstream and enables to monitoring sand And/or solid.As represented by the frame 108 of Fig. 1, the sample of water is collected manually to ensure that MPFM 102 usually changes in salinity water In the case where make FPDO operation in correct rate of discharge measurement.It executes to calibrated in situ after a series of activities of water to modify MPFM data, such as gamma ray water fade, represented by the frame 110 by Fig. 1.There is provided the calibration to data processor 112, the data processor communicates with MPFM 102 and generates one based on the fluid flow data generated by MPFM 102 A or multiple outputs.Specifically, the calibration analyzed from manual sampling is provided to data processor 112, so that described Data processor 112 can generate the independent phase of the data based on the considerations of the variation by the collection of MPFM 102 to salinity and determination Rate of discharge calculates (for example, air-flow dose rate, oil stream dose rate, water flow dose rate).It includes incorrect for not correcting the consequence of the variation of salinity Estimate the rate of discharge of oil and/or condensate and the variation of salinity is misinterpreted as the generation of solid/sand in ground.

In addition, MPFM engineer usually will not be in whole operation when fracturing fluid conveying and the row of returning service just in operation It is all on the scene during duration.Engineer may be on the scene during rigging up, or before stream it is on the scene during several hours, And it may also manage other tools at construction site.However, typical FPDO operation can last for days, and it is typical after The continuous row's of returning operation continues 3 days to 3 months.Nowadays one of the significant challenge in terms of MPFM Data Post, which is a lack of, distorts energy Power is to ensure the continuous adjustment to change of water quality.The variation centered on event of water fade, which may generate, calculates rate of discharge Unacceptable Spline smoothing, this causes the (for example) misunderstanding of the challenge of the accuracy of estimated flow rate and operator.Therefore, MPFM reprocessing analysis is provided by the brine salinities data using continuously measuring are needed.

Referring again to the known system 100 of Fig. 1, without for (for example) tracking water conductivity/salinity altercation electricity The challenge led in the case where probe is that water quality quickly changes, especially during FPDO and the row's of returning operation earlier stage In.For example, salinity water may change into the salinity with 100,000ppm from fresh water within about a few hours.Separately Outside, it if fracturing operation deviates except operation envelope, and then seriously limits and damages reservoir fracturing connection in some cases Property and productivity, it would be possible that pressure break pit shaft can be damaged unintentionally.Therefore, it is necessary to the well that may be fluctuated during various operations The improved monitoring and control of reservoir fluid.

Summary of the invention

Some examples disclosed herein include conventional and very for being monitored and controlled during oil-gas exploration and production The system and method for the wells of rule, pipeline or stream.

Some examples disclosed herein include operation for being monitored and controlled in other industry (for example, exploitation), prison The system and method for surveying the water quality with analytical industry waste liquid and assessment and control aquifer and surface water.

Some examples disclosed herein include for there are solid with heterogeneous fluid application in Using the system and method for conducting probe, such as the variation of measurement water conductivity, detection of the improvement to solid and/or slug, and Identify relevant pressure break chemical substance/geometrical relationship in reservoir property, such as unconventional shale well FPDO and the row's of returning operation.

Example devices disclosed herein include flowmeter and provide flow path for being calculated as fluid relative to flow Fluid conduit systems.The example devices include conducting probe, and the conducting probe is coupled to the fluid conduit systems in fluid stream The salt water conductivity data of fluid is generated during crossing the fluid conduit systems.The example devices include processor, the processing Device is used to modify the fluid flow data generated by flowmeter based on salt water conductivity data.

Illustrative methods disclosed herein include: to be executed instruction by using processor to access in multi-phase fluid flow overcurrent The salt water conductivity data generated during body canal by conducting probe；It is executed instruction by using processor to access in multiphase flow Body is directed to the fluid flow data of heterogeneous fluid generation by flowmeter during flowing through fluid conduit systems；It is held by using processor Row instruction is corrected to the fluid flow data application to generate corrected fluid flow data；And by using processor One in the liquid holdup or rate of discharge that determine the phase of the heterogeneous fluid is executed instruction based on corrected fluid flow data Person or more persons.

Another exemplary equipment disclosed herein includes: for generating fluid flow data during fluid flow through conduit Component；For generating the component of the salt water conductivity data of the fluid during the fluid flows through the conduit；And it uses In the component for correcting the fluid flow data based on the salt water conductivity data.

Detailed description of the invention

Certain embodiments of the disclosure are described below with regard to schema, wherein identical reference number indicates identical Element.However, it should be understood that attached drawing only illustrates various implementations described herein and is not intended to limit various skills described herein The range of art.The schema shows and describes the various embodiments of the disclosure.

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of system known in the prior art, and the system comprises for opening in pressure break plug brill (FPDO) and/or the row of returning operate during measuring flow rate multi-phase flowmeter (MPFM).

Fig. 2 be according to the introduction of the disclosure include that the first exemplary conductance probe system of MPFM and conducting probe shows It is intended to.

Fig. 3 be according to the introduction of the disclosure include that the second exemplary conductance probe system of MPFM and conducting probe shows It is intended to.

Fig. 4 be according to the introduction of the disclosure include that the exemplary conductance probe system of third of MPFM and conducting probe shows It is intended to.

Fig. 5 be according to the introduction of the disclosure include that the 4th exemplary conductance probe system of MPFM and conducting probe shows It is intended to.

Fig. 6 is the time-varying chloride concentration and pipe pressure for the row's of returning analysis according to the introduction of the disclosure Curve graph.

Fig. 7 can be executed to handle the example of data measured by the exemplary conductance probe system via Fig. 2 to Fig. 5 The flow chart of property method.

Fig. 8 can be executed to handle the example of data measured by the exemplary conductance probe system via Fig. 2 to Fig. 5 The flow chart of property method.

Fig. 9 can be executed to handle the example of data measured by the exemplary conductance probe system via Fig. 2 to Fig. 5 The flow chart of property method.

Figure 10 can be used for executing the illustrative methods of Fig. 7, Fig. 8 and/or Fig. 9 and/or more generally implement Fig. 2 to figure The figure of the processor platform of 5 exemplary system.

The figure is not drawn on scale.But in the drawings may amplification layer or region thickness.In general, will The same or similar part is referred to using identical reference number in all figures and adjoint written description.

Specific embodiment

In the following description, state numerous details to provide understanding of this disclosure.However, those skilled in the art will manage Solution, can in the case where without these details embodiment of the disclosure, and relative to described embodiment Numerous variations or modification can be it is possible.

In the description and the appended claims: term " connection (connect) ", " connection (connection) ", " connection (connected) ", " with ... be connected " and " connecting (connecting) " be used to refer to " with ... be directly connected to " or " via one A or multiple element is connected "；And term " setting " is for referring to " element " or " more than one element ".In addition, term " coupling Close (couple) ", " coupling (coupling) ", " coupling (coupled) ", " being coupled " and " with ... couple " be used to refer to " being directly coupled together " or " being coupled via one or more elements ".As used herein, term " on " and "lower", " top " and " lower part ", " upward " and " downward ", " upstream " and " downstream ", " top " and " lower section " and other instructions are in set point Or the similar terms of the relative position above or below element are used to more clearly describe in the description herein some realities of the disclosure Apply scheme.

The disclosure includes being executed in the environment of the change in oil gas field operation to single-phase or multiphase using conducting probe The real-time or substantially real-time measurement of the conductivity of the water contained in fluid.Can (for example) producing well, injection well or by It drills out, use conducting probe during the well of pressure break or abandonment.Exemplary system and method disclosed herein can individually make It is used with or in conjunction with other devices, other described devices are, for example, (but being not limited to) pressure and temperature meter, multiphase or list Multi-phase flowmeter, instrumented separator, positioned at conducting probe upstream and/or the sand measuring device in downstream, ion-selective electrode, with And pH sensor.Exemplary system and method disclosed herein can also be used together with automation or manual sampling system.

Exemplary system and method disclosed herein can use in other application, such as other industry is monitored and controlled Operation, monitoring and analytical industry waste liquid and assessment in (for example, exploitation) and the water quality for controlling aquifer and surface water.So And for example purposes, system disclosed herein will be discussed under the background of the fracturing operation used in oil-gas exploration and production System and method.

Exemplary system and method disclosed herein, which are provided, to be monitored, control and characterizes in conjunction with conducting probe to come using MPFM From the fluid of fracturing operation.Exemplary system and method disclosed herein can be used alone or make in conjunction with other devices With other described devices are, for example, (but being not limited to) pressure and temperature meter, multiphase or single-phase flowmeter, instrumented separation Device, the sand measuring device positioned at conducting probe upstream and/or downstream, ion-selective electrode and pH sensor.It is disclosed herein Exemplary system and method can also be used together with automation sampling system and/or manual sampling system.

In example disclosed herein, the fluid being characterized can be single-phase or multiphase (that is, wherein the phase can be with It is any one of water, oil, gas, solid (including undissolved salt), mud and slurry, steam or the combination of cement).Wherein Fluid is in the example of multiphase, and the heterogeneous fluid can have diversified forms, such as stratified flow, lotion, foam, and doping There is tracer.In some instances, the heterogeneous fluid includes drilling mud, cement slurry, air mixing mud, has variable flow Become the stabilization learned or unstable foam.

Exemplary conducting probe disclosed herein, the multiphase fluidised form item can be disposed under the conditions of different multiphase fluidised forms Part includes different gas volume fractions, water proportion or liquid packet water ratio.For the purpose of this disclosure, it will be assumed that in the conductance of water There are correlations between rate and its salinity.Such correlation can be determined by measurement result, or passes through empirical model or interior Slotting look-up table is inferred to such correlation, such as in United States Patent (USP) No.6,831,470 or United States Patent (USP) No.9, public in 528,869 The empirical model or interpolation search table opened, described two United States Patent (USP)s are assigned to the applicant.

It, can be based on the Mangrove for multistage complete well and volume increase design in example disclosed herein^TMWith Kinetix^TMSoftware models to execute the row of returning, and the design is suitable for specific geology, geochemistry and the geomechanical condition of well. MPFM technology, such as the Vx Spectra that can be bought from Schlumberger can be used^TMMPFM, continuously to monitor reality The well stream on border, accurately to be captured during FPDO and the row of returning are operated (for example, during being flowed early stage in the service life of well) The quick transient change of fluid produced and sand content.In real time or substantially in real time by dynamic fluid and solids ratio information Coil pipe (CT) unit is transferred to enable well operator to guide and manage injection, return rate and pressure and optimize inflow-stream Equilibrium condition out.The accurate fluid and solid provided during FPDO and the row of returning are operated by the combination of MPFM and conducting probe Rate of discharge measurement result realizes the active control for having guidance to CT injection parameter and wellhead restriction, so that well is maintained at institute circle Pressure break connectivity is protected in fixed safety operation envelope and is increased productivity.

In example disclosed herein, it can simplify and enhance use using conducting probe during FPDO is operated MPFM is (for example, Vx Spectra^TMMPFM the quality of independent phase flow rate rate measurement result).By using MPFM come in real time or (for example, under high data sampling frequency) pressure and flow are monitored substantially in real time (for example, during fluid flows through MPFM) Rate can further identify the variation of well performance.The another exemplary purposes of system and method disclosed herein is produced by monitoring Water salinity variation (for example, water chemistry substance), it is described variation instruction FPDO and the row of returning operate progress.

In order to more accurately monitor the rate of discharge of heterogeneous fluid and substantially reduce or eliminate in FPDO and the row of returning behaviour The needs of the post-processing of the MPFM data obtained during work, example disclosed herein provide to change automatic of brine salinities and Continuously or substantially continuous tracking.In some disclosed examples, MPFM is monitored substantially in real time (for example, in high data Under sampling frequency) pressure and rate of discharge to be to further determine that the variation of well performance.In some disclosed examples, visited using conductance The variation that needle tracking brine salinities change makes it possible to detect the presence (for example, clearing up with monitoring well) of sand slug.

Fig. 2 illustrates the first exemplary conductance probe system 200 comprising MPFM 202 is (for example, Vx Spectra^TM ) and the conducting probe 204 that is mounted at the blind threeway entrance 206 (for example, end flange) of MPFM 202 MPFM.As this paper is public Open, the deployment of MPFM 202 and conducting probe 204 realize during FPDO and the row's of returning operation to well fluids (for example, gas, oil and Water) and/or solid independent phase liquid holdup (for example, the intracorporal each phase of stream crossed by gamma ray or radiation, x-ray beam Fractional part) and rate of discharge improved measurement.In some instances, MPFM 202 and conducting probe 204 can be used for detecting The presence of solid (for example, sand) slug.

As represented by the arrow 208,210 in Fig. 2, flowed between the entrance 212 and outlet 214 of fluid conduit systems 215 Fluid flows through conducting probe 204 and MPFM 202.Exemplary MPFM 202 generate fluid liquid holdup data, rate of discharge data and/ Or other data of fluid.The salt water conductivity data of the generation fluid of conducting probe 204.In the figure 2 example, conducting probe 204 measure salt water conductivity data substantially in real time during fluid flows body canal 215.In some instances, conductance Probe 204 essentially continuously collects data during fluid stream.In other examples, conducting probe 204 with it is predefined when Between interval (for example, based on user set) collect data.As discussed above, salt water conductivity data be about fluid (for example, Water) salinity.In the figure 2 example, conducting probe data are supplied to data processor 216.

The exemplary data processor 216 of Fig. 2 is communicated with MPFM 202 and conducting probe 204.In addition to what is be illustrated in Figure 2 Except content, the exemplary conductance probe system 200 of Fig. 2 may include data processor 216.For example, in some instances, electricity Leading probe system 200 includes data processor, and the data processor is used to that data to be received and/or handled from conducting probe 204, Conducting probe data are transferred to processor 216 later.

The exemplary data processor 216 of Fig. 2 includes probe data analyzer 218.Determining pair of probe data analyzer 218 Correction, modification and/or the calibration of water are to modify the data measured by MPFM 202, such as gamma ray water fade.Probe data Analyzer 218 by according to the salt water conductivity data collected by conducting probe 204 and the data point reuse of determination is transferred to data Manage the MPFM data analyzer 220 of device 216.220 use of MPFM data analyzer is received by MPFM 202 and/or conducting probe 204 The data of collection are to generate the output of fluid flow data.The fluid flow data output may include the corresponding phase of (for example) fluid One or more fluid liquid holdups and rate of discharge (for example, oil stream dose rate, air-flow dose rate, water flow dose rate).In some instances, The MPFM data analyzer 220 of Fig. 2 detects the presence of solid and/or sand slug and based on by MPFM 202 and/or conductance spy The data that needle 204 is collected determine efflux of solids dose rate.The output of data processor 216 may include air-flow dose rate measurement result, Oil stream dose rate measurement result, water flow dose rate measurement result, solid and/or sand slug identification and/or solid/sand flow dose rate.

In some instances, probe data analyzer 218 determines slope of the variation of salinity relative to the time, this can refer to Show reservoir property, such as the variation of pressure break chemical substance/geometrical relationship, and can be used for generating data output, such as pressure break The identification in stage.Therefore, compared with the known example of Fig. 1, the conducting probe 204 of Fig. 2 provides the real-time monitoring to salinity situation, And eliminate or substantially eliminate the needs of manual sampling and the post-processing to MPFM data.

Fig. 3 explanation includes MPFM 302 (for example, Vx Spectra^TM) and the second exemplary electrical of conducting probe 304 MPFM Lead probe system 300.In the example of fig. 3, conducting probe 304 is arranged at the vertical ends flange 306 of MPFM 302.Scheming In 3 example, conducting probe 304 is arranged at vertical ends flange 306 to reduce the entering by fluid conduit systems 311 in fluid stream (such as indicate) sand accumulation in conducting probe by the arrow of Fig. 3 312,314 when conducting probe 304 between mouthfuls 308 and outlet 310 Chance on 304 measurement surface.The exemplary conductance probe system 300 of Fig. 3 includes one or more data processors, such as The data processor 216 of Fig. 2, to handle the salt water conductivity data measured by conducting probe 304 and/or be measured by MPFM 302 Fluid flow data, to generate the output of one or more fluid flow data.In the example of fig. 3, data processor 216 The (for example) liquid holdup of well fluids (for example, gas, grease) and rate of discharge are exported during FPDO and the row's of returning operation and/or detection is solid Body/sand slug, substantially as above in association with disclosed in Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 illustrates to be visited according to the additional exemplary conductance including MPFM and conducting probe of the introduction of the disclosure Needle system.As shown in Figure 4, the exemplary conductance probe system 400 of third includes MPFM 402 and is arranged under MPFM 402 The conducting probe 404 of trip.In some instances, downstream and/or the sand separator/capture of flow controller is arranged in conducting probe 404 The downstream of device (or trap), wherein flow controller and/or sand separator be located at MPFM 402 downstream (that is, MPFM 402 with Between conducting probe 404).

Fig. 5 illustrate include MPFM 502 and be arranged in MPFM 502 upstream conducting probe 504 the 4th exemplary electrical Lead probe system 500.The exemplary system 400,500 of Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 provides the substantially real-time prison of the variation to salinity water It surveys.The conducting probe data generated by the conducting probe 404,504 of Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 can be provided to one or more data Device is managed, to realize to the independent phase liquid holdup of well fluids (for example, gas, oil, water) and the improved measurement of rate of discharge, and/or is made Solid and/or sand slug can be detected during FPDO and the row's of returning operation by obtaining, as discussed above in association with Fig. 2 and Fig. 3.At other In example, conducting probe may be coupled to the sliding rail opened with MPFM points.

It in some instances, can be based on (for example) by the measurement of the conducting probe of Fig. 2 to Fig. 5 204,304,404,504 Data are executed on ground and are surveyed by single-phase flowmeter or multi-phase flowmeter (for example, MPFM 202,302,402,502 of Fig. 2 to Fig. 5) The calculating of the rate of discharge of amount corrects.Therefore, example data disclosed herein analysis can by underground, on ground or combinations thereof The data processor (for example, data processor 216 of Fig. 2 and Fig. 3) of setting executes.In some instances, based on using single-phase Or data collected by the conducting probe 204,304,404,504 of multi-phase flowmeter and/or Fig. 2 to Fig. 5 and the rate of discharge that measures It can be used for controlling the manually and/or automatically triggering to sampling operation.

It, can although illustrating the exemplary approach of implementation exemplary system 200,300,400,500 into Fig. 5 in Fig. 2 It combines, divide, rearrange, omit, eliminate and/or implements to want in Fig. 2 to illustrated in fig. 5 in a manner of through any other One or more of element, process and/or device.In addition, the exemplary MPFM 202 of Fig. 2 to Fig. 5,302,402,502, example Property conducting probe 204,304,404,504, it is exemplary data processor 216, exemplary MPFM data analyzer 220, exemplary Probe data analyzer 218 and/or more generally exemplary conductance probe system 200,300,400,500 can be by hardware, soft Any combination of part, firmware and/or hardware, software and/or firmware is implemented.Thus, for example, the exemplary MPFM of Fig. 2 to Fig. 5 202,302,402,502, exemplary conducting probe 204,304,404,504, exemplary data processor 216, exemplary MPFM Data analyzer 220, exemplary probe data analyzer 218 and/or more generally exemplary conductance probe system 200,300, 400,500 can be implemented by the following: one or more analog or digital circuits, programmable processor, can be compiled logic circuit Range controller, graphics processing unit (GPU), digital signal processor (DSP), specific integrated circuit (ASIC), programmable logic Device (PLD) and/or field programmable logic device (FPLD).When appointing in the equipment or system claims for reading this patent When one covers pure software and/or firmware implementation, herein by the exemplary MPFM of Fig. 2 to Fig. 5 202,302,402,502, Exemplary conducting probe 204,304,404,504, exemplary data processor 216, exemplary MPFM data analyzer 220, show Example property probe data analyzer 218 and/or more generally at least one in exemplary conductance probe system 200,300,400,500 Person is clearly defined as including non-transitory computer readable storage means or storage dish, such as memory, digital versatile disc (DVD), compact disk (CD), Blu-ray disc etc., the non-transitory computer readable storage means or storage dish include software And/or firmware.In addition, the exemplary conductance probe system 200,300,400,500 of Fig. 2 to Fig. 5 may include one or more Element, process and/or device using as the supplement or substitution in Fig. 2 to element illustrated in fig. 5, process and/or device, and/ It or may include that one of any one of illustrated element, process and device are above or whole.As used herein, short Language " communication " (including its variation) covers direct communication and/or by the indirect communication of one or more intermediate members, and not It is required that direct physics (for example, wired) communicates and/or communicate always, but it is additionally included in periodic intervals, arranged Selective communication under, aperiodic spacing and/or disposable event.

The performance of expected change of salinity that the exemplary conducting probe 204,304,404,504 of Fig. 2 to Fig. 5 identifies, which can be used, is Caused by four principal phenomenas: 1) making the water with the salinity different from the salinity for the water being present in well and/or frac system The circulation in coil pipe (CT)；2) water is generated from the oil leak of some salt of stratum leaching from；3) reservoir water, the reservoir water are generated Salinity may be affected by being mixed with the water injected from adjacent well or area；And 4) by low salinity water In injection well annular space, to dissolve the precipitating of the salt in pipe and be allowed to circulate through the port in well.First phenomenon is quick And be limited to FPDO.During second phenomenon is present in FPDO and the row's of returning operation.Third phenomenon is generally limited to the row of returning or life Produce the latter half in period.4th phenomenon is after the repair action in high salinity stratum with recovery/protection stream productivity.

In some instances, the sample that can collect the water of injection from sink at coil pipe, aspirates Yu Jingzhong later.It is described Sample is used as initial reference, and the water of the sample is not present in will be moved by the water of coil pipe end injected in well The water of position.Sample fluid can be different from the end of hydraulic fracturing work used displacement fluid (for example, in closing well Fluid in pit shaft), so as to cause the intimate instant variation (higher or lower) of the salinity when FPDO starts.In addition, can By according to occurring these variations of the fluid chemistry of the fluid mixture recycled in a manner of gradually, because due to same phenomenon (for example, due to mixed with the plug trapped to clog circulation caused by pit shaft fluid chemistry variation) and bore open Each plug.

When completing the hydraulic fracturing operations in each stage, the well completion fluid in that stage starts to interact with stratum And change chemical substance.In general, this leads to the increase of salinity, but have also been observed that contrary circumstance.This change of chemical substance Change is that (concentration is relative to t for time dependence^1/2Linear change), because this is that connate water in stimulation fluid and volume increase area is mixed The result (and in some cases, the result of this or dissolving salt) of conjunction, as discussed herein.Due to this phenomenon, it is contemplated that Mei Gejie Subtle variation will be present in the chemical substance of section.These variations lead to during FPDO the recycle stream when brill opens each follow-up phase The different variations of the salinity of body.The conducting probe that adds in-linely in the exemplary conductance probe system 200 of Fig. 2 is realized to these Appropriate identification/calibration of variation, and assist in identifying the stage relative to design change (for example, different pressure break chemical substances Or geometrical relationship).

The variation of generated water chemistry substance continues the period of several weeks to several months, this depends on stimulation fluid and connate water Between salinity difference and formation parameter (for example, water penetration, porosity etc.).Due to time dependence high reproducibility it is flat Root, most of salinity altercations appear in the production cycle earlier, this is when being usually deployed MPFM.Via disclosed herein Conducting probe (for example, conducting probe 204,304,404,504 of Fig. 2 to Fig. 5) continuously or substantially connecting to salinity altercation Continuous monitoring allows to come with improvement via identification/characterization to this phenomenon in each well relative to gamma ray water fade It calibrates MPFM (for example, MPFM 202,302,402,502 of Fig. 2 to Fig. 5).

When production continues to the latter half of production cycle, the aforementioned variation of water chemistry substance may be due to pressure It splits the variation of geometrical relationship and deviates.In known system (for example, known system 100 of Fig. 1), usually via artificial water Sampling and analysis are to identify this phenomenon.However, it is possible to use conducting probe (for example, the conducting probe 204 of Fig. 2 to Fig. 5,304, 404,504) based on continuous or base to generated water conductivity/salinity (for example, multiphase flow under the conditions of in series measure) The continuous variation monitored to identify water chemistry substance in sheet.In some instances, periodical water-simple chemical object can be collected Matter is analyzed to verify or generate conductivity-salinity model, or can install ion-selective electrode to monitor at any time individually Ion concentration variation.The detection of salinity altercation is made it possible to update brine density, is calculated using the brine density Bottom pressure in workflow.

The exemplary conducting probe 204,304,404,504 of Fig. 2 to Fig. 5 can be used in other kinds of application, example Such as cycle applications, injection application, flow applications, pipeline application, coil pipe milling application, rate of discharge correction/calculating application, Yi Jili Son composition determines.In cycle applications, the establishment fluid circulation between decanting point and reentry point, and conducting probe (or it is such The combination of probe) monitoring it is each place or fluidised form in stream.Well may include underground piping, wherein several discharge pipes or bifurcated that This connection.There may be several discharge pipes for being connected to well.Exemplary cycle is applied including (for example) drilling well, coiled tubing drilling, disk Pipe milling, coil pipe monitoring, return to acidification, return to pressure break, to the coil pipe or tubes clean of well, direct circulation to shift the stream in well Body, recycled back are to shift between the fluid in well, steam circulation, annular space leak detection and well or do between discharge pipe or in well Disturb monitoring and test (during production, injection or volume increase).

The another exemplary application packet of the exemplary conducting probe 204,304,404,504 of Fig. 2 to Fig. 5 wherein can be used Injection application, such as the injection of water consistency, water, gas injection, oil/gas storage, water storage, steam injection, quality of steam monitoring are included, And it handles up and (gulps down part).Handle up and refer to cyclic process, wherein using recycling enhancing fluid injection wells, and soak cycle it Afterwards, well is made to resume production.Flow applications may include (for example) water monitoring (including first water), tracer monitoring, handle up and (spit portion Point).Pipeline application may include the fluid displacement and pipe cleaner label/monitoring (for example) in pipeline.

In coil pipe milling application, water is used as with and without the drilling well of additive and/or motive fluid to drill multistage Embolism in fractured well.Geologic structure may will affect some fluids of various compositions, including that may have the water of different salinity. The variation of salinity can be because of water naturally doped with some salt, or the people of the initial salinity due to having changed water in situ Work intervention.The variation of salinity may be because the presence of water is to be related to the knot of the prior operation for the water that injection has different salinity Fruit, wherein salinity may have been changed over time in injection period or salinity in water is present in stratum, the pressure break of initiation or well It may change when in cylinder.The injection of water may in same well and/or discharge pipe or from different discharge pipe or A combination thereof or different wells.It is injected by the collection of exemplary conducting probe 204,304,404,504 via Fig. 2 to Fig. 5 The measurement result of the conductivity of water and generated water conductivity can be inferred that following exemplary parameter: the water phase injected For the relative ratios of generated water, the position of generated water inlet, the water contacted with stratum leaching dynamics, with And the efficiency of water displacement.

The another exemplary application packet of the exemplary conducting probe 204,304,404,504 of Fig. 2 to Fig. 5 wherein can be used It includes and determines that ion forms by conductivity data.For example, when with the periodic sample of generated water and chemical analysis group When conjunction, the conductivity of fluid can be used to be inferred to the variation of composition at any time during aforementioned applications in water.

The row of returning of illustrative well analyzes

It is flat in rock when treatment fluid interacts with the rock surface to split recently during hydraulic fracturing process Weighing apparatus condition is interfered.Such as the combination of the factors such as the reaction of high pressure, good wetability, clay and Thief zone gesture can cause to press Rip current body is largely drawn into reservoir.The sucking of this relatively fresh water leads to the interference to local chemical equilibrium.In connate water When being diluted, some solid fossil matter dissolve and make connate water more rich in associated ion, such as Ca+2 ion and CO3-2 Ion.In synchronizing process, the dilution of connate water also results in the variation of the adsorbed cation on surface of clay.This is because The referred to as process of valence dilution effect, this is the charge balance preference polyvalent cation by surface of clay more than univalent cation The effect driven.Fracturing fluid due to water use again or clay reaction Consideration and in the case where full of salt, clay is former Unboiled water balance may be interfered further.

Finally, a large amount of salt that the dilution of connate water is had in neighbouring rock is offset.This causes in fracture zone nearby Total salt concentration gentle increase.It returns the gentle increase of draining salinity at any time and shows this effect, usually show at any time Subduplicate linearly increasing (that is, diffusion limitation).

Fig. 6 is the exemplary graph 600 of chloride concentration and pipe pressure at any time.First well (well A) and the second well The situ measurements of the chloride concentration of (well B) show the variation in the slope of the row of returning period midway.This can indicate company, institute The variation of the pressure break geometrical relationship connect.As shown in Figure 6, first well and second well are all in about 1,700 pound/square English Show the variation of chemical behavior under the pipe pressure of very little (5,400 pounds/square inch of bottom pressures).

As shown in the curve graph 600 of Fig. 6, the first well (well A) and the second well (well B) show the linear trend of slope variation (the wherein agency that chloride Cl- is salinity), but slope changes in the row's of returning period midway.It is examined when together with additional chemical data When worry, the variation of this conducting pressure break geometrical relationship of variation instruction during the row's of returning period of two wells.

In operation, the slope variation of the chloride concentration observed in Fig. 6 can correspond in returning draining observe To chemical substance change (being not shown in Fig. 6).The a large amount of ions for showing this variation of chemical substance at transition point can be with It is the result of the variation of pressure break geometrical relationship.As discussed herein, it returns draining chemical substance constantly to change at any time, because of pressure break net Fluid and formation chemistry material balance in network.This process may take up the several months in some reservoirs, and feature is by pressing It splits geometrical relationship and reservoir contacts the constant-slope defined.Fig. 6 the first well (well A) (and according to live chloride measure tie The second well (well B) of fruit) in the case where, it is only such case within period short period, later, the data exhibiting goes out difference Slope.In addition, this variation of chemical behavior and 1,700 pounds/square inch of pipe pressure or 5,400 pounds/square inch The variation (not shown) of the production performance of bottom pressure (Fig. 6) and well is consistent.The change of pressure break geometrical relationship is directed toward in such variation The mechanism (that is, the closure for the pressure break geometrical relationship previously contributed) of change or the generated stream in the region from slightly insufficient pressure The contribution of body.

Use the MPFM execute-in-place of conducting probe

The exemplary execute-in-place for being related to MPFM (for example, MPFM 202,302,402,502 of Fig. 2 to Fig. 5) is related to MPFM Assembly/installation (for example, by operator) and flow calibration.Conducting probe (for example, the conducting probe 204 of Fig. 2 to Fig. 5,304, 404,504) it can be set at the end flange of the blind threeway entrance of MPFM (for example, as in the figure 2 example), vertical blind three It (is asked if there is relevant to pressure or sand at logical end flange (for example, as in the example of fig. 3) or the downstream of flow controller It inscribes (for example, being discussed in conjunction with Fig. 4)).

The sample of injected water can be collected (for example, before the operation).With conducting probe 204,304,404, NaCl salt water conductivity/salt can be used in 504 associated data processors (for example, data processor 216 of Fig. 2 and Fig. 3) The default look-up table of relationship between degree and gamma-ray mass attenuation.Such as United States Patent (USP) No.6,831,470 and United States Patent (USP) No.9 disclosed in 528,869, can use verifying in situ to execute before the operation basicly and come from previous well or previous The water of the salt substance of water mixing.

In exemplary execute-in-place, pressure test is executed using CT (coil pipe) water.CT extends in hole.Even if not taking out Fluid is inhaled, it also will be due to injecting (for example) steel CT in well and there are the returns of water in streamline.During circulation, it can observe To weight hydrocarbon (for example, having close to 1000kg/m³Density) slug.Oil slug may last for several minutes and It may include the grease of 100% (or substantially 100%) (for example, the slug can be lubricant relevant to CT or displacement The well completion operations of well out).Wherein slug be substantially completely grease period usually followed by 30 minutes or longer time 100% (or substantially 100%) water.

In exemplary execute-in-place, the variation of salt water conductivity may trigger the collection to water sample (for example, using Manual or automaticization of sampler samples).Such sample provides the instruction of the circulation of the fluid inside pit shaft and the state of displacement. Trigger mechanism can be based on being considered as calculating acceptable specific (for example, predefined) for water, oil, gas and solids rate Uncertainty threshold on samples it is horizontal.

In exemplary operation, the net fluid volume generated by stratum/pressure break is provided to CT control unit in real time.It can To calculate net fluid volume according to both following difference: by MPFM ground survey and according to by conducting probe 204, 304,404,504 tracking current brine salinities and according to bottom pressure and the corrected fluid always generated of temperature condition； And the volume injected in CT.In some instances, operator is (pre- under downhole condition or in controlled uneven condition Definition or in operation optimize) under keep FPDO be in balance (no inflow, no outflow).

In exemplary execute-in-place, 204,304,404,504 pairs of brine salinities variations of conducting probe of Fig. 2 to Fig. 5 Substantially real-time tracking is used for MPFM detection sand.For example, if there is the condition (section usually at ground is flowed into Appearance when stream device control may have challenge), it is transported after advancing from bottom then operator may observe to ground The slug of the sand in face.The rate of discharge that operator can be such that these events are monitored to instant underbalance is related.There may be following Situation: well underbalance (flow into condition) but still will remain in the security of safety operation envelope (SOE) or retain pressure break with In the combination of the operating parameter of relationship between pit shaft.In these examples, sand will not be observed on ground or substantially observe Less than sand.In the example in the first area that wherein operation is moved to SOE, it can be observed that shorter sand happens suddenly.If shown Example property operation is moved in the second area of SOE, then it can be observed that having larger amount of longer sand event.If as behaviour Sand is observed when work person is desirably in the third region of SOE, then can recalibrate and readjust model to protect behaviour Make envelope.

In exemplary operation, it can essentially exactly quantify sand production based on sand mass flow.Sand event may Continue (for example) 30 seconds to 10 minutes.However, fracture job should not be operated under continuous sand working condition.The example of sand detection Property threshold value can be 0.5 mass %.In some instances, threshold value can be the sand production that 1-kg is detected in one minute.It lifts For example, observed during the test using conducting probe, salimity measurement result is not largely by water The presence of the sand of suspension influences.Therefore, the sand of generated specific quantity will not significantly affect the volume of generated fluid It calculates.In some instances, if it is observed that the variation of sand and/or salinity, then estimation moisture content and/or gas/oil ratio It (GOR) may be valuable.

In exemplary operation, water density measurement result can be monitored to use pipeline pressure simulation model, shaft bottom is provided The more accurate calculating of pressure condition.The variation of salinity can also be the expression of the variation of density.Detecting salinity altercation (example Such as, based on from the data that conducting probe 204,304,404,504 obtains) after, look-up table can be used to correct (for example) water The density of phase is to calculate bottom pressure.

In exemplary operation, aforementioned field data can be transmitted as a stream to associated in real time or substantially in real time Software component (for example, being implemented by one or more data processors such as the data processor 216 of Fig. 2 and Fig. 3).Some In example, field data is stored in one or more positions based on cloud and/or is arranged in single report.

Correction to the MPFM gamma ray measurement result of conducting probe

As represented by Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, data processor 216 be based on by MPFM (for example, the MPFM 202 of Fig. 2 to Fig. 5, 302,402,502) data of measurement determine the one or more characteristics of heterogeneous fluid, such as oil, gas and water and solid/sand Independent phase liquid holdup and rate of discharge.It can be calculated by the measured counting rate collected by MPFM, pressure and temperature data Attenuation coefficient.Attenuation coefficient can be stored in the memory of data processor 216.Moreover, as being disclosed herein, Can by data processor 216 by using attenuation coefficient and other parameters (for example, temperature and expression are from conducting probe system The parameter for the complex dielectric permittivity that the measurement result of (as be disclosed herein) obtains) between one or more correlations be based on from electricity The salt water conductivity and/or salimity measurement result for leading probe (for example, conducting probe 204,304,404,504 of Fig. 2 to Fig. 5) come Adjust attenuation coefficient.

The exemplary MPFM 202,302,402,502 of Fig. 2 to Fig. 5 may include the transmitter and detector of electromagnetic radiation, The transmitter and detector make it possible to measure one of the fluid conduit systems 215,311 along MPFM 202,302,402,502 Shunt the attenuation data (for example, measurement section of fluid conduit systems) of dynamic fluid.Some electromagnetic radiation are absorbed by fluid, but described A part of electromagnetic radiation is received by detector.Transmitter can produce any suitable frequency in electromagnetic spectrum and energy Electromagnetic radiation.For example, in some instances, the transmitter includes the one or more radiation for emitting gamma ray and X-ray Property source.Other examples may include on-radiation transmitter, such as electronic X-ray emitter.

The transmitter and detector of the exemplary MPFM 202,302,402,502 of Fig. 2 to Fig. 5 can be positioned at fluid and lead On the opposite side of pipe, for example, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 fluid conduit systems 215,311 a part (for example, measurement section) on.It can basis Beer-Lambert law measures the linear attenuation coefficient λ of the gamma ray under given ENERGY E or the fluid of x-ray electromagnetic radiation_m (E):

Wherein d is the diameter that will radiate the part for the fluid conduit systems 215,311 being directed across, and N (E) is transmitted photon Amount (by the counting rate or quantity of the photon that detector detects) and N_o(E) be blank pipe counting rate (fluid conduit systems 215, There is no the meeting emitted in the case where fluid from transmitter to reach the quantity of the photon of detector in 311 measurement section).

The fluid analyzed can have multiple phases.For example, the fluid, which can be, has oily phase, aqueous phase, gas The heterogeneous fluid of phase and solid (sand) phase.Heterogeneous fluid is by every in its phase to the decaying of gamma ray or x-ray electromagnetic radiation The linear combination to decay caused by one (by their proportion weighted in fluid).With a certain of gas, oil, water and solid In the case where combined fluid, this can be write:

λ_m(E)=λ_g(E)α_g+λ_o(E)α_o+λ_w(E)α_w+λ_s(E)α_s (2)

Wherein λ_g(E)、λ_o(E)、λ_w(E) and λ_sIt (E) is gas, oil, water and solid under the radiation of given energy level E Attenuation coefficient and α_g、α_o、α_wAnd α_sIt is that the stream analyzed that is crossed by gamma ray or radiation, x-ray beam is intracorporal each The corresponding fractional part (also known as phase content or phase fraction) of phase.This provide with from exemplary MPFM 202,302,402, The equation of the number of different-energy level in the electromagnetic radiation of 502 transmitter as many (further contemplates all phases to contain One) rate adds up to.For include MPFM (for example, exemplary conductance probe system 200,300,400,500 of Fig. 2 to Fig. 5) with Show at least three different energy levels properly select radioactive source (for example,¹³³Barium) system, can obtain with Lower linear equation group:

4 × 4 damping moments more than being obtained from the full duct survey result (reference hereinafter referred to as in situ) in each phase Battle array A (that is, including the matrix of the phase particular decay coefficient under three energy levels suitably selected), or theoretical system can be used Number.It then mathematically can directly or indirectly invert this damping matrix and (provide view in Inverted matrix A^-1) mutually contained with calculating Rate:

It should be noted that matrix A contains the linear attenuation coefficient λ of all independent phases_i(E_j) (i=' o ', ' g ', ' w ', ' s '；J= 1,2,3).Change if fluid properties exist relative to the value referred in situ, such as salinity water sal (by weight percentage) Variation, then this will lead to brine quality attenuation coefficient mu_w(E_j) variation, following (wherein μ_H2OAnd μ_{Salt-substance}It is in pure water and water Salt substance (for example, sodium chloride nacl) mass attentuation coefficient),

μ_w(E_j)=(1-sal) × μ_H2O(E_j)+sal×μ_{Salt-substance}(E_j) (5a)

Δμ_w(E_j)=(μ_{Salt-substance}(E_j)μ_H2O(E_j))Δsal (5b)

And therefore, salt water linear attenuation coefficient λ_w(E_j) variation will be present:

λ_w(E_j)=ρ_w(sal；P, T) × μ_w(E_j) (6a)

Δλ_w(E_j)=ρ_w(sal；P, T) × Δ μ_w(E_j)+Δρ_w(sal；P, T) × μ_w(E_j) (6b)

Wherein ρ_w(sal；P, T) be salt water density, this also depends on pressure p and temperature.It can to the detection of salinity altercation To realize update to brine density, using it is described more newly arrive calculate MPFM mixture density and individual rate of discharge (for example, by Data processor 216) and workflow in bottom pressure to be modeled to fractured well.

If equation (4) implies, if salt water linear attenuation coefficient λ_w(E_j) there is no updating, then individual calculating Phase content α_iError will be present when (i=' o ', ' g ', ' w ', ' s ').This may cause directly proportional with corresponding individually phase content Independent phase volume (or quality) rate of discharge error.

The exemplary conducting probe 204,304,404,504 of Fig. 2 to Fig. 5 can provide under multiphase flow situation to salt water power The measurement of online (for example, substantially real-time and/or substantially continuous) of conductance, and therefore the change to brine salinities sal is provided The online tracing of change, to make brine quality attenuation coefficient mu according to equation (5) to (6)_w(E_j) and salt water linear attenuation coefficient λ_w(E_j) correction.

In some instances, it can be realized by RF/ microwave transmission sensor, reflective sensor and/or resonance sensor The conducting probe of Fig. 2 to Fig. 5.In these examples, what the determination of salt water conductivity and/or salinity can be measured based on interpretation Multiphase flow mixture complex dielectric permittivity (ε^*=ε '-j ε ") method, such as in United States Patent (USP) No.6, disclosed in 831,470 Method.It discusses in conjunction with Fig. 7 to Fig. 9 in conjunction with the method and uses radio frequency (RF)/microwave opening-axis reflector probe.

In the conducting probe system 200,300,400,500 of Fig. 2 to Fig. 5, measured rich water stream mixture is being given In the case where complex dielectric permittivity ratio (ε "/ε ') and measured stream temperature T and pressure p, salt water dielectric model can be used To determine (for example, passing through interpolation) directly multiphase flow brine salinities (s) and/or salt water dc- conductivity (σ dc) and brine density ρ_wWith mass attentuation coefficient μ (E).

The illustrative methods of Fig. 7 to Fig. 9 include that probe is calibrated using at least three reference fluids, the reference fluid example The salt water of for example dry air, fresh water and appropriate salinity (and can be short circuit metal to cover highly effective water conduction shape Condition).In the case where providing dc conductivity and temperature (being measured by laboratory conductivity sensor) of those calibration water, salt water is situated between Electric model (function of the salt substance of salinity water, such as NaCl, temperature, pressure and RF/ microwave frequency) can provide those water The reference value of complex dielectric permittivity (needed for probe correction).

In the illustrative methods of Fig. 7 to Fig. 9, same salt water dielectric model can be mapped (for several pressure, salt object Matter), to establish under one or more selected RF/ microwave frequencies salt water complex dielectric permittivity ratio (ε "/ε ') with salinity The correlation become with temperature.In the illustrative methods of Fig. 7 to Fig. 9, the rich water multiphase measured by RF/ microwave probe is being provided It flows mixture complex dielectric permittivity ratio (ε "/ε ')_MixtureAnd in the case where the stream temperature measured by temperature probe, the phase established Closing property is for determining the brine salinities of multiphase flow by interpolation.

For calibrate probe and interpret complex dielectric permittivity ratio measured by probe salt water dielectric model from consistency Generate steady water-salinity (and conductivity) estimation.The data by using the fresh water slug detected can be executed to MPFM (for example, MPFM 202,302,402,502 of Fig. 2 to Fig. 5) and/or conducting probe are (for example, the conducting probe of Fig. 2 to Fig. 5 204,304,404,504) potential calibrated in situ and/or verifying.

Fig. 7 is the flow chart for determining the illustrative methods 700 of salt water conductivity and/or salinity.Analysis can be passed through It is situated between again using multiphase flow mixture measured by conducting probe (for example, conducting probe 204,304,404,504 of Fig. 2 to Fig. 5) Electric constant implements illustrative methods 700.As discussed above, in the example of the method for Fig. 7 700, conducting probe be can be Radio frequency (RF)/microwave opening-axis reflector probe.Can by being located at ground, one or more numbers of underground or combinations thereof Implement the illustrative methods 700 of Fig. 7 according to processor (for example, data processor 216 of Fig. 2 and Fig. 3).

Referring to Fig. 7, illustrative methods 700 include relative to ambient temperature range in one group of characterization/pre-calibration temperature in advance Spend T_RFUnder so that RF plate associated with RF probe (including one or more measurement electronic device) is stablized (frame 702).

The illustrative methods 700 of Fig. 7 are included in measurement RF probe stream mixture data (frame 704) under frequency f.RF is measured to visit Needle stream mixture data may include (for example) obtaining reflection path signal V via RF probe_RCWith incident path signal V_MC.Show Example property method 700 includes calculating compensated reflection signal ρ (frame 706).The reflection signal ρ compensated may be calculated:

The illustrative methods 700 of Fig. 7 include in stable temperature T_RFLower application RF plate correction factor (E_d,E_s,E_f) to calculate Corrected reflectioncoefficientг (frame 708).It can be by RF plate correction factor (E_d,E_s,E_f) be considered as in RF plate electronic device factory school The first group of correction factor obtained between meeting the deadline, and it is stored in the memory communicated with the data processor 216 of Fig. 2 and/or Fig. 3 In (as combine Fig. 8 discuss).Corrected reflectioncoefficientг can be calculated are as follows:

The illustrative methods 700 of Fig. 7 include multiple to calculate stream-mixture using the flow calibration coefficient (A, B) of RF probe Permittivity ε^*((frame 710).Flow calibration coefficient (A, B) can be considered as and be obtained during factory calibration or at well site Second group of correction factor, and be stored in the memory communicated with the data processor 216 of Fig. 2 and/or Fig. 3 (as combine Fig. 9 is discussed).It can be by stream-mixture complex dielectric permittivity ε^*It calculates are as follows:

The illustrative methods 700 of Fig. 7 include processing stream-mixture complex dielectric permittivity ε^*Time series data is to determine rich water Flow dielectric constant ratio(frame 712).

The illustrative methods 700 of Fig. 7 include measurement fluid temperature (F.T.) T and pressure p (for example, via temperature and pressure sensor) (frame 714).The illustrative methods 700 of Fig. 7 include that salt water dielectric model is used as the function of temperature, pressure and salt substance to calculate Brine salinities s (frame 716).The salt water dielectric model can be stored in and be communicated with the data processor 216 of Fig. 2 and/or Fig. 3 Memory in.Brine salinities s can be calculated as follows:

In some instances, dc conductivityσ can also be calculated_dc。

The illustrative methods 700 of Fig. 7 include calculating brine density ρ according to salinity s_w(frame 718).Fluid pressure can be used P and temperature T is as input to calculate brine density ρ_w.Illustrative methods 700 include being calculated using (for example) above equation (5a) Brine quality attenuation coefficient mu (E) (frame 720) under gamma ray energy band (E).The illustrative methods 700 of Fig. 7 end to update gal Horse ray salt water calibration point (frame 722).

Fig. 8 is in one or more RF plate thermal stable temperature T_RFThe lower determining conducting probe RF plate for combining Fig. 7 to discuss Error correction factor (E_d,E_s, E_f) illustrative methods 800 flow chart.Can by being located at ground, underground or combinations thereof One or more data processors (for example, data processor 216 of Fig. 2 and Fig. 3) implement the illustrative methods 800 of Fig. 8.

The illustrative methods 800 of Fig. 8 are included in temperature T_RFUnder keep RF plate (including one or more measurement electronic device) steady Fixed (frame 802).The illustrative methods 800 of Fig. 8 include the corresponding calibration load (frame 804) being sequentially connected at RF probe.It is described Calibration load includes and Г_ocAssociated open circuit (" oc ") and reference value Г_scIt is associated short circuit (" sc "), and with reference Value Г_zoAssociated matched load (" zo ").

The illustrative methods 800 of Fig. 8 include obtaining signal data, including reflection path signal V via RF probe_RCAnd incidence Path signal V_MC(frame 806).The illustrative methods 800 of Fig. 8 include calculating by incident path signal V_MCThe reflection signal of compensation (frame 808).Can be used above equation (7) calculate by incident path signal compensation reflection signal (that is,For (oc, sc, zo))

The illustrative methods 800 of Fig. 8 include calculating RF plate error correction factor (E_d, E_s, E_f) (frame 810).It can count as follows Calculate RF plate error correction factor (E_d, E_s, E_f):

E_d=ρ_zo (12)

E_s=Func_Es(Γ_sc, Γ_oc；ρ_sc, ρ_oc,ρ_zo) (13)

E_f=Func_Ef(Γ_sc, Γ_oc；ρ_sc, ρ_oc, ρ_zo) (14)

Illustrative methods 800 include that will be directed to specific temperature T_RFRF plate error correction factor (E_d,E_s, E_f) be stored in At the memory that the data processor 216 of Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 communicates (frame 812).

RF plate error correction factor (E can be used_d, E_s, E_f) calculate corrected reflectioncoefficientг, such as combine equation (8) and Fig. 7 discusses (for example, at frame 708).

Fig. 9 be for determine combine Fig. 7 discuss conducting probe flow calibration coefficient (A, B) (that is, second group of correction because Son) illustrative methods 900 flow chart.It can be by being located at ground, at one or more data of underground or combinations thereof Device (for example, data processor 216 of Fig. 2 and Fig. 3) is managed to implement the illustrative methods 900 of Fig. 9.

The illustrative methods 900 of Fig. 9 include that salt water complex dielectric permittivity ε (frame is calculated at frequency f using salt water dielectric model 902).For the measured salt water dc conductivityσ provided_dc, temperature T and pressure p, and wherein s is known salt substance Salinity can define salt water complex dielectric permittivity ε are as follows:

ε=ε ' j ε "=func (s (σ_dc), T；p)_{f；Salt-substance} (15)

The illustrative methods 900 of Fig. 9 include that probe is placed on to (frame in the calibrating fluid with known complex dielectric permittivity 902).For example, probe can be placed on complex dielectric permittivity ε_refReference fluid (for example, dry air), have Complex dielectric permittivity ε₁Fresh water and have complex dielectric permittivity ε₂Salt water in.

The illustrative methods 900 of Fig. 9 are included in temperature T_RFUnder keep RF plate (including one or more measurement electronic device) steady Fixed (frame 906).The illustrative methods 900 of Fig. 9 are included in measurement RF probe stream mixture data (frame 908) under frequency f.Measure RF Probe stream mixture data may include (for example) acquisition reflection path signal V_RCWith incident path signal V_MC.Illustrative methods 900 include calculating compensated reflection signal ρ (frame 910).Above equation (7) can be used and calculate compensated reflection signal ρ.

The illustrative methods 900 of Fig. 9 are included in T_RFLower application RF plate correction factor (E_d,E_s,E_f) corrected anti-to calculate Penetrate coefficient Г (frame 912).Above equation (8) can be used and calculate corrected reflectioncoefficientг.

The illustrative methods 900 of Fig. 9 include the corrected reflection coefficient (Г of measurement probe_ref,Г₁,Г₂) (frame 914). The illustrative methods 900 of Fig. 9 include the flow calibration coefficient (A, B) (frame 916) for calculating probe.It can be by flow calibration coefficient (A, B) is defined are as follows:

Illustrative methods 900 include by the calibration data (Г of probe_ref,ε_ref) and flow calibration coefficient (A, B) be stored in At the memory (for example) communicated with the data processor 216 of Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 (frame 918).

Flow calibration coefficient (A, B) can be used carry out stream-mixture that calculations incorporated equation (10) and Fig. 7 are discussed and answers dielectric Constant (for example, at frame 710).

The flow chart of Fig. 7 to Fig. 9 indicate to can be used for implementing Fig. 2 to Fig. 5 exemplary conductance probe system 200,300, 400,500 example machine readable.The machine readable instructions can be for by processor (for example, tying below Close Figure 10 and the example processor platform 1000 discussed shown in processor 1012) execute one of program or program Point.Described program can be presented as the software being stored in non-transitory computer-readable storage media, the non-transitory meter Calculation machine readable storage medium storing program for executing is, for example, CD-ROM, floppy disk, hard disk drive, DVD, Blu-ray disc or associated with processor 1012 Memory, but can alternatively by other than processor 1012 and/or be presented as firmware or specialized hardware device execute it is whole A program and/or its part.Although, can in addition, describe exemplary process to flow chart illustrated in fig. 9 with reference in Fig. 7 Alternatively using many other methods for the exemplary conductance probe system 200,300,400,500 for implementing Fig. 2 to Fig. 5.It lifts For example, thus it is possible to vary the execution order of frame, and/or can change, eliminate or combine some frames in described frame.In addition Or alternatively, any or all block can execute respective operations in the case where not executing software or firmware by being a structured into One or more hardware circuits (for example, discrete and/or integrated analog and/or digital circuit, FPGA, ASIC, comparator, Operational amplifier (op-amp), logic circuit etc.) implement.

As mentioned, the executable finger being stored on non-transitory computer and/or machine readable media can be used (for example, computer and/or machine readable instructions) are enabled to implement the example process of Fig. 7 to Fig. 9, the non-transitory computer And/or machine readable media is, for example, hard disk drive, flash memory, read-only memory, compress disk, digital multi magnetic Disk, caching, random access memory, and/or information is stored into any duration (for example, long-term, permanent, short-term, interim slow Punching, and/or to the caching of information) any other storage device or storage dish.As used herein, by term " non-transitory Computer-readable medium ", which is clearly defined as, to be included any kind of computer readable storage means and/or storage dish and arranges Except the signal and exclusion transmission media of propagation.

" including (including) " and " including (comprising) " (and its form of ownership and tense) is used herein As open-ended term.Therefore, whenever claim using any type of " including (include) " or " including (comprise) " (e.g., including (comprises) including (includes) including (comprising) including (including), have etc.) as preamble or in the narration of any kind of claim when, it will be appreciated that do not departing from pair There may be additional element, terms etc. in the case where the range of the claim or narration answered.As used herein, when will be short When language " at least " is used as the turnover language in the (for example) preamble of claim, the phrase and term " including (comprising) " It is equally also open that " including (including) ", which is open,.Term "and/or" ought (for example) according to such as A, B and/ Or the form of C using when refer to any combination or subset of A, B, C, such as (1) only has A, (2) only have B, (3) only have C, (4) A With B, (5) A and C, and (6) B and C.

Figure 10 is to be able to carry out instruction to implement the data processing of Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 to implement the method for Fig. 7, Fig. 8 and/or Fig. 9 The block diagram of the example processor platform 1000 of device 216.Processor platform 1000 can be (for example) server, individual calculus Machine, work station, self study machine (for example, neural network), mobile device are (for example, mobile phone, smart phone, tablet computer, example Such as iPad^TM), the computing device of personal digital assistant (PDA), the Internet appliance or any other type.

Illustrated exemplary processor platform 1000 includes processor 1012.Illustrated exemplary processor 1012 is Hardware.For example, it by one or more integrated circuits, logic circuit, microprocessor, GPU, DSP or can come from any The controller of desired family or manufacturer implements processor 1012.Hardware processor can be based on semiconductor (for example, base In silicon) device.In this example, processor implements probe data analyzer 218 and MPFM data analyzer 220.

Illustrated exemplary processor 1012 includes local storage 1013 (for example, caching).Illustrated is exemplary Processor 1012 leads to via bus 1018 with the main memory for including volatile memory 1014 and nonvolatile memory 1016 Letter.Can by Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (SDRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), Dynamic random access memoryAnd/or the random access memory device of any other type is easy to implement The property lost memory 1014.It can be implemented by flash memory and/or the memory device of any other wanted type non-volatile Property memory 1016.Access to main memory 1014,1016 is controlled by Memory Controller.

Illustrated exemplary processor platform 1000 further includes interface circuit 1020.The interface circuit 1020 can be by Any kind of interface standard (for example, Ethernet interface, universal serial bus (USB),Interface, near-field communication (NFC) interface and/or PCI express interface) implement.

In illustrated example, one or more input units 1022 are connected to interface circuit 1020.Input unit Data and/or order are input in processor 1012 by 1022 allowance users.Input unit can by (for example) audio sensor, Microphone, video camera (static or video), keyboard, button, mouse, touch screen, following the trail of plate, trackball, isopoint and/or language Sound identification system is implemented.

One or more output devices 1024 are also connected to illustrated exemplary interface circuit 1020.Output device 1024 It can be (for example) by display device (for example, light emitting diode (LED), Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED), liquid crystal display (LCD), cathode-ray tube display (CRT), switching (IPS) display in situ, touch screen etc.), tactile output device, printer And/or loudspeaker is implemented.Therefore illustrated exemplary interface circuit 1020 generally includes graphics driver card, graphdriver Chip and/or graphdriver processor.

Illustrated exemplary interface circuit 1020 further includes communication device, such as transmitter, receiver, transceiver, tune Modulator-demodulator, residential gateway, wireless access point and/or network interface, with promote via network 1026 and external mechanical (for example, Any kind of computing device) exchange data.The communication can be (for example) via Ethernet connection, digital subscriber line (DSL) Connection, telephone wire connection, coaxial cable system, satellite system, line of site formula wireless system, cell phone system etc..

Illustrated exemplary processor platform 1000 further includes big for storing the one or more of software and/or data Mass storage devices 1028.The example of such mass storage device 1028 includes floppy disk drive, hard disk drive disk, pressure Contracting disk drive, blu-ray disc drives, redundant array of independent disks (RAID) system and digital versatile disc (DVD) driving Device.

The instruction 1032 of the coding of Figure 10 can be stored in mass storage device 1028, volatile memory 1014 In, in nonvolatile memory 1016 and/or in the removable non-transitory computer-readable storage media such as CD or DVD.

From foregoing teachings it will be appreciated that, above-disclosed equipment, system and method are provided via conducting probe to multiphase flow The monitoring of the conductivity and salinity of water in body.In example disclosed herein, is corrected and/or adjusted using conductivity data The fluid flow data that integral basis is generated in the measurement result collected by flow measuring apparatus (for example, multi-phase flowmeter), to provide Solid (for example) based on flow meter data and in the accuracy of the raising of the fluid phase content of determination and rate of discharge, detection fluid Deng.Some examples disclosed herein identify the change of reservoir property based on the salinity collected via conducting probe-time data Change.In example disclosed herein, following needs are substantially eliminated: carrying out manual sampling and/or reprocessing analysis to tie It closes by data that flowmeter is collected and considers the variation of salinity water.Example disclosed herein is provided to the efficient of water conductivity property The adjust automatically of monitoring and the fluid flow data based on the monitoring.

Although describing the description of front by reference to particular elements, material and embodiment herein, it is not intended to be limited to Details disclosed herein；But the description expands to all functionally equivalent structure, method and purposes, such as in institute In attached the scope of the claims.