阅读说明：本技术 一种车床安全防护装置 (A kind of safeguard device of lathe ) 是由 胡耀强 胡三河 郑健 任龙华 卢美俊 陈德青 王占林 徐才 于 2019-10-09 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及加工设备领域,即一种车床安全防护装置,包括光电开关、接近开关、控制器、盘式制动装置,所述光电开关有多个,设置在卡盘周围；所述接近开关有多个,设置在正反转操纵杆正反转位置处；所述控制器设置在机床的主轴箱上或操作方便的位置；所述盘式制动装置设置在机床电机的输出轴上；所述光电开关、接近开关、盘式制动装置与控制器电连接。其有益效果是：采用机电一体化的结构,提高安全防护装置的灵敏度,成本较低,安全可靠,提高了对人身和设备的有效保护。(The present invention relates to processing equipment field, i.e., a kind of safeguard device of lathe, including optoelectronic switch, close to switch, controller, disc brake apparatus, the optoelectronic switch has multiple, and setting is around chuck；It is described close to switch have it is multiple, be arranged at forward-reverse rotation controlling rod positive and negative rotation position；Position on the spindle box of lathe or easy to operate is arranged in the controller；The disc brake apparatus is arranged on the output shaft of machine motor；The optoelectronic switch is electrically connected with the controller close to switch, disc brake apparatus.The beneficial effect is that: using the structure of electromechanical integration, the sensitivity of safety device is improved, cost is relatively low, securely and reliably, improves the effective protection to the person and equipment.)

1. a kind of safeguard device of lathe, which is characterized in that transfer including optoelectronic switch (5), anticollision close to switch (7), just Nearly switch (9), reversion are detected close to switch (10), spanner close to switch 11, controller (4), disc brake apparatus (8), air bag Protective device (16), the optoelectronic switch (5) have multiple, are separately positioned on around chuck；Spanner detection is set close to switch (11) It sets and is pulled out around hand set-down location in spindle box upper surface chuck；It is described to rotate forward close to switch (9), close switch (10) setting of reversion At forward-reverse rotation controlling rod (6) forward and backward position, the anticollision is arranged between lathe bed and big cargo chute close to switch (7)；It is described Position on the spindle box of lathe or easy to operate is arranged in controller (4).

2. a kind of safeguard device of lathe according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the disc brake apparatus (8) Including brake disc (801), belt pulley (802), bolt (803), brake cylinder (804), electromagnet (805), oil pipe (806), system Piston (807), active brake hoof (808), fixing seat (809), driven brake-shoe (810), brake callipers (811), brake disc (801) it is located in lathe main motor output belt pulley (802), blending bolt (803) is fixed, and fixing seat (809) is fixed with lathe Connection, active brake hoof (808), are split in the two sides at brake disc (801) edge, brake callipers driven brake-shoe (810) (811) setting cooperates in fixing seat (809) and with sliding rail, and brake callipers (811) are in the side perpendicular to brake disc (801) plane To sliding, for brake piston (807) in the cylinder body of brake callipers (811) side, cylinder body passes through oil pipe (806) and brake cylinder (804) it is connected, the piston rod of brake cylinder (804) is connected with the electromagnet (805) being fixed on lathe.

3. a kind of safeguard device of lathe according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the optoelectronic switch (5), anticollision It is filled close to switching (7), rotating forward close to switch (9), the close switch (10) of reversion, spanner detection close to switch (11), disc type brake Set (8), air bag protecting device (16) is electrically connected with controller (4).

4. a kind of safeguard device of lathe according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the type of the optoelectronic switch (5) Number for BX-441, close to switch model TL-Q5MC1, controller (4) model FX2N-16MR type PLC.

5. a kind of safeguard device of lathe according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in spindle box right side, chuck Air bag protecting device (16) are equipped between operator, including permanent magnet (1601), air bag box (1602), folded airbag (1603), folded airbag (1603) is hidden in air bag box (1602), and air bag box (1602) is adsorbed on master by permanent magnet (1601) Axle box right side, compressed gas needed for folded airbag (1603) is supplied by air compressor (15) by tracheae (1506), in sky Tracheae (1506) between air compressor (15) and folded airbag (1603) is equipped with solenoid valve (1505).

6. a kind of safeguard device of lathe described in claim 1, control method is: lathe is powered on, controller (4) it is auxiliary Relay M8000 is helped to be closed, when chuck handle is put into specified location, spanner detection is auxiliary close to switch (11) (X006) closure Relay M1 is helped to obtain electric, the normally opened contact closure of M1；When positive and negative rotation control crank (6) is in main story or backward position, block just The nearly switch (9) (X004) of switching or reversion are close to switch (10) (X005), and auxiliary relay M2 obtains electric, and the normally opened contact of M2 closes It closes, main motor (13) (Y000) starting；

It is triggered when optoelectronic switch (5) (i.e. X000, X001, X002) and anticollision approach switch (7) (X003) either switch, it is auxiliary Relay M0 is helped to obtain electric, the normally-closed contact of M0 disconnects, the normally opened contact closure of M0, main motor (13) (Y000) power-off, disc type system The Breake Electromagnet (805) (Y002) of dynamic device (8) obtains electric braking, while combined aural and visual alarm (14) (Y001) exports alarm signal Number, the solenoid valve (1505) (Y003) of air bag protecting device (16) obtains electric opening, folded airbag (1603) inflation；

When positive and negative rotation control crank (6) is not in main story or backward position, i.e., do not block rotating forward close to switch (9) (X004) or Reversion close to switch (10) (X005), auxiliary relay M2 must not electricity, optoelectronic switch (5) (i.e. X000, X001, X002) and anti- It hits close to switch (7) (X003), does not work, main motor (13) (Y000) must not be electric, the braking electromagnetism of disc brake apparatus (8) Iron (805) (Y002) is not braking, and combined aural and visual alarm (14) (Y001) does not export alarm signal, the electromagnetism of air bag protecting device (16) Valve (1505) (Y003) must not be electric, can load and unload part taking human as rotating chuck；

When main motor (13) (Y000) power-off, Breake Electromagnet (805) (Y002) obtain electric braking, simultaneously combined aural and visual alarm (14) (Y001) it when output alarm signal, solenoid valve (1505) (Y003) obtain electric opening, folded airbag (1603) inflation, presses multiple Bit switch (12) (X007), auxiliary relay M0 obtain reset, and system reset returns to reset condition, and folded airbag (1603) is artificial It is pressed into air bag box (1602).

Technical field

The present invention relates to machine processing field, i.e., a kind of safeguard device of lathe.

Background technique

In factory and skilled worker's class school, engine lathe processing, real training, mechanical accident happens occasionally, especially just It works especially prominent with the student of skills practice training.

Due to operating lathe lack of skill, both hands are frequently operated, and prolonged energy concentrates, it is tired to be easy to produce Labor, in such cases, if without safety prevention measure, easily generation personal injury, equipment breakdown.

Lathe work practice is one profession basis practice course of industry science class universities and colleges, and participation number of student is numerous, security risk Type it is also very much.Safety accident can cause the loss that can not be retrieved once occurring to party.So in this sense It says, if cannot reliably guarantee the personal safety of intern and the safety of equipment, practice becomes meaningless.

Center lathe chuck revolving speed is very high, and the cause overwhelming majority damaged is caused by chuck, tool, workpiece, commonly Lathe causes mechanical wounding to be mainly manifested in process: rotary chuck collides with mobile lathe tool, and cutter is caused to damage Bad, the lathe tool spillage that breaks is hurted sb.'s feelings；Forget to remove chuck handle from chuck, starting lathe rear chuck spanner, which flies out, hurts sb.'s feelings；Vehicle Knife or knife rest are interfered with chuck, cause sharp impacts, it is often more important that high-speed rotating chuck directly injure operator or The clothes for enwinding operator is involved in lathe and causes personal injury.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of the present invention mainly solves above-mentioned existing issue, provides a kind of safeguard device of lathe, above-mentioned purpose Be realized by the following technical solutions: a kind of safeguard device of lathe, including optoelectronic switch, anticollision are transferred close to switch, just Nearly switch, reversion are detected close to switch, spanner close to switch, controller, disc brake apparatus, air bag protecting device, the light Electric switch has multiple, is separately positioned on around chuck；Spanner detection is pulled out hand in spindle box upper surface chuck and is put close to switch setting It sets around place；It is described to rotate forward close to switch, reversion close to switch, be arranged at forward-reverse rotation controlling rod forward and backward position, it is described Anticollision is arranged between lathe bed and big cargo chute close to switch；The controller is arranged on the spindle box of lathe or easy to operate Position.

The disc brake apparatus includes brake disc, belt pulley, bolt, dynamic oil cylinder, electromagnet, oil pipe, brake piston, master Dynamic brake-shoe, fixing seat, driven brake-shoe, brake callipers, brake disc are located on lathe main motor output belt pulley, blending bolt Fixed, fixing seat is fixedly connected with lathe, and active brake hoof, driven brake-shoe are split in the two sides of braking plate edge, brake card Pincers are arranged in fixing seat and have sliding rail cooperation, and brake callipers exist in the direction sliding perpendicular to brake disc plane, brake piston In the cylinder body of brake callipers side, cylinder body is connected by oil pipe with brake cylinder, the piston rod of brake cylinder be fixed on lathe On electromagnet be connected.

The optoelectronic switch, anticollision close to switch, rotate forward close to switch, reversion close to switch, spanner detection close to switch, The electromagnet of disc brake apparatus, the solenoid valve of air bag protecting device are electrically connected with the controller.

The model of the model BX-441 of the optoelectronic switch, the model TL-Q5MC1 of close switch, controller FX2N-16MR type PLC.

Air bag protecting device, including permanent magnet, air bag box, folding are equipped between spindle box right side, chuck and operator Folded air bag, folded airbag are hidden in air bag box, and air bag box is adsorbed on spindle box right side, pressure needed for folded airbag by permanent magnet Contracting gas is supplied by air compressor by tracheae, and solenoid valve is equipped on the tracheae between air compressor and folded airbag.

The control method of safeguard device of lathe is: lathe powers on, the auxiliary relay M8000 closure of controller, when Chuck handle is put into specified location, and spanner detection obtains electric, the normally opened touching of M1 close to switch (X006) closure, auxiliary relay M1 Point closure；When positive and negative rotation control crank is in main story or backward position, rotating forward is blocked close to switch (X004) or reversion close to opening It closes (X005), auxiliary relay M2 obtains electric, the normally opened contact closure of M2, main motor (Y000) starting；

It is triggered when optoelectronic switch (i.e. X000, X001, X002) and anticollision approach switch (X003) either switch, assists relay Device M0 obtains electric, the normally-closed contact disconnection of M0, the normally opened contact closure of M0, main motor (Y000) power-off, the system of disc brake apparatus Dynamic electromagnet (Y002) obtains electric braking, while combined aural and visual alarm (Y001) exports alarm signal, the solenoid valve of air bag protecting device (Y003) electric opening, folded airbag inflation are obtained；

When positive and negative rotation control crank is not in main story or backward position, i.e., do not block rotating forward and connect close to switch (X004) or reversion Nearly switch (X005), auxiliary relay M2 must not electricity, optoelectronic switch (i.e. X000, X001, X002) and the close switches of anticollision (X003), it does not work, main motor (Y000) must not be electric, and the Breake Electromagnet (Y002) of disc brake apparatus is not braking, acousto-optic Alarm (Y001) does not export alarm signal, the solenoid valve (Y003) of air bag protecting device must not electricity, can taking human as rotating chuck, Load and unload part；

When main motor (Y000) power-off, Breake Electromagnet (Y002) obtain electric braking, the alarm of combined aural and visual alarm (Y001) output simultaneously When signal, solenoid valve (Y003) obtain electric opening, folded airbag inflation, reset switch (X007), auxiliary relay M0 are pressed Reset is obtained, system reset returns to reset condition, and folded airbag is artificially pressed into air bag box.

The beneficial effect is that: using the structure of electromechanical integration, the sensitivity of safety device is improved, cost is relatively low, Securely and reliably, the effective protection to the person and equipment is improved.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 is prior art safety device schematic diagram；

Fig. 2 is optoelectronic switch in lathe main view, close switch, disc brake apparatus layout drawing；

Fig. 3 is optoelectronic switch, close switch, air bag protecting device layout drawing in lathe A-A plane view；

Fig. 4 is machine tool control bar and close switch schematic view of the mounting position；

Fig. 5 is chuck handle optoelectronic switch, controller layout drawing in lathe B direction view；

Fig. 6 is disc brake apparatus schematic diagram；

Fig. 7 is controller PLC external wiring diagram；

Fig. 8 is controller PLC input/output relay allocation table；

Fig. 9 is controller PLC ladder diagram；

Figure 10 is air bag protecting device schematic diagram.

As seen from the figure: spin safe cover 1, shaft 3, controller 4, optoelectronic switch 5, forward-reverse rotation controlling rod 6, is prevented spacer pin 2 Hit close to switch 7, disc brake apparatus 8, brake disc 801, belt pulley 802, bolt 803, brake cylinder 804, electromagnet 805, Oil pipe 806, brake piston 807, active brake hoof 808, fixing seat 809, driven brake-shoe 810, brake callipers 811.Positive switching Nearly switch 9, invert close to switch 10, the close switch 11 of spanner detection,

Reset switch 12, main motor 13, combined aural and visual alarm 14, main motor contactor coil KM, Breake Electromagnet YA., air pressure Contracting machine 15, plunger pump 1501, pressure switch 1502, pressure gauge 1503, safety valve 1504, solenoid valve 1505, tracheae 1506, air bag 16 permanent magnet 1601 of protective device, air bag box 1602, folded airbag 1603.

Specific embodiment

The total design of the present invention is: when people or object close to high-speed rotating chuck restriction apart from when, lathe will stop Electric braking, and people or object are pushed away into chuck certain distance, guarantee that lathe will not hurt people and object.

Several embodiments are introduced with reference to the accompanying drawing.

First embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, a kind of safeguard device of lathe of the prior art, including spin safe cover 1, Spacer pin 2, shaft 3, spin safe cover 1 covers on the periphery of spindle chuck, and when preventing lathe from working, operator touches chuck, Spin safe cover 1 can be rotated around shaft 3, limit its two states position by spacer pin 2, and one is open states, for operation Person's workpiece loading and unloading state, another kind are working conditions, are operator's workpieces processing state, and structure is simple, but are brought when operation It is inconvenient.

Second embodiment, as shown in Fig. 2,3,4,5, a kind of safeguard device of lathe, including optoelectronic switch 5, anticollision are connect Nearly switch 7 rotates forward close to switch 9, inverts close to switch 10, spanner and detect close to switch 11, controller 4, disc brake apparatus 8, air bag protecting device 16, its main feature is that, the optoelectronic switch 5 has multiple, is separately positioned on around chuck, and optoelectronic switch 5 is sent out Light out forms protection grating around chuck, and the length of light is adjustable, i.e., protection scope is adjustable, is in the present embodiment 300mm；It hurts sb.'s feelings in order to avoid chuck pulls out hand and throws away, therefore pulls out the put position of hand equipped with check device, i.e., chuck handle in chuck Detection is arranged in spindle box upper surface chuck close to switch 11 and pulls out around hand set-down location；It only checks chuck and pulls out hand and be put into Herein, lathe can just start；It is described to rotate forward close to switch 9, invert close to the setting of switch 10 in 6 forward and backward of forward-reverse rotation controlling rod At position；Only at forward-reverse rotation controlling rod 6 at position forward or reverse, optoelectronic switch 5 provided around chuck just works； The anticollision is arranged between lathe bed and big cargo chute close to switch 7, adjustable at a distance from big cargo chute；The setting of controller 4 exists On the spindle box of lathe or easy to operate position；Only when forward-reverse rotation controlling rod 6 at forward and backward position, spanner put back to rule When fixed position, the light of optoelectronic switch 5 is blocked if any object or anticollision is being set close to the distance between switch 7 and big cargo chute In value, controller 4 will be such that lathe motor stops at once.

The optoelectronic switch 5, anticollision are approached close to switch 7, rotating forward close to switch 9, reversion close to switch 10, spanner detection Switch 11, the electromagnet 805 of disc brake apparatus 8, air bag protecting device 16 solenoid valve 1505 be electrically connected with controller 4.

The model of the model BX-441 of the optoelectronic switch 5, the model TL-Q5MC1 of close switch, controller 4 FX2N_16MR type PLC.

3rd embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, the disc brake apparatus 8 includes brake disc on the basis of second embodiment 801, belt pulley 802, bolt 803, dynamic oil cylinder 804, electromagnet 805, oil pipe 806, brake piston 807, active brake hoof 808, Fixing seat 809, driven brake-shoe 810, brake callipers 811, brake disc 801 are located on lathe main motor output belt pulley 802, and Fixed with bolt 803, fixing seat 809 is fixedly connected with lathe, and active brake hoof 808, driven brake-shoe 810 split and braking The two sides at 801 edge of disk, brake callipers 811 are arranged in fixing seat 809 and have a sliding rail cooperation, brake callipers 811 perpendicular to The direction of 801 plane of brake disc is slided, and for brake piston 807 in the cylinder body of 811 side of brake callipers, cylinder body passes through oil pipe 806 It is connected with brake cylinder 804, the piston rod of brake cylinder 804 is connected with the electromagnet 805 being fixed on lathe.Only when positive and negative Turn control stick 6 at forward and backward position, when spanner puts back to defined position, block the light of optoelectronic switch 5 if any object or prevents Hit close to the distance between switch 7 and big cargo chute in setting value, controller (4) can make electromagnet 805 must it is electric to and push system The piston rod of dynamic oil cylinder 804 moves forward, and the hydraulic oil in brake cylinder 804 pushes brake piston 807 to move forward, active brake hoof 808 Forward is contacted with brake disc 801, and with increasing for oil pressure, brake callipers 811 are moved back along 809 slideway of fixing seat, driven brake-shoe 810 also contact with brake disc 801, brake to brake disc 801, while lathe motor can also stop at once.

The method of another braking is in these cases, to connect reversion to motor while electromagnet 805 obtains electric Electric current realizes that mechanical braking and electric braking act on simultaneously, guarantees to make lathe stop within the shortest time.

Fourth embodiment, as shown in Figure 10, on the basis of the above embodiments, in spindle box right side, chuck and operation Air bag protecting device 16, including permanent magnet 1601, air bag box 1602, folded airbag 1603, folded airbag 1603 are equipped between person It is hidden in air bag box 1602, air bag box 1602 is adsorbed on spindle box right side by permanent magnet 1601, needed for folded airbag 1603 Compressed gas is supplied by air compressor 15 by tracheae 1506, the tracheae between air compressor 15 and folded airbag 1603 1506 are equipped with solenoid valve 1505；

Air compressor 15 include plunger pump 1501, pressure switch 1502, pressure gauge 1503, safety valve 1504, solenoid valve 1505, Tracheae 1506, wherein 1502 setting air compressor of pressure switch, 15 start-stop pressure；Solenoid valve 1505 is realized to folded airbag 1603 inflations.When forward-reverse rotation controlling rod 6 is at forward and backward position, spanner puts back to defined position, if any object shielding light In setting value, controller 4 will make lathe electric for the distance between the light of electric switch 5 or anticollision close switch 7 and big cargo chute Machine stops at once, while combined aural and visual alarm 14 exports alarm signal, and solenoid valve 1505 obtains electric opening, and folded airbag 1603 is inflated swollen The swollen people or object pushed close to chuck.

5th embodiment, as shown in Fig. 7,8,9, on the basis of the above embodiments, the control of machine safety protective device Process is as follows:

Lathe powers on, and auxiliary circuit breaker M8000 closure inside lathe, when chuck handle is put into specified location, metal approach is opened Close 11(X006) it is closed, spanner auxiliary relay M1 obtains electric, the normally opened contact closure of M1；When positive and negative rotation control crank 6 is in main story Or when backward position, block rotating forward close to switch 9(X004) or reversion approach switch 10(X005), auxiliary relay M2 obtain it is electric, The normally opened contact of M2 is closed, main motor 13(Y000) starting；

As optoelectronic switch 5(, that is, X000, X001, X002) and anticollision close to switch 7(X003) either switch is blocked triggering, auxiliary Relay M0 is helped to obtain electric, M0 normally-closed contact disconnects, M0 normally opened contact closure, main motor 13(Y000) power-off, Breake Electromagnet 805 (Y002) electric braking, while combined aural and visual alarm 14(Y001 are obtained) output alarm signal, the solenoid valve 1505 of air bag protecting device 16 (Y003) electric opening is obtained, 1603 inflation of folded airbag pushes the people between chuck and operator or object open；

When positive and negative rotation control crank 6 is not in main story or backward position, do not block rotating forward and connect close to switch 9(X004) or invert Nearly switch 10(X005), auxiliary relay M2 must not electricity, optoelectronic switch 5(, that is, X000, X001, X002 at this time) and anticollision approach Switch 7(X003), it does not work, main motor 13(Y000) must not be electric, part can be loaded and unloaded taking human as rotating chuck；

As main motor 13(Y000) power-off, Breake Electromagnet 805(Y002) obtain electric braking, while combined aural and visual alarm 14(Y001) defeated Alarm signal out, solenoid valve 1505(Y003) it is electric open, 1603 inflation of folded airbag when, press reset switch 12 (X007) when, auxiliary relay M0 obtains reset, and system reset returns to reset condition, and 1603 people of folded airbag is indentation air bag box In 1602.

Safeguard device of lathe is by the continuous use of several years, and equipment safety, reliable, failure is few, accident rate drop To zero.Realize the effective protection to operator and equipment.