A kind of thermal sterilization automatic deviation correction smart box
阅读说明：本技术 一种热杀菌自动纠偏智能盒 (A kind of thermal sterilization automatic deviation correction smart box ) 是由 刘东红 陈舒航 周建伟 朱新杰 于 2019-08-13 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种基于单片机的热杀菌自动纠偏智能盒,包括实现智能盒与杀菌釜、个人电脑通信的方法、通过杀菌釜温度计算食品中心冷点温度,计算杀菌值,并改变杀菌釜温度控制序列的方法及相应电路设计。在保证食品最小杀菌值符合食品安全规定的情况下,缩短热杀菌时间,提升食品品质、节约能源,且适用于多种杀菌设备。(The invention discloses a kind of SCM Based thermal sterilization automatic deviation correction smart boxs, including realize smart box communicated with sterilization kettle, PC method, pass through sterilization kettle temperature computation product centre cold-point temperature, sterilizing value is calculated, and changes the method and related circuit design of sterilization kettle temperature control sequence.In the case where guaranteeing that food minimum sterilizing value meets situation as defined in food safety, shorten thermal reduction time, promotes food quality, energy saving, and be suitable for various sterilization equipment.)
1. a kind of thermal sterilization automatic deviation correction smart box, for correcting in the sterilization kettle for having carried programmable logic controller (PLC) PLC Sterilization process；It is characterised by comprising:
(1) PLC/ single chip communication unit: the sterilization kettle temperature sequence T ' of PLC acquisition is read in real timeRiWith operating status and transmit To signal processing unit；Simultaneously by the feedback signal transmission of signal processing unit processes to PLC.
(2) cold-point temperature T single-chip microcomputer signal processing unit: is calculated according to the parameter that PLC/ single chip communication unit obtainsi, in real time Sterilizing value F2 and it is expected that sterilizing value F1 entangles sterilizing kettle in sterilization temperature according to result by it compared with setting sterilizing value F0 Partially；Specific step is as follows:
(2.1) the sterilization parameter of setting, including holding temperature, cooling temperature, heating-up time, soaking time, cooling time are obtained With setting sterilizing value F0, the desired temperature sequence T of sterilization kettle is generatedRi.In sterilization process progress, worked as by reading PLC The real time temperature T ' of preceding timingRi, to temperature sequence TRiIt is updated, and according to updated sterilization kettle temperature sequence T 'RiIt calculates The cold-point temperature T of product centre in sterilization kettlei, calculation formula is as follows:
Wherein, subscript i is natural number, indicates serial number, T0It is initial temperature, k and j are the warm variable factors of food in sterilization kettle and stagnant Postfactor.
(2.2) according to step (2.1), taking i is current time, the cold-point temperature T being calculatediCalculate real-time sterilizing value F2:
Wherein, TrefIt is the fiducial temperature of low acid foods, usually 121.1 degrees Celsius.
When the cooling time ends, the temperature sequence obtained is complete sterilization sequence TRI, further calculate to obtain estimated sterilization knot Accessible estimated total sterilizing value F1 after beam:
Wherein, the complete sterilization sequence T obtained at the end of I is cooling timeRISerial number.
(2.3) more real-time sterilizing value F2, estimated sterilizing value F1 and the size for setting sterilizing value F0:
If F2, it is greater than F0, then controls sterilization kettle and enter cooling section at once；
If F1 is less than F0, when holding temperature is no more than setting maximum temperature, 0.5 degree of rising of sterilization temperature circulation of soaking zone is straight To it and within setting sterilizing value deviation as 5s.
If F2 is less than F0, F1 and is greater than F0, recycles and shorten soaking time 10s until itself and F0 deviation are within 5s；
(2.4) correction mode PLC is transmitted to by PLC/ single chip communication unit to rectify a deviation to sterilizing kettle in sterilization process.
(3) single-chip microcontroller/PC communication unit；Log in single-chip microcontroller is transmitted to PC to show；By plc communication parameter, correction Parameter is transmitted to single-chip microcontroller.
2. thermal sterilization automatic deviation correction smart box according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the PLC/ single chip communication list The hardware of member includes RS485 or RS422 universal serial bus and MAX232 chip, reads plc data in real time and levels through MAX232 chip It is transmitted to single-chip microcontroller again afterwards.
3. thermal sterilization automatic deviation correction smart box according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the single-chip microcontroller/PC communication unit The hardware of member is FT232 chip.
4. thermal sterilization automatic deviation correction smart box according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the thermal sterilization automatic deviation correction intelligence Energy box further includes EEPROM.
Technical field
The present invention relates to food processing fields, and in particular to a kind of SCM Based thermal sterilization automatic deviation correction smart box.
Background technique
Heat sterilization abbreviation thermal sterilization, usually using steam or hot water as medium, because its convenience and reliability are extensive Apply in food industry, to kill the microorganism in food, extends effective period of food quality.It is generally used for killing in fiducial temperature Time (min) the i.e. sterilizing value F of the product being heat-treated required for certain amount object bacterium causes to measure the microorganism in food Dead situation, the fiducial temperature of low acidity food often use 121.1 DEG C.Industrially with temperature change in food, most slowly point is cold spot Temperature computation add up lethality value the overall bactericidal effect under specific sterilization conditions is measured as the minimum sterilizing value of food.
Since high temperature will affect nutritive value of food and flavor substance, in practical heat-sterilization process, exists and excessively kill Bacterium phenomenon.If can be in the case where guaranteeing that sterilization intensity reaches necessary requirement, sterilizing time be shorter, heat preservation sterilization temperature is lower, It is then smaller to the destruction of food quality.If can be after the minimum sterilizing value of food reaches the required value for guaranteeing food safety, at once Terminate sterilization process, can be farthest energy saving, retaining food product quality.
Since heat source short duration failure, equipment pressure leakages etc. cause sterilization kettle temperature surprisingly to increase in practical heat-sterilization process Or the case where thermal sterilization technological parameter is preset in deviations such as reduce, to avoid such situation, waste is reduced, certain correction need to be taken Means.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention is based on a kind of automatic deviation correction smart box of microcomputer development, do not changing In the case where the original circuit and control system of sterilization kettle, heat-sterilization process is carried out technique adjust automatically and realized to entangle automatically Partially, in the case where guaranteeing that food minimum sterilizing value meets situation as defined in food safety, shortening thermal reduction time, promotion food quality, It is energy saving.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that a kind of thermal sterilization based on microcomputer development entangles automatically Inclined smart box, for correcting the sterilization process in the sterilization kettle for having carried programmable logic controller (PLC) PLC；Include:
(1) PLC/ single chip communication unit: the sterilization kettle temperature sequence T of PLC acquisition is read in real timeRiWith operating status and pass Transport to signal processing unit；Simultaneously by the feedback signal transmission of signal processing unit processes to PLC.
(2) cold-point temperature T single-chip microcomputer signal processing unit: is calculated according to the parameter that PLC/ single chip communication unit obtainsi、 Real-time sterilizing value F2 and it is expected that sterilizing value F1, by it compared with setting sterilizing value F0, according to result to sterilizing kettle in sterilization temperature into Row correction；Specific step is as follows:
(2.1) the sterilization parameter of setting, including holding temperature, cooling temperature, heating-up time, soaking time, cooling are obtained Time and setting sterilizing value F0, generate the desired temperature sequence T of sterilization kettleRi.In sterilization process progress, obtained by reading PLC To the real time temperature T ' of current timingRi, to temperature sequence TRiIt is updated, and according to updated sterilization kettle temperature sequence T 'Ri Calculate the cold-point temperature T of product centre in sterilization kettlei, calculation formula is as follows:
Wherein, subscript i is natural number, indicates serial number, T0It is initial temperature, k and j are the warm variable factors of food in sterilization kettle And hysteresis factors.
(2.2) according to step (2.1), taking i is current time, the cold-point temperature T being calculatediCalculate real-time sterilizing value F2:
Wherein, TrefIt is the fiducial temperature of low acid foods, usually 121.1 degrees Celsius.
When the cooling time ends, the temperature sequence obtained is complete sterilization sequence TRI, further calculate to obtain estimated kill Accessible estimated total sterilizing value F1 after bacterium:
Wherein, the complete sterilization sequence T obtained at the end of I is cooling timeRISerial number.
(2.3) more real-time sterilizing value F2, estimated sterilizing value F1 and the size for setting sterilizing value F0:
If F2, it is greater than F0, then controls sterilization kettle and enter cooling section at once；
If F1 is less than F0, when holding temperature is no more than setting maximum temperature, the sterilization temperature circulation of soaking zone rises 0.5 Degree is up to it and within setting sterilizing value deviation as 5s.
If F2 is less than F0, F1 and is greater than F0, recycles and shorten soaking time 10s until itself and F0 deviation are within 5s；
(2.4) correction mode PLC is transmitted to by PLC/ single chip communication unit to entangle sterilizing kettle in sterilization process Partially.
(3) single-chip microcontroller/PC communication unit；Log in single-chip microcontroller is transmitted to PC to show；By plc communication parameter, Correction parameter is transmitted to single-chip microcontroller.
Further, the hardware of the PLC/ single chip communication unit includes RS485 or RS422 universal serial bus and MAX232 Chip reads plc data in real time and is transmitted to single-chip microcontroller again after the leveling of MAX232 chip.
Further, the single-chip microcontroller/PC communication unit hardware is FT232 chip.
Further, the thermal sterilization automatic deviation correction smart box further includes EEPROM.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
The temperature of sterilization kettle can be read in real time by the device, the sterilizing value of product centre cold spot is calculated, with setting value ratio Compared with being modified to heat-sterilization process, to obtain the most suitable holding temperature and soaking time, avoid excessive sterilization.Work as heat When occurring since heat source is unstable thermal sterilization parameter drift-out setting value in sterilization process, correction adjusting can be carried out, makes finally to obtain Sterilizing value meet expection, guarantee food safety, avoid full batch and scrap or the waste of heating power resource.The device can be with difference The sterilization kettle of model is communicated, portable good, easy to operate.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that single-chip microcontroller, PLC are communicated with PC；
Fig. 2 is the runnable interface of sterilization kettle smart box maintenance software；
Fig. 3 is the circuit diagram of the device in embodiment；
The flow chart of automatic deviation correction algorithm in Fig. 4 present invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention provides a kind of thermal sterilization automatic deviation correction smart boxs, have carried programmable logic controller (PLC) for correcting Sterilization process in the sterilization kettle of PLC；As shown in Figure 1, thermal sterilization automatic deviation correction smart box of the invention includes:
(1) PLC/ single chip communication unit: the sterilization kettle temperature sequence T of PLC acquisition is read in real timeRiOperating status (is in Heating, heat preservation, cooling section) and it is transmitted to signal processing unit；Extremely by the feedback signal transmission of signal processing unit processes simultaneously PLC。
(2) cold-point temperature T single-chip microcomputer signal processing unit: is calculated according to the parameter that PLC/ single chip communication unit obtainsi、 Real-time sterilizing value F2 and it is expected that sterilizing value F1, by it compared with setting sterilizing value F0, according to result to sterilizing kettle in sterilization temperature into Row correction；
(3) single-chip microcontroller/PC communication unit；Log in single-chip microcontroller is transmitted to PC to show；By plc communication parameter, Correction parameter is transmitted to single-chip microcontroller.
Preferably, PLC/ single chip communication unit hardware includes RS485 or RS422 universal serial bus and MAX232 chip, Reading plc data in real time and being transmitted to single-chip microcontroller, single-chip microcontroller/PC communication unit hardware again after the leveling of MAX232 chip is FT232 Chip, single-chip microcontroller be ATmega128 chip, circuit diagram as shown in figure 3, the half-duplex signal RXD0 of ATmega128 chip, TXDO is by RS485 universal serial bus, after MAX232 chip adjusts level, is passed to PE0 the and PE1 pin of single-chip microcontroller, realize with Real time communication between PLC.The operating status for reading sterilization kettle every 1s after powering, in sterilisation program operation every 10s The sterilization kettle temperature on PLC is read, when changing soaking time or temperature, writes the result into the respective stored position on PLC.Simultaneously Using FT232 chip, the driving that USB turns serial ports is done, realizes the communication with PC.Sterilization kettle smart box as shown in Figure 2 It safeguards software, temperature, time, storage location on PLC of setting sterilizing value, temperature and time, sterilization not same order may be implemented The reading and preservation of the data such as practical sterilization kettle, temperature history after the completion of the write-in of the parameters such as the flag bit of section, and sterilization.PE2 It is connected with PE3 with the signal that controller is transmitted through MODBUS communication protocol.An EEPROM has been comprised in addition, it can be after a power failure Store related data.Three LED light can also be set again, be connected with PD5, PD6, PD7, illustrated on single-chip microcontroller when green light flashing Electricity shows communicated, shows mistake occur when red light is bright when amber light flashing.
The correction process of thermal sterilization automatic deviation correction smart box of the invention is as shown in Figure 4:
(2.1) the sterilization parameter of setting, including holding temperature, cooling temperature, heating-up time, soaking time, cooling are obtained Time and setting sterilizing value F0 (in the implementation case, setting sterilizing value as 50s), generate the desired temperature sequence T of sterilization kettleRi。 The real time temperature T ' of current timing is obtained by reading PLCRi, to temperature sequence TRiIt is updated, and according to updated sterilization Kettle temperature degree series TRiCalculate the cold-point temperature T of product centre in sterilization kettlei, calculation formula is as follows:
Wherein, subscript i is natural number, indicates serial number, T0It is initial temperature, k and j are the warm variable factors of food in sterilization kettle With hysteresis factors (in the implementation case, k=0.02270, j=10).
(2.2) according to step (2.1), taking i is current time, the cold-point temperature T being calculatediCalculate real-time sterilizing value F2:
Wherein, TrefIt is the fiducial temperature of low acid foods, usually 121.1 degrees Celsius.
When the cooling time ends, the temperature sequence obtained is complete sterilization sequence TRI, further calculate to obtain estimated kill Accessible estimated total sterilizing value F1 after bacterium:
Wherein, the complete sterilization sequence T obtained at the end of I is cooling timeRISerial number.
(2.3) more real-time sterilizing value F2, estimated sterilizing value F1 and the size for setting sterilizing value F0:
If F2, it is greater than F0, then controls sterilization kettle and enter cooling section at once；
If F1 is less than F0, when holding temperature is no more than setting maximum temperature, the sterilization temperature circulation of soaking zone rises 0.5 Degree is up to it and within setting sterilizing value deviation as 5s.
If F2 is less than F0, F1 and is greater than F0, recycles and shorten soaking time 10s until itself and F0 deviation are within 5s；
(2.4) correction mode PLC is transmitted to by PLC/ single chip communication unit to entangle sterilizing kettle in sterilization process Partially.
It is carried out automatically in the case where former set temperature is 121 degrees Celsius, sets soaking time as 750s using the present apparatus Correction.Sterilizing value is set as 50s.In the case where there is not temperature relatively large deviation, when running 560s, it is contemplated that sterilizing value, which reaches, to be set Definite value, into cooling section, ultimate food cold spot sterilizing value is 52.3s, reaches bactericidal effect and has saved sterilizing time.If sterilizing In the process, due to heat source short duration failure, there is the case where actual temperature is lower than setting control temperature, temperature of the device to sterilization kettle Degree is adjusted, and cooling point is finally entered in 650s, and food cold spot sterilizing value conforms to after heat-sterilization process for 51.8s It asks.
The smart box is directly connected with the PLC on sterilization kettle by cable, easy to operate.The temperature of sterilization kettle can be read in real time Degree, the sterilizing value for calculating product centre cold spot are modified heat-sterilization process compared with setting value, the most suitable to obtain Holding temperature and soaking time, avoid excessive sterilization.Compared to the smart box is not connected with, sterilizing time is shortened, and final The sterilizing value of acquisition meets expection, reduces the waste of heating power resource.If there is temperature deviation, can also to temperature control sequence into Row is adjusted in real time, is realized that final sterilizing value meets the requirement of setting sterilizing value, is avoided full batch and scrap, guarantees food safety.
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