阅读说明：本技术 一种用于南方高海拔地区的大球盖菇林下反季节栽培技术 (Under-forest out-of-season cultivation technology for stropharia rugoso-annulata in southern high-altitude areas ) 是由 黄昌学 邓仕全 于 2019-09-26 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种用于南方高海拔地区的大球盖菇林下反季节栽培技术,其包括选择南方高海拔地区已封林的林地作为大球盖菇的栽培地,其中,栽培地的坡度小于30度；将多种基料原料进行混合,并加水混匀；对栽培地的地面进行消毒后,将栽培基料按照设定宽度铺设厢面,并将大球盖菇的菌种均匀点于栽培基料表面以下设定深度处,再取行间土,将其片状覆盖在埋设有菌种的栽培基料上；在菌丝期,当菌丝长至超过其埋设深度的一半时,在覆土上覆盖一层厚度为2.8cm～3.2cm的树叶；在出菇期,对发白土面进行浇水湿透土层,该用于南方高海拔地区的大球盖菇林下反季节栽培技术为南方高海拔地区反季节栽培大球盖菇建立了模型,便于推广运用。(The invention discloses an under-forest out-of-season cultivation technology for stropharia rugoso-annulata in high-altitude areas in the south, which comprises the steps of selecting a forest land which is already forest-sealed in the high-altitude areas in the south as a cultivation land for stropharia rugoso-annulata, wherein the gradient of the cultivation land is less than 30 degrees; mixing various base material raw materials, adding water and uniformly mixing; disinfecting the ground of a cultivation land, paving a compartment surface with a cultivation base material according to a set width, uniformly dropping strains of the stropharia rugoso-annulata below the surface of the cultivation base material at a set depth, taking inter-row soil, and covering the inter-row soil on the cultivation base material embedded with the strains in a sheet shape; in the hypha period, when hyphae grow to be more than half of the embedding depth of the hyphae, covering a layer of leaves with the thickness of 2.8 cm-3.2 cm on the covering soil; in the fruiting period, a soil layer is watered and soaked on the whitish soil surface, and the under-forest out-of-season cultivation technology for stropharia rugoso-annulata in the high-altitude areas in the south establishes a model for the out-of-season cultivation of the stropharia rugoso-annulata in the high-altitude areas in the south, so that the method is convenient to popularize and apply.)

1. The under-forest out-of-season cultivation technology for stropharia rugoso-annulata in southern high-altitude areas is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

a. Selecting a site of a cultivation site; selecting a forest land which is already covered in a southern high-altitude area as a cultivation land for stropharia rugoso-annulata, wherein the gradient of the cultivation land is less than 30 degrees;

b. Preparing a cultivation base material; mixing various base material raw materials, adding water and uniformly mixing; wherein the water content of the cultivation base material is 65-75%;

c. Blanking and seeding; after the ground of the cultivation land is disinfected, paving a compartment surface on the cultivation base material according to a set width, uniformly dropping the strains of the stropharia rugoso-annulata below the surface of the cultivation base material at a set depth, taking inter-row soil, and covering the inter-row soil on the cultivation base material embedded with the strains in a sheet shape;

d. Managing the growth process, including hypha period management and fruiting period management; in the hypha period, the water content of the cultivation base material below the covering soil is kept between 55 and 65 percent, and when the hypha grows to exceed half of the embedding depth of the hypha, a layer of leaves with the thickness of 2.8 to 3.2cm is covered on the covering soil; in the fruiting period, the white soil surface is watered to wet the soil layer.

2. The under-forest out-of-season cultivation technique for stropharia rugoso-annulata in southern high-altitude areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: the high-altitude area is a position area with the altitude of more than 1800 meters.

3. The under-forest out-of-season cultivation technique for stropharia rugoso-annulata in southern high-altitude areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: the growing place is located beside the hardened road.

4. the under-forest out-of-season cultivation technique for stropharia rugoso-annulata in southern high-altitude areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: the time for sowing and blanking stropharia rugoso-annulata is 4 months.

5. The under-forest out-of-season cultivation technique for stropharia rugoso-annulata in southern high-altitude areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: the base material comprises sawdust, chaff and/or rotten branches and leaves.

6. The under-forest out-of-season cultivation technique for stropharia rugoso-annulata in southern high-altitude areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: the base material comprises 70% of sawdust and 30% of chaff.

7. The under-forest out-of-season cultivation technique for stropharia rugoso-annulata in southern high-altitude areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: before feeding and seeding, lime is scattered on the ground of a cultivation land for disinfection, and the lime consumption per mu of ground is 45 kg-55 kg.

8. The under-forest out-of-season cultivation technique for stropharia rugoso-annulata in southern high-altitude areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cultivation base materials are paved on a compartment surface in a strip shape with the width of 80cm, the line spacing is 60cm, and the thickness is 10 cm-15 cm.

9. The under-forest out-of-season cultivation technique for stropharia rugoso-annulata in southern high-altitude areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the cultivation base material is used for laying and seeding, the strain standard of one bottle of stropharia rugoso-annulata per square meter is adopted for laying and seeding, the strain is broken into 2cm square size during the seeding, and the strain is uniformly dotted at a position 5cm below the surface of the cultivation base material.

10. the under-forest out-of-season cultivation technique for stropharia rugoso-annulata in southern high-altitude areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: during earthing, taking inter-row soil, shoveling the inter-row soil into a sheet with the thickness of 3cm by using a shovel, and covering the sheet on a cultivation base material embedded with the strain; the thickness of the soil covering layer on the cultivation base material is 3 cm.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to an under-forest out-of-season cultivation technology for stropharia rugoso-annulata in high-altitude areas in the south.

Background

The stropharia rugoso-annulata, also known as the wine red stropharia rugoso-annulata and the crinkled stropharia rugoso-annulata, has rich nutrition, tender meat and delicious taste, contains various amino acids and vitamins necessary for human bodies, and is popular with consumers. The most suitable growth temperature of the stropharia rugoso-annulata mycelia is 24-28 ℃, the suitable fruiting temperature is 12-25 ℃, the stropharia rugoso-annulata mycelia are planted in 9 months generally, the stropharia rugoso-annulata mycelia grow out in 11 months to 4 months in the second year, and part of mycelia are dead when the stropharia rugoso-annulata overwintering, so that the yield is influenced; the cultivation of stropharia rugoso-annulata has certain requirements on the environment, and at present, in the south, a cultivation land which is most suitable for the growth of the stropharia rugoso-annulata is selected to supplement the cultivation land, and meanwhile, the problems of helping the agriculture to increase income, improving the benefit and the like become a focus of attention.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the under-forest out-of-season cultivation technology for stropharia rugoso-annulata in the southern high-altitude area provided by the invention simulates wild out-of-season cultivation of stropharia rugoso-annulata according to the biological characteristics of the stropharia rugoso-annulata and combines the environmental conditions of low temperature and high humidity under the under-forest in the summer in the southern high-altitude area, thereby promoting local farmers to defy and rush, and establishing a model for the out-of-season cultivation of edible fungi in the southern high-altitude area.

In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the under-forest out-of-season cultivation technology for stropharia rugoso-annulata in southern high-altitude areas is provided, and comprises the steps of selecting a cultivation site; and selecting a forest land which is already forest-sealed in the southern high-altitude area as a cultivation land for stropharia rugoso-annulata, wherein the slope of the cultivation land is less than 30 degrees.

Preparing a cultivation base material; mixing various base material raw materials, adding water and uniformly mixing; wherein the water content of the cultivation base material is 65-75%.

Blanking and seeding; sterilizing the ground of the cultivation land, paving the cultivation base material on a compartment surface according to a set width, uniformly dropping the strains of the stropharia rugoso-annulata below the surface of the cultivation base material at a set depth, taking inter-row soil, and covering the inter-row soil on the cultivation base material embedded with the strains in a sheet shape.

Managing the growth process, including hypha period management and fruiting period management; in the hypha period, the water content of the cultivation base material below the covering soil is kept between 55 and 65 percent, and when the hypha grows to exceed half of the embedding depth of the hypha, a layer of leaves with the thickness of 2.8 to 3.2cm is covered on the covering soil; in the fruiting period, the white soil surface is watered to wet the soil layer.

Further, the high altitude area is a location area having an altitude of more than 1800 meters.

Further, the cultivation site is located beside the hardened road.

Further, the time for sowing and blanking stropharia rugoso-annulata is 4 months.

Further, the base material includes sawdust, chaff and/or rotten leaves.

Further, the base material comprises 70% of sawdust and 30% of chaff.

Further, lime is scattered on the ground of the cultivation land for disinfection before discharging and seeding, and the lime consumption per mu of ground is 45 kg-55 kg.

Furthermore, the cultivation base materials are paved on the compartment surface in a strip shape with the width of 80cm, the line spacing is 60cm, and the thickness is 10 cm-15 cm.

Further, when the strain is fed and inoculated, the strain is inoculated according to the strain standard of one bottle of Stropharia rugoso-annulata per square meter, and the strain is broken into 2cm square size and uniformly spotted 5cm below the surface of the cultivation base material.

further, when covering soil, taking inter-row soil, shoveling the inter-row soil into a sheet with the thickness of 3cm by using a shovel, and covering the sheet on the cultivation base material embedded with the strain; the thickness of the covering soil layer on the cultivation base material is 3 cm.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the under-forest out-of-season cultivation technology for stropharia rugoso-annulata in the high-altitude areas in the south simulates wild out-of-season cultivation of stropharia rugoso-annulata according to the biological characteristics of the stropharia rugoso-annulata and in combination with the environmental conditions of low temperature and high humidity under the forest in summer in the high-altitude areas in the south, helps local farmers to run short of life and promote health, and establishes a model for the out-of-season cultivation of edible fungi in the high-altitude areas in the south. The technology has scientifically simplified the operation procedure from the design of the cultivation mode, and is suitable for farmers to operate without edible fungus production experience locally; meanwhile, the method can stimulate the collection and utilization of the large, dry branches and fallen leaves in the high-altitude areas in the south, reduce the fire hazard and change waste into valuable; the base material after the stropharia rugoso-annulata is planted is left under the tree, so that good organic matters are provided for the tree, meanwhile, the microbial system of the tree is improved, and the healthy growth of the whole tree is promoted.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiment is only one embodiment of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the following specific examples further describe the present application in detail. And for the sake of simplicity, the following omits technical common sense known to those skilled in the art.

The invention provides an under-forest out-of-season cultivation technology of stropharia rugoso-annulata for southern high-altitude areas, which comprises the following steps:

Selecting a planting site, and selecting a forest land which is already forest-sealed in a southern high-altitude area as the planting site of the stropharia rugoso-annulata, wherein the gradient of the planting site is less than 30 degrees. Specifically, the optimum growth temperature of stropharia rugoso-annulata mycelia is 24-28 ℃, and the optimum fruiting temperature is 12-25 ℃; in the southern high-altitude area represented by Liangshan, the forest coverage area is large, the ecological environment is good, the area is obviously rainy in summer, the air humidity is high, the air temperature is not more than 30 ℃, the temperature under the forest is not more than 28 ℃ all the year round, and the method is an ideal place for planting edible mushrooms such as stropharia rugoso-annulata in out-of-season.

When the site selection of the cultivation land is carried out, the gradient of the cultivation land is less than 30 degrees, the cultivation and management can be facilitated, and the hidden danger that the base material and the covering are washed away by heavy rain is reduced; meanwhile, the selected forests are sealed, so that the sufficient shading degree and humidity of the compartment surface of the stropharia rugoso-annulata can be ensured in summer, and the direct washing of the compartment surface by rainwater is reduced. And in practical operation, the forest land where the cultivation site is located is preferably beside the hardened road so as to ensure efficient transportation of raw materials and products. Specifically, the high-altitude area in the invention is a position area with the altitude of more than 1800 meters, the temperature in summer at the altitude is not higher than 30 ℃, the temperature in the forest is not higher than 28 ℃, and the high-altitude area is suitable for the growth of stropharia rugoso-annulata.

Preparing a cultivation base material; mixing various base material raw materials, adding water and uniformly mixing; wherein the water content of the cultivation base material is 65-75%. Specifically, when selecting the base material raw materials, the local geographical conditions are fully considered, the local materials are obtained as far as possible, dead branches and rotten leaves on local mountains are relatively ideal base materials, and the matching proportion of the types of the base material raw materials is not limited (except for pine and fir); when large-area cultivation is needed, places with stable raw material sources such as timber processing factories and chaffs around are selected.

When the base material raw materials are treated, the base materials are uniformly mixed together, water is added and then the mixture is uniformly mixed to obtain the cultivation base material, and the water content of the cultivation base material is kept at about 70%. In the specific implementation, the base material in the invention comprises sawdust, chaff and/or dead-shoot rotten leaves, and in particular, 70% of sawdust and 30% of chaff can be used as the base material.

Blanking and seeding; sterilizing the ground of the cultivation land, paving the cultivation base material on a compartment surface according to a set width, uniformly dropping the strains of the stropharia rugoso-annulata below the surface of the cultivation base material at a set depth, taking inter-row soil, and covering the inter-row soil on the cultivation base material embedded with the strains in a sheet shape. Specifically, lime is firstly scattered on the ground of a cultivation field for disinfection before discharging and seeding, and the consumption of lime on the ground per mu is 45 kg-55 kg; and then, paving the prepared cultivation base materials on the compartment surface in a strip shape with the width of 80cm, wherein the line spacing is 60cm, the thickness is 10 cm-15 cm, and the length can be determined according to the terrain conditions without limitation.

when the stropharia rugoso-annulata is fed and planted, the stropharia rugoso-annulata is still in a dry season in 4 months according to the characteristics of local climate, the temperature is high, and the growth of hypha is suitable, so the feeding and planting time of the stropharia rugoso-annulata is selected to be 4 months at the beginning. When the cultivation base material is used for laying and seeding, the strain standard of one bottle of stropharia rugoso-annulata per square meter is adopted for laying and seeding, and the strain is broken into 2cm square size and uniformly dotted at a position 5cm below the surface of the cultivation base material. Then, earthing up, taking inter-row soil during earthing up, shoveling the inter-row soil into a sheet with the thickness of 3cm by using a shovel, and covering the sheet on the cultivation base material embedded with the strain; the thickness of the covering soil layer on the cultivation base material is 3 cm.

In specific implementation, according to the biological characteristics of stropharia rugoso-annulata, the technical system simulates wild off-season cultivation of stropharia rugoso-annulata in combination with environmental conditions of low temperature and high humidity under summer in high-altitude areas in the south, helps local farmers to take off poverty and run well, and establishes a model for off-season cultivation of edible fungi in the high-altitude areas in the south.

The large number of dry branches and fallen leaves in high-altitude areas in south are the main causes of forest fires, especially in april every year; the design of the invention and the limitation of the site selection and the seed laying time of the stropharia rugoso-annulata not only provide the environmental conditions suitable for the growth of the stropharia rugoso-annulata, but also stimulate the collection and the utilization of the large dry branches and the fallen leaves in the southern high-altitude areas, reduce the fire hazard and change waste into valuable; the base material after the stropharia rugoso-annulata is planted is left under the tree, so that good organic matters are provided for the tree, meanwhile, the microbial system of the tree is improved, and the healthy growth of the whole tree is promoted.

When the growth process of the stropharia rugoso-annulata is managed, the management can be divided into hypha period management and fruiting period management; in the hypha stage, the water content of the culture base material below the covering soil is kept between 55 and 65 percent; the hypha of the stropharia rugoso-annulata germinates and eats within 24 hours after sowing, and the moisture of the cultivation base material can meet the growth of the hypha in the early stage, and no or little water is sprayed in the early stage, so that the cultivation base material below the covering soil can be kept at about 60 percent of water content.

When the hyphae grow for about 20 days and the hyphae of the strains in the cultivation base material grow to be more than half of the embedding depth of the hyphae, covering a leaf with the thickness of 2.8 cm-3.2 cm on the cultivation base material; and particularly, the pine needles are preferably covered, and meanwhile, the covering thickness is about 3 cm.

In the fruiting period, hypha grows for about 60 days, namely about 6 months before the local time, the hypha enters the soil and is twisted, and fruiting is started; at this time, the hyphae fully grow to the beginning of covering soil, the water demand is large, and the air humidity in the area is kept about 90% so as to facilitate the hyphae to kink and form small mushroom buds. In the season, the high-altitude areas in the south are basically rainy, rainwater can basically meet the humidity requirement, watering is needed when the soil surface is white in extreme weather without rain for a long time, and watering is preferably performed on a wet permeable soil layer.

When in collection, timely collection is carried out according to market demands, when the fungus folds of the sporocarp are not broken or are just broken, the collection is in a proper period when the pileus is bell-shaped, and meanwhile, the area is generally collected to 10 late months according to the characteristics of temperature and moisture. And the position is considered aiming at the growth habit of the stropharia rugoso-annulata, and the application position of the design can be directly limited to the area position with the altitude higher than 1800 meters in Liangshan in Sichuan by combining the method for cultivating the stropharia rugoso-annulata.

In the practical process, the cost required in the design of the invention is 2000 yuan per mu of stropharia rugoso-annulata strain, 3000 yuan of raw material, 1500 yuan of labor cost, 7500 yuan in total, 4000 jin of strain produced per mu, 5 yuan/jin of calculation according to the summer acquisition price, 20000 yuan per mu of output value and 12500 yuan per mu of pure profit, if the local common people plant the strain by themselves, the cost except the strain can be solved by the labor force of the people, and the profit per mu can reach 18000 yuan. And the technology scientifically simplifies the operation procedure from the aspect of cultivation mode design, and is suitable for farmers who do not have experience in producing stropharia rugoso-annulata locally.

Moreover, the growth of stropharia rugoso-annulata mycelia needs higher temperature, the fruiting stage needs low-temperature humid environment, the temperature requirements are just consistent with the climate in dry and rainy seasons of the area, the cost of manually adjusting the temperature and the humidity is saved while high-quality products are produced, the whole growth season is always in the appropriate temperature and humidity in summer, the biological conversion rate is higher, and the cultivation efficiency is improved.

in the description above, references to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," "one example," "an example," etc., indicate that the embodiment or example so described may include a particular feature, structure, characteristic, property, element, or limitation, but every embodiment or example does not necessarily include the particular feature, structure, characteristic, property, element, or limitation. Moreover, repeated use of the phrase "in accordance with an embodiment of the present application" although it may possibly refer to the same embodiment, does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.