阅读说明：本技术 一种多元素复合纳米硅溶胶制备的多功能木材保护剂及其制备方法 (Multifunctional wood protective agent prepared from multi-element composite nano silica sol and preparation method thereof ) 是由 余丽萍 李利芬 吴志刚 田美芬 于 2019-08-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及木材保护剂技术领域,具体是一种多元素复合纳米硅溶胶制备的多功能木材保护剂及其制备方法。本发明以价廉的单质硅水解的碱性硅溶胶和多种药剂进行复配,制备出能同时赋予木材阻燃、防腐、防霉、尺寸稳定等多种功效的多功能木材保护剂,该保护剂选用了特殊碱性硅溶胶及特定量的硼化物、氮磷化合物,在达到多组分复合,带来多重效果的同时,又使溶胶体系能充分保持稳定,不会导致快速凝胶,使我们能有充分的时间用其处理木材。本发明所用药剂原料来源广,价格低,制备简单,可用于木结构建筑的阻燃防腐处理。(The invention relates to the technical field of wood protective agents, in particular to a multifunctional wood protective agent prepared from multi-element composite nano silica sol and a preparation method thereof. The invention uses cheap alkaline silica sol hydrolyzed by simple substance silicon and a plurality of medicaments to compound, prepares the multifunctional wood protective agent which can simultaneously endow wood with a plurality of effects such as flame retardance, corrosion resistance, mildew resistance, stable size and the like, and the protective agent selects special alkaline silica sol and a specific amount of boride and nitrogen and phosphorus compounds, thereby achieving multi-component compounding, bringing multiple effects, simultaneously enabling the sol system to be fully kept stable, not causing rapid gelation, and enabling people to have sufficient time for processing wood. The agent has wide raw material source, low price and simple preparation, and can be used for flame-retardant and anti-corrosion treatment of wood structure buildings.)

1. a preparation method of a multifunctional wood protective agent prepared from multi-element composite nano silica sol is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) Preparing raw materials: taking alkaline nano silica sol, borax, boric acid and nitrogen-phosphorus compounds;

(2) adding alkaline nano silica sol into a container provided with a stirrer, and adding boric acid and borax while stirring until the solution is completely dissolved;

(3) After the nitrogen and phosphorus compounds are completely dissolved, the nitrogen and phosphorus compounds are added and stirred continuously until the nitrogen and phosphorus compounds are completely dissolved.

2. The preparation method of the multifunctional wood protectant prepared from the multi-element composite nano silica sol according to claim 1, wherein the weight parts of the components are as follows: 84-94 parts of alkaline nano silica sol, 1-4 parts of borax, 1-5 parts of boric acid, 0-2 parts of phosphoric acid and 2-8 parts of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds.

3. The method for preparing the multifunctional wood protectant from the multi-element composite nano silica sol according to claim 2, wherein the alkaline nano silica sol has a concentration of 10-30% and a particle size of less than 20 nm.

4. the method for preparing the multifunctional wood protectant by using the multi-element composite nano silica sol according to claim 3, wherein the nitrogen phosphorus compound is ammonium polyphosphate.

5. the preparation method of the multifunctional wood protectant prepared from the multi-element composite nano silica sol according to claim 4, wherein the weight parts of the components are as follows: 84-92 parts of alkaline nano silica sol, 1-4 parts of borax, 1-4 parts of boric acid, 0.5-2 parts of phosphoric acid and 3-8 parts of ammonium polyphosphate.

6. The method for preparing the multifunctional wood protectant by using the multi-element composite nano silica sol according to claim 3, wherein the nitrogen and phosphorus compound is ammonium dihydrogen phosphate.

7. the preparation method of the multifunctional wood protectant prepared from the multi-element composite nano silica sol according to claim 6, wherein the weight parts of the components are as follows: 88-94 parts of alkaline nano silica sol, 1-3 parts of borax, 1.5-5 parts of boric acid, 0-2 parts of phosphoric acid and 2-5 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate.

8. The multifunctional wood protective agent prepared from the multi-element composite nano silica sol prepared by the preparation method of the multifunctional wood protective agent prepared from the multi-element composite nano silica sol as claimed in claims 1-7.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of wood protective agents, in particular to a multifunctional wood protective agent prepared from multi-element composite nano silica sol and a preparation method thereof.

Background

Because China takes natural forest protection measures, the artificial fast-growing forest becomes a main timber forest, but the fast-growing wood has the defects of loose material, low density, low strength, corrosion resistance, flammability and the like, and the functional improvement of the artificial fast-growing forest wood is one of effective ways for relieving the shortage of wood resources and improving the industrial structure of wood. However, the conventional modifier with single function can not meet the requirements of people, the development of the modifier integrating multiple functions of corrosion prevention, mildew prevention, flame retardance, water resistance and the like is the main research direction of wood modification at present, and a multi-effect protective agent becomes the key point of wood modification research.

some medicaments have been the research focus of wood flame retardants due to the advantages of no toxicity, low price, good flame retardance, small influence on the mechanical properties of wood, simple treatment process and the like. For example, nitrogen and phosphorus systems mainly have good flame retardant effect on wood through the mechanisms of decomposing non-combustible gas by heating, reducing the thermal decomposition temperature, improving the char yield and the like. The boride is flame retardant through the mechanism that molten substances cover the surface of the wood to isolate oxygen and promote carbon formation, and has the functions of corrosion prevention, insect prevention and the like. However, the fatal defect of the agents is that the agents are easy to precipitate in a humid environment so as to lose the protection effect on wood.

researchers find that inorganic nano materials can be used for carrying out composite modification on wood base materials according to the facts that wood is slowly permeated by silicic acid for millions of years in nature and naturally mineralized to form silicified wood and based on a binary synergetic nano interface material technology. The nano silica sol has special surface effect, quantum size effect and small size effect, so that the interface effect and the compatibility between the medicine and wood can be enhanced. The wood is less destructive, and the excellent environmental characteristics of the wood are kept to the maximum extent.

At present, the main common researches for the nano-silica sol modification of wood are metal alkoxides M (OR) n (M is Si, Ti, B, Zn, Fe, etc., R is alkyl, and n is oxidation number), such as Tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), trimethoxy silane (MTMOS), n-butyl titanate (TBOT), tetraisopropyl titanate (TPT), etc. Although the wood has certain effect on improving the performance of various aspects of the wood, the wood has the biggest defects of high price, complex treatment process and no process and cost advantages in industrial production. The silica sol is compounded with other agents, but only one or two agents are compounded, the function is only single flame retardance or corrosion resistance, and the like, when the silica sol is compounded with a plurality of agents, the silica sol can be quickly gelled, and wood cannot be treated by the silica sol, so the silica sol on the market basically has a single function.

therefore, it is urgent to find a multifunctional wood protective agent which does not gel rapidly, has sufficient time for treating wood, and can simultaneously provide the functions of flame retardance, corrosion resistance, mildew resistance, dimensional stability and the like to the wood.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a multifunctional wood protective agent prepared from multi-element composite nano silica sol and a preparation method thereof, and the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:

A preparation method of a multifunctional wood protective agent prepared from multi-element composite nano silica sol comprises the following steps:

(1) Preparing raw materials: taking alkaline nano silica sol, borax, boric acid and nitrogen-phosphorus compounds;

(2) adding alkaline nano silica sol into a container provided with a stirrer, and adding boric acid and borax while stirring until the solution is completely dissolved;

(3) After the nitrogen and phosphorus compounds are completely dissolved, the nitrogen and phosphorus compounds are added and stirred continuously until the nitrogen and phosphorus compounds are completely dissolved.

Preferably, the weight parts of the components are as follows: 84-94 parts of alkaline nano silica sol, 1-4 parts of borax, 1-5 parts of boric acid, 0-2 parts of phosphoric acid and 2-8 parts of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds.

Preferably, the alkaline nano silica sol has a concentration of 10-30% and a particle size of less than 20 nm. The silica sol is prepared by a simple substance silicon hydrolysis method, has wide raw material sources, low price, environmental protection and better permeability to wood, and can well fix other compound agents in the wood by utilizing a gel system, thereby playing a role in durably protecting the wood.

preferably, the nitrogen and phosphorus compound is ammonium polyphosphate. Further preferably, the weight parts of the components are as follows: 84-92 parts of alkaline nano silica sol, 1-4 parts of borax, 1-4 parts of boric acid, 0.5-2 parts of phosphoric acid and 3-8 parts of ammonium polyphosphate. The borax and the boric acid can play a role in flame retardance and corrosion and mildew resistance; the ammonium polyphosphate can play a role in flame retardance; the phosphoric acid can play a role in delaying the gelation of a silica sol system and also play a certain flame retardant role, the composition of the phosphoric acid and the phosphoric acid has a synergistic effect, and the alkaline silica sol can improve the dimensional stability of the wood and increase the anti-losing performance of other medicaments.

Preferably, the nitrogen and phosphorus compound is ammonium dihydrogen phosphate. Further preferably, the weight parts of the components are as follows: 88-94 parts of alkaline nano silica sol, 1-3 parts of borax, 1.5-5 parts of boric acid, 0-2 parts of phosphoric acid and 2-5 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate. The borax and the boric acid can play a role in flame retardance and corrosion and mildew resistance, the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate can play a role in flame retardance, the phosphoric acid can play a role in delaying the gelation of a silica sol system and also can play a certain role in flame retardance, the composition of the borax and the boric acid has a synergistic effect, the silica sol can improve the dimensional stability of wood, and the anti-leaching performance of other agents is improved.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the technical effects that:

1. the multifunctional wood protective agent is prepared by compounding cheap alkaline silica sol hydrolyzed by simple substance silicon and various agents, and can endow wood with various functions of flame retardance, corrosion resistance, mildew resistance, stable size and the like.

2. The invention uses alkaline silica sol and various agents to carry out compounding, achieves multi-component compounding, brings multiple effects, simultaneously enables a sol system to be fully stable, does not cause rapid gelation, and can have sufficient time for treating wood.

3. the invention uses alkaline silica sol and various medicaments to compound, achieves multi-component compounding, brings multiple effects, simultaneously enables the sol to have moderate gelation time, the gelation time is too fast to facilitate wood treatment, the gelation time is too slow to fix the medicaments in the wood, the protective agent of the invention can be solidified in proper time, and the wood can smoothly absorb the protective agent and fix the medicaments in the wood.

4. The invention fixes other agents in the wood by using the alkaline silica sol, the agents cannot easily flow out in a rainy or humid environment, the long-lasting protection effect is realized on the wood, and all components are environment-friendly and nontoxic, and the environment cannot be polluted.

5. The invention uses alkaline silica sol and various medicaments for compounding, so that the oxygen index of wood is improved by 58-140%, the corrosion resistance is improved by 70-96%, the mould control efficiency is improved by 50-100%, the dimensional stability is improved by 25-49%, and the water absorption is reduced by 25-70%.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention is further defined below with reference to the specific embodiments, but the scope of the claims is not limited to the description.