阅读说明：本技术 一种数控车床自适应性夹装机构 (Self-adaptive clamping mechanism of numerical control lathe ) 是由 朱彬 陈佳 于 2021-08-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种数控车床自适应性夹装机构,属于机床技术领域。包括机身和若干工件夹持机构,工件夹持机构包括中空的主轴、转动连接在主轴外的缸体和若干个位于主轴上的夹持组件,夹持组件包括转动连接在主轴上的转轮、若干周向均匀分布在转轮上的夹持块和两根柱塞杆,柱塞杆与主轴垂直,各夹持块处于同一平面内,转轮上开设有与各夹持块一一对应的导向孔,导向孔垂直柱塞杆,主轴与缸体之间形成一液压腔,液压腔与一液压泵的出液端相连,液压腔压力增大后能够通过驱使柱塞杆内端挤压夹持块内端的方式使夹持块凸出转轮的轮面之外,转轮部分伸入主轴的中空腔内,缸体与机身固定相连。本发明具有能够通过主轴入料并夹装等优点。(The invention provides a self-adaptive clamping mechanism of a numerical control lathe, and belongs to the technical field of lathes. The clamping device comprises a machine body and a plurality of workpiece clamping mechanisms, each workpiece clamping mechanism comprises a hollow main shaft, a cylinder body and a plurality of clamping assemblies, the cylinder body is rotatably connected outside the main shaft, the clamping assemblies are positioned on the main shaft and comprise rotating wheels rotatably connected to the main shaft, a plurality of clamping blocks and two plunger rods, the circumferential directions of the clamping blocks are uniformly distributed on the rotating wheels, the plunger rods are perpendicular to the main shaft, the clamping blocks are positioned in the same plane, guide holes corresponding to the clamping blocks one to one are formed in the rotating wheels, the guide holes are perpendicular to the plunger rods, a hydraulic cavity is formed between the main shaft and the cylinder body and is connected with a liquid outlet end of a hydraulic pump, the clamping blocks can protrude out of the wheel surface of the rotating wheels in a mode that the inner ends of the clamping blocks are extruded by driving the inner ends of the plunger rods after the pressure of the hydraulic cavity is increased, the rotating wheels partially extend into the hollow cavity of the main shaft, and the cylinder body is fixedly connected with the machine body. The invention has the advantages of feeding and clamping through the main shaft and the like.)

1. The self-adaptive clamping mechanism of the numerical control lathe is characterized by comprising a machine body (1) and a plurality of workpiece clamping mechanisms, wherein each workpiece clamping mechanism comprises a hollow main shaft (21), a cylinder body (22) rotationally connected outside the main shaft (21) and a plurality of clamping components positioned on the main shaft (21), each clamping component comprises a rotating wheel (31) rotationally connected to the main shaft (21), a plurality of clamping blocks (32) circumferentially and uniformly distributed on the rotating wheel (31) and two plunger rods (33), the two plunger rods (33) are positioned on the same straight line, the plunger rods (33) are perpendicular to the main shaft (21), each clamping block (32) is positioned in the same plane, guide holes corresponding to the clamping blocks (32) one by one are formed in the rotating wheel (31), the guide holes are perpendicular to the plunger rods (33), a first conical guide part (34) is arranged at the inner end of each clamping block (32), the inner end of the plunger rod (33) is provided with a conical guide part II (35) matched with the conical guide part I (34); a return spring (36) is arranged between the conical guide part I (34) and the rotating wheel (31); a hydraulic cavity is formed between the main shaft (21) and the cylinder body (22), the hydraulic cavity is connected with the liquid outlet end of a hydraulic pump, the clamping block (32) protrudes out of the wheel surface of the rotating wheel (31) in a mode that the inner end of the plunger rod (33) is driven to extrude the inner end of the clamping block (32) after the pressure of the hydraulic cavity is increased, the rotating wheel (31) partially extends into the hollow cavity of the main shaft (21), the cylinder body (22) is fixedly connected with the machine body (1), and the main shaft (21) is driven by an output motor (4).

2. The self-adaptive clamping mechanism of the numerical control lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that a booster turbine (23) is fixedly arranged on the main shaft (21), the booster turbine (23) divides a hydraulic cavity into a booster cavity (24) and a liquid inlet cavity (25), a liquid outlet end of the hydraulic pump is communicated with the liquid inlet cavity (25), and each clamping assembly is positioned in the booster cavity (24); the booster turbine (23) can increase the pressure in the booster cavity (24) when the main shaft (21) rotates in the forward direction, and the booster turbine (23) can decrease the pressure in the booster cavity (24) when the main shaft (21) rotates in the reverse direction.

3. The self-adaptive clamping mechanism of the numerical control lathe according to claim 2, characterized in that the main shaft (21) is provided with mounting cavities corresponding to the clamping components one by one, the mounting cavities are communicated with a hollow cavity of the main shaft (21), and the rotating wheel (31) is positioned in the mounting cavities.

4. The adaptive clamping mechanism of the numerical control lathe according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the number of the workpiece clamping mechanisms is three, and the workpiece clamping mechanisms are distributed at intervals along the axial direction of the main shaft (21).

5. The adaptive clamping mechanism of numerical control lathe according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the same workpiece clamping mechanism has four clamping components.

6. The adaptive clamping mechanism of the numerical control lathe according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the output motor (4) is fixed on the lathe body (1), a first belt wheel (41) is fixedly arranged on an output shaft of the output motor (4), a second belt wheel (42) is fixedly arranged on the main shaft (21), and a belt is connected between the first belt wheel (41) and the second belt wheel (42).

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of machine tools, and relates to a self-adaptive clamping mechanism of a numerical control lathe.

Background

In the process of machining through a numerical control lathe, the influence of the dismounting efficiency of a workpiece on the machining efficiency is great, the automation of feeding and discharging also depends heavily on the design of a tool, the clamping precision, the clamping reliability and the feeding smoothness of the tool are required to be improved by automatic feeding and discharging, the machining efficiency can be improved, and the operation safety is also positively influenced.

Chinese patent with application number CN202010762778.1 discloses a spindle-loading numerically-controlled machine tool, which utilizes a cylinder and a one-way limiting structure to realize the movement and clamping of a workpiece, and it is difficult to see that the clamping precision is low, and the spindle cannot rotate, and can only be used for cutting pipe workpieces, and cannot cut shaft workpieces.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a self-adaptive clamping mechanism of a numerical control lathe aiming at the problems in the prior art, and the technical problem to be solved by the invention is how to efficiently clamp a workpiece in a manner of feeding the workpiece through a main shaft.

The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme: the self-adaptive clamping mechanism of the numerical control lathe is characterized by comprising a machine body and a plurality of workpiece clamping mechanisms, wherein each workpiece clamping mechanism comprises a hollow main shaft, a cylinder body rotationally connected to the outside of the main shaft and a plurality of clamping assemblies positioned on the main shaft, each clamping assembly comprises a rotating wheel rotationally connected to the main shaft, a plurality of clamping blocks and two plunger rods, the clamping blocks are circumferentially and uniformly distributed on the rotating wheel, the two plunger rods are positioned on the same straight line, the plunger rods are perpendicular to the main shaft, the clamping blocks are positioned on the same plane, the rotating wheel is provided with guide holes which are in one-to-one correspondence with the clamping blocks, the guide holes are perpendicular to the plunger rods, the inner ends of the clamping blocks are provided with first conical guide parts, and the inner ends of the plunger rods are provided with second conical guide parts matched with the first conical guide parts; a return spring is arranged between the first conical guide part and the rotating wheel; a hydraulic cavity is formed between the main shaft and the cylinder body and is connected with a liquid outlet end of a hydraulic pump, the clamping block can protrude out of the wheel surface of the rotating wheel in a mode that the inner end of the plunger rod is driven to extrude the inner end of the clamping block after the pressure of the hydraulic cavity is increased, the rotating wheel partially extends into the hollow cavity of the main shaft, the cylinder body is fixedly connected with the machine body, and the main shaft is driven by an output motor.

The hydraulic cavity is supplied with hydraulic oil with certain pressure, after the pressure of the hydraulic cavity is increased, the outer end of the plunger rod is pressed to move towards the middle of the rotating wheel, the first conical guide part on the plunger rod pushes the second conical guide part at the inner end of the clamping block to drive the outer end of the clamping block to extend out of the peripheral surface of the rotating wheel, and then a workpiece in the hollow cavity of the main shaft is clamped; after the pressure in the hydraulic cavity is reduced, the clamping block retracts under the action of the return spring, the clamping force on the workpiece is removed, and then the workpiece is loosened.

Furthermore, a booster turbine is fixedly arranged on the main shaft, the booster turbine divides the hydraulic cavity into a booster cavity and a liquid inlet cavity, the liquid outlet end of the hydraulic pump is communicated with the liquid inlet cavity, and each clamping assembly is positioned in the booster cavity; the booster turbine can increase the pressure in the booster cavity when the main shaft rotates in the forward direction, and the booster turbine can decrease the pressure in the booster cavity when the main shaft rotates in the reverse direction.

The existence of the booster turbine can make the hydraulic pressure that the outer end of the plunger rod receives produce the relevance with the rotational speed of main shaft, and the hydraulic pump provides certain basic hydraulic pressure to the feed liquor chamber, makes the outer end of the plunger rod produce certain clamping-force to the work piece, and when the main shaft forward rotation was processed the work piece with the cutter of cooperation main shaft one side, because of the rotatory booster turbine can make booster chamber pressure increase, and then make the main shaft rotatory faster, the clamping-force that the work piece received is big more, avoids the work piece not hard up at high-speed rotatory in-process, guarantees clamping accuracy and reliability.

The pressure of the liquid inlet cavity can be momentarily reduced in the rotating process of the supercharging turbine, the hydraulic pump supplies pressure to the liquid inlet cavity, and the pressure difference between the liquid inlet cavity and the supercharging cavity is not too large, so that the supercharging effect of the supercharging turbine is obvious.

When the workpiece is dismounted, the hydraulic pump can be controlled to enable the pressure of the hydraulic cavity to be smaller, so that the clamping block retracts, and when the clamping block is possibly clamped, the pressure of the hydraulic cavity can be further reduced, so that the clamping block is forced to retract.

Furthermore, the main shaft is provided with mounting cavities corresponding to the clamping assemblies one by one, the mounting cavities are communicated with the hollow cavity of the main shaft, and the rotating wheel is located in the mounting cavities.

The arrangement of the installation cavity can ensure that only the outer end of the plunger rod of the whole clamping assembly is communicated with the hydraulic cavity, and the clamping block is not influenced by hydraulic pressure.

Furthermore, the number of the workpiece clamping mechanisms is three, and the workpiece clamping mechanisms are distributed at intervals along the axis direction of the main shaft.

The workpiece clamping mechanisms can clamp a plurality of positions in the axial direction of the workpiece, the rotating stability of the workpiece is improved, and the clamping precision and the clamping reliability can be improved in a multi-position clamping mode.

Furthermore, the same workpiece clamping mechanism is provided with four clamping components.

Four centre gripping subassemblies mean to have four grip blocks on the same runner, and when the work piece was by the centre gripping, there were two grip blocks to act on the work piece on the same runner, and two grip block symmetric distributions are 45 degrees inclinations between the axis of grip block and work piece, can make the work piece along the all difficult removals of two directions of main shaft axis under clamping status like this, and the work piece can not take place not hard up when receiving the exogenic action of cutter, improves the machining precision.

Furthermore, the output motor is fixed on the machine body, a first belt wheel is fixedly arranged on an output shaft of the output motor, a second belt wheel is fixedly arranged on the main shaft, and a belt is connected between the first belt wheel and the second belt wheel.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an automatic feeding and discharging lathe.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion a in fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view in the direction D-D in fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion C in fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion B in fig. 1.

Fig. 6 is an enlarged view of a portion E of fig. 3.

In the figure, 1, a fuselage; 21. a main shaft; 22. a cylinder body; 23. a booster turbine; 24. a pressurizing cavity; 25. a liquid inlet cavity; 31. a rotating wheel; 32. a clamping block; 33. a plunger rod; 34. a first conical guide part; 35. a second conical guide part; 36. a return spring; 4. an output motor; 41. a first pulley; 42. a second pulley; 51. a slider; 52. a housing; 53. a rotating drum; 54. a permanent magnet member; 55. a field coil; 56. a coil spring; 57. a first cylinder; 58. a material returning rod; 61. a second cylinder; 62. a first material placing groove; 63. a second material placing groove; 64. a return spring.

Detailed Description

The following are specific embodiments of the present invention and are further described with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3 and 6, the automatic feeding and discharging numerically controlled lathe comprises a machine body 1, a plurality of workpiece clamping mechanisms, a feeding mechanism and a discharging mechanism, wherein each workpiece clamping mechanism comprises a hollow main shaft 21, a cylinder body 22 rotatably connected outside the main shaft 21 and a plurality of clamping assemblies located on the main shaft 21, each clamping assembly comprises a rotating wheel 31 rotatably connected to the main shaft 21, a plurality of clamping blocks 32 and two plunger rods 33, the clamping blocks 32 are circumferentially and uniformly distributed on the rotating wheel 31, the two plunger rods 33 are located on the same straight line, the plunger rods 33 are perpendicular to the main shaft 21, the clamping blocks 32 are located in the same plane, guide holes corresponding to the clamping blocks 32 one by one are formed in the rotating wheel 31, the guide holes are perpendicular to the plunger rods 33, a first conical guide part 34 is formed in the inner ends of the clamping blocks 32, and a second conical guide part 35 matched with the first conical guide part 34 is formed in the inner ends of the plunger rods 33; a return spring 36 is arranged between the first conical guide part 34 and the rotating wheel 31; a hydraulic cavity is formed between the main shaft 21 and the cylinder body 22 and is connected with the liquid outlet end of a hydraulic pump, after the pressure of the hydraulic cavity is increased, the clamping block 32 protrudes out of the wheel surface of the rotating wheel 31 in a mode of driving the inner end of the plunger rod 33 to press the inner end of the clamping block 32, the rotating wheel 31 partially extends into the hollow cavity of the main shaft 21, the cylinder body 22 is fixedly connected with the machine body 1, and the main shaft 21 is driven by an output motor 4.

By providing hydraulic oil with certain pressure to the hydraulic cavity, after the pressure of the hydraulic cavity is increased, the outer end of the plunger rod 33 is pressed to move towards the middle of the rotating wheel 31, and the first conical guide part 34 on the plunger rod 33 pushes the second conical guide part 35 at the inner end of the clamping block 32 to drive the outer end of the clamping block 32 to extend out of the peripheral surface of the rotating wheel 31, so that a workpiece in the hollow cavity of the main shaft 21 is clamped; after the pressure in the hydraulic cavity is reduced, the clamping block 32 retracts under the action of the return spring 36, the clamping force on the workpiece is released, and then the workpiece is loosened.

A booster turbine 23 is fixedly arranged on the main shaft 21, the booster turbine 23 divides the hydraulic cavity into a booster cavity 24 and a liquid inlet cavity 25, the liquid outlet end of the hydraulic pump is communicated with the liquid inlet cavity 25, and each clamping assembly is positioned in the booster cavity 24; the turbo 23 can increase the pressure in the booster chamber 24 when the main shaft 21 rotates in the forward direction, and the turbo 23 can decrease the pressure in the booster chamber 24 when the main shaft 21 rotates in the reverse direction.

The existence of the booster turbine 23 can enable the hydraulic pressure received by the outer end of the plunger rod 33 to be related to the rotating speed of the main shaft 21, the hydraulic pump provides a certain basic hydraulic pressure for the liquid inlet cavity 25, the outer end of the plunger rod 33 generates a certain clamping force for a workpiece, when the main shaft 21 rotates in the forward direction to match a cutter on one side of the main shaft 21 to process the workpiece, the pressure of the booster cavity 24 can be increased due to the rotation of the booster turbine 23, the faster the main shaft 21 rotates, the larger the clamping force received by the workpiece is, the workpiece is prevented from loosening in the high-speed rotation process, and the clamping precision and reliability are ensured.

The pressure of the liquid inlet cavity 25 is momentarily reduced in the rotating process of the booster turbine 23, and the hydraulic pump supplies pressure to the liquid inlet cavity 25, so that the pressure difference between the liquid inlet cavity 25 and the booster cavity 24 is not too large, and the booster effect of the booster turbine 23 is obvious.

When the workpiece is removed, the hydraulic pump can be controlled to make the pressure of the hydraulic cavity smaller, so that the clamping block 32 retracts, and when the clamping block 32 possibly is clamped, the pressure of the hydraulic cavity can be further reduced, so that the clamping block 32 is forced to retract.

The main shaft 21 is provided with mounting cavities corresponding to the clamping assemblies one by one, the mounting cavities are communicated with the hollow cavity of the main shaft 21, and the rotating wheel 31 is positioned in the mounting cavities. The provision of the mounting chamber ensures that only the outer end of the plunger rod 33 of the entire clamping assembly is in communication with the hydraulic chamber, while the clamping block 32 is not affected by the hydraulic pressure.

The number of the workpiece holding mechanisms is three, and the workpiece holding mechanisms are distributed at intervals along the axial direction of the main shaft 21. The workpiece clamping mechanisms can clamp a plurality of positions in the axial direction of the workpiece, the rotating stability of the workpiece is improved, and the clamping precision and the clamping reliability can be improved in a multi-position clamping mode.

Four clamping components are arranged on the same workpiece clamping mechanism. Four centre gripping subassemblies mean to have four grip blocks 32 on the same runner 31, and when the work piece was by the centre gripping, there are two grip blocks 32 to act on the work piece on the same runner 31, and two grip blocks 32 symmetric distribution, be 45 degrees inclinations between the axis of grip block 32 and work piece, can make the work piece all not easily remove along two directions of main shaft 21 axis under the clamping state like this, and the work piece can not take place to become flexible when receiving the exogenic action of cutter, improves the machining precision.

As shown in fig. 1 and 5, a sliding block 51 located at one side of the discharging end of the main shaft 21 is slidably connected to the body 1, a housing 52 is fixedly arranged on the sliding block 51, a rotating drum 53 coaxial with the main shaft 21 is rotatably connected to the housing 52, a plurality of permanent magnetic members 54 are arranged outside the rotating drum 53, an excitation coil 55 is arranged in the housing 52, a coil spring 56 for clamping a workpiece is inserted into the rotating drum 53, and two ends of the coil spring 56 are respectively fixed to the rotating drum 53 and the housing 52.

The body 1 is provided with a first air cylinder 57, and a push rod of the first air cylinder 57 is fixedly connected with the slide block 51.

A material returning rod 58 coaxial with the rotary drum 53 is fixedly arranged on the machine body 1, and the rotary drum 53 is positioned between the main shaft 21 and the material returning rod 58.

The permanent magnet 54 and the excitation coil 55 form a motor, the drum 53 can be driven to rotate relative to the housing 52 after the excitation coil 55 is energized, because the drum 53 is fixed with one end of the coil spring 56, the coil spring 56 can be driven to be twisted in the forward rotation process by the drum 53, namely, the number of turns of the coil spring 56 is increased, the total length of the coil spring 56 is not obviously changed because the two ends are fixed, the inner diameter of the coil spring 56 is inevitably reduced in the number of turns increasing process, so that the workpiece can be clamped, the primary clamping of the workpiece is realized, after the workpiece is processed, the end of the workpiece can be clamped by the primary clamping mechanism, the workpiece clamping mechanism in the main shaft 21 releases the clamping of the workpiece, the first cylinder 57 pulls the sliding block 51 outwards, the workpiece can be drawn away from the main shaft 21, after the workpiece is disengaged from the main shaft 21, the drum 53 can be controlled to rotate reversely, so that the coil spring 56 releases the workpiece in the drum 53, the first air cylinder 57 continues to pull the slide block 51 outwards, the material pushing rod is inserted into the rotary drum 53, the workpiece in the rotary drum 53 is pushed out, and automatic discharging of the machined workpiece is completed.

It can be easily seen that the scheme adopts the characteristics that the number of turns is increased and the inner diameter is reduced when the spiral spring 56 is twisted, the workpiece is clamped in the workpiece discharging process, although the clamping precision is low, the clamping mechanism has the characteristics of reliable clamping, no scratch on the workpiece due to a large contact surface with the workpiece, and high clamping and loosening efficiency, and has the advantages of simple structure and convenience in control when the shaft type workpiece is discharged.

As shown in fig. 1 and 4, a second cylinder 61 is disposed on the body 1 near the feeding end of the main shaft 21, a first material accommodating groove 62 is disposed on a push rod of the second cylinder 61, a supporting block is slidably connected to the push rod of the second cylinder 61, a second material accommodating groove 63 is disposed on the supporting block, and a return spring 64 is connected between the supporting block and the push rod of the second cylinder 61. A workpiece is fed into the main shaft 21 through the second air cylinder 61, specifically, the workpiece is fed into the first material placing groove 62 and the second material placing groove 63 through a manual or mechanical arm or other feeding structure, the second air cylinder 61 pushes the first material placing groove 62 and the second material placing groove 63 to be close to the feeding end of the main shaft 21, and after the second material placing groove 63 contacts the main shaft 21, the workpiece can be continuously fed into the main shaft 21; this structure can shorten the length of the second cylinder 61 while ensuring smooth placement of the workpiece before insertion into the main shaft 21.

The output motor 4 is fixed on the machine body 1, a first belt wheel 41 is fixedly arranged on an output shaft of the output motor 4, a second belt wheel 42 is fixedly arranged on the main shaft 21, and a belt is connected between the first belt wheel 41 and the second belt wheel 42.

The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.