阅读说明：本技术 一种抛光设备 (Polishing equipment ) 是由 郭海林 王大森 夏超翔 张旭 李晓静 裴宁 聂凤明 张广平 于 2021-07-13 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种抛光设备,包括：机架(1)、抛光头(2)、第一传感器(3)、转动件(4)和第一驱动件(5),所述抛光头(2)连接有第一连接件(21)；所述第一传感器(3)用于检测加工精度或检测待抛光面的几何尺寸,其连接有第二连接件(31)；所述转动件(4)以能转动的方式设于机架(1)上,且转动件(4)上设有供上述第一连接件(21)、第二连接件(31)择一地与其拆卸式连接的连接头(41)；所述第一驱动件(5)作用在转动件(4)上,以驱动转动件(4)旋转。与现有技术相比,本申请能减少工件装卸次数,从而提高加工效率,并且提高加工精度。(A polishing apparatus comprising: the polishing device comprises a rack (1), a polishing head (2), a first sensor (3), a rotating piece (4) and a first driving piece (5), wherein the polishing head (2) is connected with a first connecting piece (21); the first sensor (3) is used for detecting the machining precision or detecting the geometric dimension of a surface to be polished and is connected with a second connecting piece (31); the rotating piece (4) is arranged on the frame (1) in a rotatable manner, and the rotating piece (4) is provided with a connector (41) for selectively connecting the first connecting piece (21) and the second connecting piece (31) with the rotating piece in a detachable manner; the first driving part (5) acts on the rotating part (4) to drive the rotating part (4) to rotate. Compared with the prior art, the method and the device can reduce the loading and unloading times of the workpiece, thereby improving the processing efficiency and the processing precision.)

1. A polishing apparatus comprising:

a frame (1);

it is characterized by also comprising:

a polishing head (2) to which a first connecting member (21) is connected;

the first sensor (3) is used for detecting the machining precision or detecting the geometric dimension of the surface to be polished and is connected with a second connecting piece (31);

the rotating piece (4) is arranged on the rack (1) in a rotatable manner, and the rotating piece (4) is provided with a connector (41) for selectively connecting the first connecting piece (21) and the second connecting piece (31) with the rotating piece in a detachable manner;

a first driving member (5) acting on the rotating member (4) to drive the rotating member (4) to rotate.

2. The polishing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the connecting head (41) comprises an elastic chuck (411) and a locking member (412), the elastic chuck (411) is provided with a perforation (413) for at least partially extending into the first connecting piece (21) or the second connecting piece (31), and the aperture of the perforation (413) is reduced under the action of external force so as to clasp the first connecting piece (21) or the second connecting piece (31); the locking member (412) is sleeved on the periphery of the elastic chuck (411) to provide the external force.

3. The polishing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein: at least partial parts of the first connecting piece (21) and the second connecting piece (31) are rod-shaped bodies; the elastic chuck (411) is formed by arranging and connecting a plurality of elastic strips at intervals along the circumferential direction, and the elastic strips surround the through hole (413) along the circumferential direction; the first end of each elastic strip is connected with the rotating piece (4), the second end of each elastic strip is a free end, the locking piece (412) is a locking nut, and the locking nut is sleeved on the periphery of the second ends of the elastic strips and is in threaded connection with the rotating piece (4).

4. The polishing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the polishing head (2) is of a disc-shaped structure and is provided with a working surface (2a) for polishing operation and a connecting surface (2b) which is opposite to the working surface (2a) and is used for being connected with a first connecting piece (21), a spherical groove (22) is formed in the center of the connecting surface (2b), and a spherical head (211) capable of being inserted into the spherical groove is arranged on the first connecting piece (21); the polishing head further comprises a pin shaft, the side wall of the polishing head (2) and the spherical head (211) are respectively provided with a shaft hole (20) for the pin shaft to pass through, and the shaft holes (20) are basically parallel to the working face (2a), so that the polishing head (2) is rotatably connected with the first connecting piece (21).

5. The polishing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the first sensor (3) is used for detecting the machining precision, and the polishing machine further comprises a second sensor (6) used for detecting the geometric dimension of the surface to be polished, a third connecting piece (61) is connected to the second sensor (6), and the third connecting piece (61) is detachably connected to the connecting head (41).

6. The polishing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein: the first sensor (3) is a laser displacement sensor; the second sensor (6) is a three-coordinate probe.

7. The polishing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the first driving piece (5) comprises a stator (51) and a rotor (52), the stator (51) is arranged on the rack (1) and is a hollow cylindrical body, the rotor (52) is axially inserted into the stator (51) and can rotate relative to the stator (51) under the driving of the stator (51), and the rotating piece (4) is connected with the rotor (52).

8. The polishing apparatus according to claim 7, wherein: the part of the rotating part (4) connected with the rotor (52) is of a rod-shaped structure; the rotor (52) is a cylindrical body, a channel (520) which axially extends and penetrates through two ends of the rotor (52) is formed in the rotor (52), a rod-shaped structure of the rotating part (4) extends into the channel (520) from a first end of the rotor (52), the outer wall of the rod-shaped structure is in sealing fit with the inner wall of the channel (520), and a second end of the rotor (52) is an inlet end for working gas to enter, so that the rod-shaped structure moves along the channel (520) under the action of pressure generated by the working gas; the rod-shaped structure is connected with a connecting shaft (42) extending transversely, a positioning hole (521) for inserting the connecting shaft (42) is formed in the side wall of the rotor (52), the positioning hole (521) extends axially and is provided with a first end (5211) and a second end (5212) in the axial direction, and the rod-shaped structure covers the inner side of the positioning hole (521) in the state that the connecting shaft (42) abuts against the first end (5211) or the second end (5212).

9. The polishing apparatus according to claim 8, wherein: stator (51) and active cell (52) vertical setting, still including second driving piece (7) and third driving piece (8), the output of second driving piece (7) with stator (51) link to each other to drive stator (51) fore-and-aft rotation, on frame (1) was located in third driving piece (8), its output with second driving piece (7) link to each other for stator (51) the horizontal rotation that drive and second driving piece (7) link to each other.

10. The polishing apparatus according to claim 9, wherein: the frame (1) is arranged to be movable up and down under the influence of an external force.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of polishing, and particularly relates to polishing equipment.

Background

The numerical control small grinding head polishing technology is to realize full-size polishing of the optical element by controlling the polishing track and the residence time of the small grinding head by a computer and can process plane and aspheric optical elements. Through development for many years, the small grinding head polishing technology is successfully applied to ultra-precision machining of medium and small-caliber optical elements. With the development of the fields of aerospace, national defense industry and the like, the demand for large-size aspheric optical elements is increasingly urgent, and the manufacturing requirements of the large-size optical elements are high processing precision and high processing efficiency.

The polishing equipment of the prior aspheric optical element is disclosed by the invention patent with the patent number ZL201210467005.6, namely a polishing device and a polishing method of the aspheric optical element (the publication number is CN102922389B), and comprises a base, a workbench rotating driving motor, a workbench overturning driving motor, a workbench rotating shaft, a three-shaft linear motor, a three-shaft guide rail, a workbench overturning shaft, a workbench base, a workbench, an upright post, a cross beam, a Z-shaft base, an air bag tool and a control system. The polishing method comprises the following steps: the air bag tool finishes polishing a certain point on the aspheric optical element and other points on the ring belt of the aspheric optical element by matching the rotation of the workbench in a two-axis linkage manner; the workbench stops rotating, the Z-axis linear motor and the workbench overturning driving motor are controlled to enable the normal direction of the upper polishing point and the lower polishing point of the element to rotate to the vertical direction, the length of the airbag tool needing to be fed in the X-axis direction is calculated, and the operation is completed through the X-axis linear motor; and controlling a Z-axis linear motor to drive an air bag tool downwards to complete polishing of the upper and lower polishing points of the element and other points on the ring belt by matching the rotation of the workbench in a two-axis linkage manner.

The polishing tool adopting the small grinding head polishing technology at present is small in size, a servo motor is used as a driving source, the polishing surface shape is measured in an off-line measuring mode, the manufacturing efficiency of a large-size optical element is greatly influenced, workpieces need to be assembled and disassembled for many times in the machining process, the machining precision is reduced, and meanwhile, the risk of damage of the elements is increased due to the fact that the workpieces are carried for many times.

Disclosure of Invention

The first technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a polishing apparatus capable of reducing the number of times of loading and unloading workpieces, thereby improving the processing efficiency, in view of the current state of the prior art.

A second technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a polishing apparatus capable of precisely controlling a polishing pressure.

The third technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a polishing device suitable for processing large-size aspheric optical elements.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the first technical problem is as follows: a polishing apparatus comprising:

a frame;

it is characterized by also comprising:

a polishing head connected with a first connecting piece;

the first sensor is used for detecting the machining precision or detecting the geometric dimension of the surface to be polished and is connected with a second connecting piece;

the rotating piece is arranged on the rack in a rotatable manner, and is provided with a connector for selectively connecting the first connecting piece and the second connecting piece with the rotating piece in a detachable manner;

the first driving part acts on the rotating part to drive the rotating part to rotate.

The utility model provides an accessible bolted connection, joint or threaded connection etc. between each connecting piece and the connector, in the time of the dismouting of each connecting piece and connector for being convenient for, guarantee the joint strength of connector and connecting piece, preferably, the connector includes collet, retaining member, collet has the perforation that supplies the at least part of first connecting piece or second connecting piece stretches into wherein, and this fenestrate aperture reduces under the exogenic action to hold above-mentioned first connecting piece or second connecting piece tightly; the locking piece is sleeved on the periphery of the elastic chuck to provide the external force.

Preferably, at least part of the first connecting piece and the second connecting piece is a rod-shaped body; the elastic chuck is formed by arranging and connecting a plurality of elastic strips at intervals along the circumferential direction, and the elastic strips surround the through hole along the circumferential direction; the first end of each elastic strip is connected with the rotating part, the second end of each elastic strip is a free end, the locking part is a locking nut, and the locking nut is sleeved on the periphery of the second ends of the elastic strips and is in threaded connection with the rotating part. The aperture of the through hole can be reduced by screwing the locking nut, so that the elastic chuck holds the rod-shaped body of the first connecting piece or the second connecting piece tightly.

Preferably, the polishing head is of a disc-shaped structure and has a working surface for performing polishing operation and a connecting surface opposite to the working surface and used for connecting with a first connecting piece, a spherical groove is formed in the center of the connecting surface, and a spherical head capable of being inserted into the spherical groove is arranged on the first connecting piece; the polishing head is characterized by further comprising a pin shaft, shaft holes for the pin shaft to pass through are formed in the side wall of the polishing head and the spherical head, and the shaft holes are basically parallel to the working face, so that the polishing head is rotatably connected with the first connecting piece. And then the polishing head can be along with first connecting piece synchronous rotation, and the polishing head can also rotate relatively first connecting piece.

In the above solution, the first sensor is used for detecting the machining accuracy, and the polishing apparatus further comprises a second sensor for detecting the geometric dimension of the surface to be polished, the second sensor is connected with a third connecting member, and the third connecting member is detachably connected to the connecting head. The connection mode of the third connecting piece and the connector can refer to the connection mode of the first connecting piece, the second connecting piece and the connector.

Preferably, the first sensor is a laser displacement sensor; the second sensor is a three-coordinate probe.

In each of the above schemes, the first driving element includes a stator and a rotor, the stator is disposed on the frame and is a hollow cylindrical body, the rotor is axially inserted into the stator and can rotate relative to the stator under the driving of the stator, and the rotating element is connected with the rotor.

To further solve the second technical problem, preferably, a portion of the rotating member connected to the mover is a rod-shaped structure; the rotor is a cylindrical body, a channel which axially extends and penetrates through two ends of the rotor is arranged in the rotor, a rod-shaped structure of the rotating part extends into the channel from a first end of the rotor, the outer wall of the rod-shaped structure is in sealing fit with the inner wall of the channel, and a second end of the rotor is an inlet end for working gas to enter, so that the rod-shaped structure moves along the channel under the action of pressure generated by the working gas; the rod-shaped structure is connected with a connecting shaft extending transversely, a positioning hole for inserting the connecting shaft is formed in the side wall of the rotor, the positioning hole extends axially and is provided with a first end and a second end axially, and the rod-shaped structure is shielded on the inner side of the positioning hole in the state that the connecting shaft abuts against the first end or the second end.

For further solving the above third technical problem, preferably, the stator and the rotor are vertically arranged, and the stator further comprises a second driving element and a third driving element, wherein an output end of the second driving element is connected with the stator to drive the stator to rotate forwards and backwards, the third driving element is arranged on the rack, and an output end of the third driving element is connected with the second driving element and used for driving the stator connected with the second driving element to rotate leftwards and rightwards.

Preferably, the frame is arranged to be movable up and down by an external force.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: through setting up rubbing head, first sensor, rotation piece and first driving piece, and rubbing head and first sensor can connect on the connector of rotation piece alternatively to can shirk, so, the user can select rubbing head or first sensor to install to the connector according to the polishing process on, realizes that the work piece can carry out polishing and detection on the normal position, and then has reduced the work piece clamping number of times, improves the processing effect. And the arrangement of the first sensor can improve the processing precision of the workpiece.

The first driving piece is designed into a structure with a stator and a rotor to drive the rotating piece to rotate, so that the driving mechanism has the advantages of simple structure and large driving torque; the pressure applied to the rotating part is controlled through air pressure through the structural design of the stator and the rotor, so that the polishing pressure can be accurately controlled; and because the inlet end is arranged at the top of the rotor, the rotation of the rotor does not influence the input of working gas.

The second driving piece and the third driving piece are additionally arranged and are matched with the rack to move up and down, so that the connector can move along the X, Y, Z axis direction, the movement precision is high, and the processing method is suitable for processing large-size aspheric optical elements.

Finally, the structure is simple and convenient to implement.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a front view of a polishing apparatus equipped with a polishing head in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a left side view of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a front view of a polishing apparatus equipped with a second sensor in the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a front view of a polishing apparatus equipped with a first sensor in the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of portion A of FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of portion B of FIG. 1;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a connection shaft and a positioning hole (in a polished state) according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying examples.

As shown in fig. 1 to 7, a preferred embodiment of a polishing apparatus according to the present invention includes a frame 1, a polishing head 2, a first sensor 3, a second sensor 6, a rotating member 4, a first driving member 5, a second driving member 7, and a third driving member 8.

The frame 1 is arranged to be movable up and down by an external force. And a structure for placing the first sensor 3 and the second sensor 6 is arranged on the frame 1. The first sensor 3 and the second sensor 6 can be removed from the frame 1.

The polishing head 2 is connected with a first connecting member 21, and the first connecting member 21 is a rod-shaped body vertically arranged. The polishing head 2 is in a horizontal disc-shaped structure and is provided with a working surface 2a for polishing and a connecting surface 2b opposite to the working surface 2a and used for being connected with the first connecting piece 21, the working surface 2a is positioned at the bottom surface of the polishing head 2, a polyurethane polishing pad is adhered to the working surface 2a, and a cross groove is formed in the polyurethane polishing pad. The center of the connecting surface 2b is provided with a spherical groove 22, and the bottom end of the first connecting piece 21 is provided with a spherical head 211 which can be inserted into the spherical groove 22; the polishing head further comprises a pin shaft, the side wall of the polishing head 2 and the spherical head 211 are both provided with a shaft hole 20 for the pin shaft to pass through, and the shaft hole 20 is basically parallel to the working surface 2a, so that the polishing head 2 is rotatably connected with the first connecting piece 21. The diameter of the polishing head 2 in this embodiment is 200mm, and the polishing heads 2 with different diameters can be replaced as required.

The first sensor 3 is a laser displacement sensor for detecting the machining accuracy, and the second sensor 6 is a three-coordinate probe for detecting the geometric dimension of the surface to be polished. And the first sensor 3 is connected with the second connecting piece 31, the second sensor 6 is connected with the third connecting piece 61, and the second connecting piece 31 and the third connecting piece 61 are rod-shaped bodies which are vertically arranged.

The first driving member 5 includes a stator 51 and a mover 52, the stator 51 is a vertically arranged and hollow cylinder, the mover 52 is a vertically arranged cylinder, the mover 52 is axially inserted into the stator 51 and is connected to the stator 51 through a bearing 53, and the mover 52 can rotate relative to the stator 51 under the driving of the stator 51. In addition, the mover 52 of the present embodiment has a channel 520 extending axially and penetrating through two ends of the mover 52, the channel 520 is vertically disposed, a second end (i.e., an upper end) of the channel 520 is an inlet end for the working gas to enter, an air inlet joint 9 is connected above the inlet end, a bottom of the air inlet joint 9 is inserted into the second end of the channel 520 and is connected to the mover 52 so as to rotate with the mover 52, and a sidewall of the bottom of the air inlet joint 9 is in sealing fit with an inner wall of the second end of the channel 520 through a first sealing ring 91. Meanwhile, the upper side wall of the air inlet joint 9 is provided with an air inlet 9a, the bottom wall of the air inlet joint is provided with an air outlet 9b, the air outlet 9b is arranged corresponding to the channel 520, the air outlet 9b is communicated with the air inlet 9a through an internal air passage 90, the internal air passage 90 is of an approximately inverted L-shaped structure, and therefore working gas entering from the air inlet 9a of the air inlet joint 9 can enter the channel 520.

The rotor 4 is partially connected to the mover 52 and can rotate synchronously with the mover 52. Specifically, the rotating member 4 is a rod-shaped structure extending vertically, the upper portion of the rod-shaped structure extends into the channel 520 from the first end (i.e., the lower end) of the mover 52, the outer wall of the upper portion of the rod-shaped structure is in sealing fit with the inner wall of the channel 520 through the second sealing ring 92, and a closed space is formed between the top end of the rod-shaped structure and the inner wall of the channel 520 as well as the bottom of the air inlet joint 9, so that the rod-shaped structure moves along the channel 520 under the action of pressure generated by the working gas. In this embodiment, in order to realize that the rod-shaped structure can synchronously rotate along with the mover 52 and can move up and down, the upper portion of the rod-shaped structure is connected with the connecting shaft 42 extending transversely, the sidewall of the mover 52 is provided with a positioning hole 521 for inserting the connecting shaft 42, and the aperture of the positioning hole 521 is matched with the outer diameter of the connecting shaft 42, specifically referring to fig. 7, the positioning hole 521 extends axially and has a first end 5211 and a second end 5212 in the axial direction, and the rod-shaped structure is shielded inside the positioning hole 521 in a state where the connecting shaft 42 abuts against the first end 5211 or the second end 5212. In addition, in the present embodiment, the second sealing ring 92 is disposed above the positioning hole 521 to further prevent the gas from leaking from the positioning hole 521. While the axially extending positioning hole 521 can preferably restrict the rotation member 4 from moving up and down.

The bottom of the rotating member 4 is provided with a connector 41 for the first connecting member 21, the second connecting member 31, and the third connecting member 61 to be detachably connected therewith alternatively, the connector 41 includes a collet 411 and a locking member 412, the collet 411 is formed by connecting a plurality of vertically arranged elastic strips at intervals along the circumferential direction, a first end (i.e. an upper end) of each elastic strip is connected with the rotating member 4, a second end (i.e. a lower end) is a free end, and each elastic strip is circumferentially enclosed to form a through hole 413 for the top of the first connecting member 21, the second connecting member 31, or the third connecting member 61 to extend upwards, and the hole diameter of the through hole 413 is reduced under the action of external force, so as to tightly hold the first connecting member 21, the second connecting member 31, or the third connecting member 61. The locking member 412 is disposed around the collet 411 to provide the external force. In this embodiment, the locking member 412 is a locking nut which is fitted around the outer circumference of the second end portion of the plurality of elastic bars and is screw-coupled with the rotation member 4. Meanwhile, in order to further improve the connection strength between the first connecting piece 21 and the rotating piece 4, the lower part of the rotating piece 4 is provided with a threaded hole 43 communicated with the through hole 413, the top of the first connecting piece 21 is provided with an external thread, and the top of the first connecting piece 21 penetrates through the through hole 413 and then extends into the threaded hole 43 to be in threaded connection with the rotating piece 4.

The second driving member 7 is a torque motor, and the output end thereof is connected to the stator 51 to drive the stator 51 to rotate back and forth. The third driving member 8 is a torque motor disposed on the frame 1, and an output end thereof is connected to the second driving member 7 for driving the stator 51 connected to the second driving member 7 to rotate left and right.

The method for polishing by adopting the polishing equipment of the embodiment comprises the following steps:

during polishing, a workpiece to be polished is fixed firstly, then the lock nut is loosened, and the lock nut is screwed after the second sensor 7 is installed. The geometric dimension of the workpiece is measured by the up-and-down movement of the frame 1 and the forward-and-backward and leftward-and-rightward rotation of the stator 51, and the geometric center of the workpiece is calculated and used as a polishing reference point. Then, the polishing head 2 is replaced, the working gas is turned on, the pressure generated by the working gas is transmitted to the rotating member 4 through the gas inlet joint 9, the rotating member 4 moves along a channel inside the rotor 52, the stator 51 of the first driving member 5 is energized, the rotor 52 starts to rotate, the rotation of the rotor 10 is transmitted to the rotating member 4 through the connecting shaft 42, the rotation of the rotating member 4 is transmitted to the polishing head 2, and the polishing head 2 starts to rotate. And controlling the position and the angle of the polishing head 2 according to the pre-generated numerical control code to remove the aspheric optical element material. And after single polishing, replacing the first sensor 3, carrying out on-site detection on the polished surface shape, and finally finishing the processing of the large-size aspheric optical element after multiple iterations of measurement and processing.

Each driving piece is torque motor in this application, and each part that the direct drive corresponds rotates. The torque motor has the advantages of simplified structure, compact structure and large output torque.