阅读说明：本技术 一种连续式低能耗的生物质活性炭制备系统及方法 (Continuous low-energy-consumption biomass activated carbon preparation system and method ) 是由 陆鹏 叶绿萌 闫显辉 方平 陈雄波 陈定盛 陈冬瑶 唐志雄 于 2021-08-11 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种连续式低能耗的生物质活性炭制备系统,包括热解室、燃烧室、活化室和给料机；热解室内设有第一往复炉排,活化室内设有第二往复炉排,活化室包括活性炭出口和第一烟气入口,燃烧室包括氧气入口和烟气出口,燃烧室内设有燃烧器；给料机的出口连接热解室,第一往复炉排的上方区域和第二往复炉排的上方区域均连通燃烧室的内部,燃烧室位于活化室的上方；第一烟气入口通过第一旁通管路连接烟气出口。一种连续式低能耗的生物质活性炭制备方法,采用上述生物质活性炭制备系统,生物质经热解、活化过程产生活性炭,产生的可燃性气体燃烧得到烟气,烟气为热解室供热并参与活化过程,本发明生产效率高、能耗低、污染少,属于活性炭制备领域。(A continuous low-energy-consumption biomass activated carbon preparation system comprises a pyrolysis chamber, a combustion chamber, an activation chamber and a feeder; a first reciprocating grate is arranged in the pyrolysis chamber, a second reciprocating grate is arranged in the activation chamber, the activation chamber comprises an activated carbon outlet and a first flue gas inlet, the combustion chamber comprises an oxygen inlet and a flue gas outlet, and a combustor is arranged in the combustion chamber; the outlet of the feeder is connected with a pyrolysis chamber, the upper area of the first reciprocating grate and the upper area of the second reciprocating grate are both communicated with the inside of a combustion chamber, and the combustion chamber is positioned above the activation chamber; the first flue gas inlet is connected with the flue gas outlet through a first bypass pipeline. The invention discloses a continuous low-energy-consumption biomass activated carbon preparation method, which adopts the biomass activated carbon preparation system, biomass generates activated carbon through pyrolysis and activation processes, the generated combustible gas is combusted to obtain flue gas, and the flue gas supplies heat to a pyrolysis chamber and participates in the activation process.)

1. The utility model provides a biomass active carbon preparation system of low energy consumption of continuous type which characterized in that: comprises a pyrolysis chamber, a combustion chamber, an activation chamber and a feeder;

a first reciprocating grate is arranged in the pyrolysis chamber, a second reciprocating grate is arranged in the activation chamber, the activation chamber comprises an activated carbon outlet and a first flue gas inlet, the combustion chamber comprises an oxygen inlet and a flue gas outlet, and a combustor is arranged in the combustion chamber; the outlet of the feeder is connected with a pyrolysis chamber, the upper area of the first reciprocating grate and the upper area of the second reciprocating grate are both communicated with the inside of a combustion chamber, and the combustion chamber is positioned above the activation chamber;

the first flue gas inlet is connected with the flue gas outlet through a first bypass pipeline.

2. A continuous, low energy consumption biomass activated carbon production system as defined in claim 1 wherein: the heat exchanger is arranged on the outer side of the pyrolysis chamber and used for heating the pyrolysis chamber, a second flue gas inlet is formed in the heat exchanger, and the second flue gas inlet is connected with a flue gas outlet through a second bypass pipeline.

3. A continuous, low energy consumption biomass activated carbon production system as defined in claim 2 wherein: a first flow control valve is arranged on the first bypass pipeline, and a second flow control valve is arranged on the second bypass pipeline.

4. A continuous, low energy consumption biomass activated carbon production system as defined in claim 3 wherein: the feeding machine is a screw feeder.

5. A continuous, low energy consumption biomass activated carbon production system as defined in claim 3 wherein: the inclination angles of the first reciprocating grate and the second reciprocating grate are both in the range of 5-10 degrees.

6. A continuous, low energy consumption biomass activated carbon production system as defined in claim 3 wherein: the first flue gas inlet is positioned below the second reciprocating grate.

7. A continuous, low energy consumption biomass activated carbon production system as defined in claim 3 wherein: the oxygen supplying device also comprises a blower, and the output end of the blower is connected with the oxygen inlet.

8. A continuous, low energy consumption biomass activated carbon production system as defined in claim 3 wherein: the first reciprocating grate and the second reciprocating grate are connected with each other through a hydraulic driving device.

9. A continuous low-energy-consumption biomass activated carbon preparation method, which adopts the continuous low-energy-consumption biomass activated carbon preparation system of any one of claims 3 to 8, and is characterized in that: feeding biomass into a pyrolysis chamber through a feeder for pyrolysis, feeding biochar obtained after pyrolysis into an activation chamber for activation, and feeding gas generated in the pyrolysis and activation processes into a combustion chamber for combustion to generate flue gas;

the flue gas is sent into the heat exchanger through a second bypass pipeline, so that the flue gas exchanges heat with the pyrolysis chamber through the heat exchanger, and the flow of the flue gas entering the heat exchanger is controlled through a second flow control valve;

the flue gas is sent into the activation chamber through a first bypass pipeline, the flue gas is used as an activating agent and provides heat at the same time, and the flow of the flue gas entering the activation chamber is controlled through a first flow control valve.

10. A continuous, low energy consumption process for the production of biomass activated carbon as claimed in claim 9 wherein: the temperature in the pyrolysis chamber is controlled within the range of 500-700 ℃, and the temperature in the combustion chamber is controlled within the range of 900-1100 ℃.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of activated carbon preparation, in particular to a continuous low-energy-consumption biomass activated carbon preparation system and method.

Background

The biomass activated carbon has wide sources and low price, can be used for water quality purification, flue gas purification, returning to fields, catalysts, catalyst carriers, electrode materials, energy storage and the like, and has wide application prospect and economic value.

The main preparation method of the biomass activated carbon is pyrolysis and activation. Pyrolysis is the process of devolatilization of biomass under an inert atmosphere to produce biochar, tar, and combustible gases. The activation is a process that the specific surface area and the pore volume of the biochar are obviously improved under the action of an activating agent. Physically activated with oxidizing gases (e.g. CO)₂、H₂O, etc.) as activating agent to activate the biochar, so that the closed pores are opened, the opened pores are enlarged, and new pores are created, but the reaction temperature is high, and the energy consumption is high. Chemical activation method for activating agent (such as H)₃PO₄KOH, etc.) with raw materials, simultaneous carbonization and activation, but with residual chemicals, secondary pollution.

There are several problems with the current biomass activated carbon production. Firstly, the byproduct tar and combustible gas generated by pyrolysis are difficult to be effectively utilized, the proportion of the byproduct tar and combustible gas accounts for about 80% of the raw materials, if the byproduct tar and combustible gas are not utilized, resources are greatly wasted, but the scale is limited to be usually small, the economical efficiency and the practicability of the combustible gas for combustion power generation or chemical production are not high, and the byproduct tar can corrode equipment; secondly, although the tar byproduct can be removed by condensed water washing, the secondary pollution of waste water can be generatedAnd the condensed tar is still difficult to treat; thirdly, if the activation is carried out by chemical method, the consumption of chemical agent is large, and the pollution of waste water is generated, if CO is adopted₂/H₂The O activation method needs to be heated to more than 800 ℃, has high energy consumption, is difficult to continuously operate because the carbonization and activation processes are separately carried out, and has low production efficiency.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention aims to: provides a continuous low-energy-consumption biomass activated carbon preparation system and method with low energy consumption, wherein the carbonization and activation processes are continuously carried out.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a continuous low-energy-consumption biomass activated carbon preparation system comprises a pyrolysis chamber, a combustion chamber, an activation chamber and a feeder; a first reciprocating grate is arranged in the pyrolysis chamber, a second reciprocating grate is arranged in the activation chamber, the activation chamber comprises an activated carbon outlet and a first flue gas inlet, the combustion chamber comprises an oxygen inlet and a flue gas outlet, and a combustor is arranged in the combustion chamber; the outlet of the feeder is connected with a pyrolysis chamber, the upper area of the first reciprocating grate and the upper area of the second reciprocating grate are both communicated with the inside of a combustion chamber, and the combustion chamber is positioned above the activation chamber; the first flue gas inlet is connected with the flue gas outlet through a first bypass pipeline.

Preferably, the continuous low-energy-consumption biomass activated carbon preparation system further comprises a heat exchanger, the heat exchanger is installed on the outer side of the pyrolysis chamber and heats the pyrolysis chamber, a second flue gas inlet is formed in the heat exchanger, and the second flue gas inlet is connected with the flue gas outlet through a second bypass pipeline.

Preferably, the first bypass line is provided with a first flow control valve, and the second bypass line is provided with a second flow control valve.

Preferably, the feeder is a screw feeder.

Preferably, the first reciprocating grate and the second reciprocating grate each have an inclination angle in the range of 5-10 °.

Preferably, the first flue gas inlet is located below the second reciprocating grate.

Preferably, the continuous low-energy-consumption biomass activated carbon preparation system further comprises a blower, and the output end of the blower is connected with the oxygen inlet.

Preferably, the continuous low-energy-consumption biomass activated carbon preparation system further comprises a hydraulic driving device, and the hydraulic driving device is respectively connected with the first reciprocating grate and the second reciprocating grate.

A continuous low-energy-consumption biomass active carbon preparation method adopts the continuous low-energy-consumption biomass active carbon preparation system, biomass is sent into a pyrolysis chamber through a feeder for pyrolysis, the biochar obtained after pyrolysis enters an activation chamber for activation, and gas generated in the processes of pyrolysis and activation rises to enter a combustion chamber for combustion to generate flue gas;

the flue gas is sent into the heat exchanger through a second bypass pipeline, so that the flue gas exchanges heat with the pyrolysis chamber through the heat exchanger, and the flow of the flue gas entering the heat exchanger is controlled through a second flow control valve;

the flue gas is sent into the activation chamber through a first bypass pipeline, the flue gas is used as an activating agent and provides heat at the same time, and the flow of the flue gas entering the activation chamber is controlled through a first flow control valve.

Preferably, the temperature in the pyrolysis chamber is controlled within the range of 500-700 ℃ and the temperature in the combustion chamber is controlled within the range of 900-1100 ℃.

The working process and the working principle of the continuous low-energy-consumption biomass activated carbon preparation system are as follows.

(1) The biomass entering from the feeding hole is conveyed into the pyrolysis chamber through the screw feeder;

(2) the biomass entering the pyrolysis chamber falls on the first reciprocating grate, high-temperature flue gas discharged from the combustion chamber supplies heat to the pyrolysis chamber in the external heat exchanger, the biomass is pyrolyzed in the pyrolysis chamber, volatilized tar and combustible gas enter the combustion chamber, and the generated biochar falls into the activation chamber;

(3) the tar and the combustible gas entering the combustion chamber are fully combusted and release heat under the action of pure oxygen to generate CO as a main component₂And H₂High temperature flue gas of O;

(4) part of high-temperature flue gas from the combustion chamber enters a heat exchanger to supply heat to the pyrolysis chamber, part of high-temperature flue gas enters an activation chamber, and the flow of the flue gas is controlled by a first flow control valve;

(5) the smoke fully activates the biochar in the activation chamber to generate CO and H₂When the combustible gas upwards enters a combustion chamber to be combusted to generate CO₂And H₂And O, the activated biochar falls to an activated carbon collecting device.

In the step (2), the temperature of the pyrolysis chamber is 500-700 ℃, and the combustible gas component is mainly H₂、CO、C_xH_yAnd the specific surface area of the biochar obtained by pyrolysis is 80-150m²The heat required by the pyrolysis process is from the heat released by the combustion of the oil and the gas in the combustion chamber, the mass of the pyrolysis oil and the pyrolysis gas accounts for about 80% of the raw materials, and the heat generated by the combustion is enough for supplying heat without an additional heat source.

In the step (3), the temperature of the combustion chamber is 900-_xTherefore, tar and NO are not generated_xAnd the pollution problem of the coke-containing wastewater. The main reactions that occur in the combustion process are as follows.

C_xH_yO_z+(x+y/4-z/2)O₂→xCO₂+y/2H₂O

2H₂+O₂→2H₂O

2CO+O₂→2CO₂

C_xH_y+(x+y/4)O₂→xCO₂+y/2H₂O

In the step (4), activating agent CO for activating the biochar₂And H₂O is a product of the combustion chamber, comes from flue gas generated by combustion, does not need to be additionally provided, has very high temperature, has the temperature of the activation chamber above 800 ℃, and has the following reaction, so that the specific surface area of the biochar is greatly improved to 500m²More than g.

C+CO₂→2CO

C+H₂O→CO+H₂

In the step (5), CO and H generated by the activation reaction₂Continuously enters the combustion chamber, and is combusted to provide heat and produce an activating agent CO₂And H₂O。

In summary, the present invention has the following advantages:

(1) the invention organically combines the processes of pyrolysis, combustion and activation, fully utilizes the pyrolysis by-products of tar and combustible gas, supplies heat to the processes of pyrolysis and activation by the heat after combustion, and generates CO as a combustion product₂And H₂And O is used as an activating agent for activating the biochar, so that energy and substances are recycled, and no additional heat source or activating agent is needed, and the energy consumption is low.

(2) According to the invention, biomass carbonization and activation are respectively carried out on two reciprocating grates which are connected and arranged at the same time, and under the drive of the reciprocating grates with a certain inclination angle, biochar and activated carbon gradually move backwards and finally fall into an activated carbon collecting device, so that continuous production can be realized, and the efficiency is high.

(3) According to the invention, pure oxygen combustion is adopted in the combustion chamber, the theoretical flame temperature is high, tar is combusted more thoroughly, and the problems of equipment corrosion, secondary pollution of coke-containing wastewater and the like caused by tar condensation are solved. NO production of NO compared with air combustion_xThe tail gas component is mainly CO₂、H₂And O. Therefore, the whole production process generates no waste water, waste residue and waste gas and has little pollution.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a continuous low energy consumption biomass activated carbon production system.

The device comprises a pyrolysis chamber 1, a first reciprocating grate 2, an activation chamber 3, a second reciprocating grate 4, a combustion chamber 5, a combustor 6, an air blower 7, a first bypass pipeline 8, a second bypass pipeline 9, a first flow control valve 10, a second flow control valve 11, a hydraulic driving device 12, an active carbon collecting device 13, a heat exchanger 14 and a feeder 15.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.

Example one

As shown in fig. 1, a continuous low-energy consumption biomass activated carbon preparation system comprises a pyrolysis chamber 1, a combustion chamber 3, an activation chamber 5 and a feeder 15; a first reciprocating grate 2 is arranged in the pyrolysis chamber, a second reciprocating grate 4 is arranged in the activation chamber, the activation chamber comprises an activated carbon outlet and a first flue gas inlet, the combustion chamber comprises an oxygen inlet and a flue gas outlet, and a combustor 6 is arranged in the combustion chamber; the outlet of the feeder is connected with a pyrolysis chamber, the upper area of the first reciprocating grate and the upper area of the second reciprocating grate are both communicated with the inside of a combustion chamber, and the combustion chamber is positioned above the activation chamber; the first flue gas inlet is connected with the flue gas outlet through a first bypass pipeline 8.

The utility model provides a biomass activated carbon preparation system of low energy consumption of continuous type still includes heat exchanger 14, and the heat exchanger is installed in the outside of pyrolysis chamber and heats the pyrolysis chamber, is equipped with second flue gas entry on the heat exchanger, and second flue gas entry passes through second bypass pipeline 9 and connects the exhanst gas outlet.

A first flow control valve 10 is arranged on the first bypass pipeline, and a second flow control valve 11 is arranged on the second bypass pipeline.

The feeding machine is a screw feeder.

The inclination angles of the first reciprocating grate and the second reciprocating grate are both in the range of 5-10 degrees.

The first flue gas inlet is positioned below the second reciprocating grate.

The continuous low-energy-consumption biomass activated carbon preparation system further comprises a blower 7, and the output end of the blower is connected with an oxygen inlet. When the system works, the blower is started to feed pure oxygen into the combustion chamber.

The continuous low-energy-consumption biomass activated carbon preparation system further comprises a hydraulic driving device 12, and the hydraulic driving device is respectively connected with the first reciprocating grate and the second reciprocating grate.

An activated carbon collecting device 13 is arranged below the activated carbon outlet, and the activated carbon moves towards the activated carbon outlet under the pushing of the second reciprocating grate and falls into the activated carbon collecting device.

A continuous low-energy-consumption biomass active carbon preparation method adopts the continuous low-energy-consumption biomass active carbon preparation system, biomass is sent into a pyrolysis chamber through a feeder for pyrolysis, the biochar obtained after pyrolysis enters an activation chamber for activation, and gas generated in the processes of pyrolysis and activation rises to enter a combustion chamber for combustion to generate flue gas;

the flue gas is sent into the heat exchanger through a second bypass pipeline, so that the flue gas exchanges heat with the pyrolysis chamber through the heat exchanger, and the flow of the flue gas entering the heat exchanger is controlled through a second flow control valve;

the flue gas is sent into the activation chamber through a first bypass pipeline, the flue gas is used as an activating agent and provides heat at the same time, and the flow of the flue gas entering the activation chamber is controlled through a first flow control valve.

The temperature in the pyrolysis chamber is controlled within the range of 500-700 ℃, and the temperature in the combustion chamber is controlled within the range of 900-1100 ℃. The temperature of the pyrolysis chamber can be controlled by adjusting the amount of flue gas introduced into the heat exchanger, and the temperature of the combustion chamber can be controlled by adjusting the amount of oxygen introduced.

The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.