阅读说明：本技术 一种真姬菇培养基的制作方法 (Preparation method of hypsizigus marmoreus culture medium ) 是由 郑列宜 余养朝 李兵敬 刘帅 唐志强 甘远强 于 2021-08-26 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种真姬菇培养基的制作方法,其原料按重量百分比如下：玉米芯20％～21％、棉籽壳11.5％～12％、麸皮11％～13％、米糠11％～14％、玉米粉3％～3.5％、大豆皮3.3％～3.5％、营养土2％～2.5％、木屑25％～26％、竹屑7.5％～8％、甜菜渣1.1％～1.5％、豆粕0.1％～0.15％、轻质碳酸钙0.05％～0.1％,有益效果：稳定培养基结构,保持其均一性；提高栽培瓶生物转化率,增加生产效益。(The invention discloses a preparation method of a hypsizigus marmoreus culture medium, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 20-21% of corncob, 11.5-12% of cottonseed hull, 11-13% of bran, 11-14% of rice bran, 3-3.5% of corn flour, 3.3-3.5% of soybean hull, 2-2.5% of nutrient soil, 25-26% of wood chip, 7.5-8% of bamboo chip, 1.1-1.5% of beet pulp, 0.1-0.15% of soybean meal and 0.05-0.1% of light calcium carbonate, and has the following beneficial effects: stabilizing the structure of the culture medium and keeping the homogeneity of the culture medium; improve the biotransformation rate of the cultivation bottle and increase the production benefit.)

1. A method for preparing a hypsizigus marmoreus culture medium is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: s1 raw material selection: selecting the following raw materials in percentage by weight

Raw materials Moisture requirement Dosage of Ratio of occupation of Corn cob 12％～14％ 100g～110g 20％～21％ Cotton seed hull 12％～14％ 58g～60g 11.5％～12％ Bran 12％～14％ 55g～60g 11％～13％ Rice bran 12％～14％ 55g～60g 11％～14％ Corn flour 12％～14％ 16g～20g 3％～3.5％ Soybean coat 12％～14％ 18g～20g 3.3％～3.5％ Nutrient soil 23％～25％ 10g～12g 2％～2.5％ Wood chip 70％～72％ 130g～140g 25％～26％ Bamboo bits 70％～72％ 80g-100g 7.5％～8％ Beet pulp 12％～14％ 7g-10g 1.1％～1.5％ Bean pulp 12％～15％ 5g-8g 0.1％～0.15％ Light calcium carbonate 2％～5％ 3g-5g 0.05％～0.1％ Total up to 537～605

S2, raw material treatment:

(1) sieving, piling and spraying, turning and fermenting the sawdust for later use;

(2) sieving bamboo scraps, piling, sprinkling, turning and fermenting for later use;

(3) adding water into the corncobs for pre-wetting;

(4) adding water into the cottonseed hulls for pre-wetting;

(5) pulverizing corn kernels, and sieving;

(6) pulverizing soybean meal and sieving;

(7) pulverizing beet residue, and sieving;

(8) mixing and stirring rice bran, soybean hull, nutrient soil and light calcium carbonate;

s3: raw material stirring

(1) Stirring dry materials: sequentially adding corn grain powder, soybean meal powder, beet residue powder, rice bran, wheat bran, soybean hull, nutrient soil and light calcium carbonate, and dry-mixing for 18-20 min;

(2) stirring wet materials: adding processed sawdust, bamboo sawdust, corn cob and cottonseed hull into the stirred dry material in sequence, and stirring for 18-20 min;

(3) adjusting moisture and pH value: adding ice water into the stirred wet material at a constant speed, adjusting the pH value, adding water, knitting and stirring to ensure that the final water content reaches 65-66% and the pH value is 6-7, and informing the whole stirring time to be 90-120 min.

2. The method for preparing a culture medium for hypsizigus marmoreus according to claim 1, wherein the culture medium comprises: in step S1, the wood chip processing includes the following steps:

(1) sieving the sawdust by a sieving machine with mesh size of 1cm +/-2 mm, stacking, turning the stacks for the first time when the temperature reaches 65-75 ℃, turning the stacks in the direction vertical to the direction of the stack length, flattening the surfaces of the stacks after turning, and standing for 2-3 days after flattening;

(2) turning the sawdust subjected to primary turning for the second time, turning the sawdust in the direction perpendicular to the width direction of the sawdust, spraying while turning the sawdust, adding 1.5-3.5 wt% of light calcium carbonate, flattening the surface of the sawdust after turning, and standing for 3-4 days;

(3) turning the secondary turned sawdust for three times, turning the sawdust in the direction perpendicular to the width direction of the sawdust during turning, flattening the sawdust after turning, unfolding the sawdust after turning for three times and the sawdust after turning for two times by 10-15cm, and standing for 3 days after turning for three times;

(4) and performing four times of turning on the sawdust subjected to three times of turning, wherein the four times of turning are the same as the three times of turning, simultaneously adding 1% of calcium superphosphate, and standing for 1-2 days after turning.

3. The method for preparing a culture medium for hypsizigus marmoreus according to claim 1, wherein the culture medium comprises: in step S1, the processing of the bamboo dust includes the following steps:

(1) sieving bamboo scraps by a sieving machine with mesh size of 1cm +/-2 mm, stacking, turning for the first time when the temperature reaches 65-75 ℃, turning according to the vertical direction of the stack length, flattening the surface of the stacked material after turning, and standing for 2-3 days after flattening;

(2) turning the bamboo scraps after the primary turning for the second time, turning the bamboo scraps in a direction vertical to the width direction of the bamboo scraps, spraying while turning the bamboo scraps, adding light calcium carbonate with the weight ratio of 1.5-3.5%, flattening the surface of the piled materials after turning, and standing for 3-4 days after flattening;

(3) turning the bamboo scraps after the secondary turning for three times, turning the bamboo scraps in the direction perpendicular to the direction of the pile width in the turning process, simultaneously, not needing to be flattened after the turning, unfolding the pile width after the tertiary turning and the pile width after the secondary turning for 10-15cm, and standing for 3 days after the tertiary turning;

(4) and (3) turning the bamboo scraps after the three-time turning for four times, wherein the four-time turning requirement is the same as that of the three-time turning, simultaneously adding 1% of calcium superphosphate, and standing for 1-2 days after turning.

4. The method for preparing a culture medium for hypsizigus marmoreus according to claim 1, wherein the culture medium comprises: in the step S1, the bean pulp, the corn kernels and the beet pulp are crushed by a flap crusher, and then screened by a screen with an aperture of 1mm, and the bean pulp, the corn kernels and the beet pulp are stirred by a spiral stirrer.

5. The method for preparing a culture medium for hypsizigus marmoreus according to claim 1, wherein the culture medium comprises: in step S1, the material for adjusting PH is lime or limewater as the alkaline substance, and calcium oxalate as the acidic substance.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of edible fungi, in particular to a method for preparing a hypsizigus marmoreus culture medium.

Background

Hypsizigus marmoreus, the academic name Hypsizigus marmoreus, belonging to the subphylum Basidiomycotina, class Agaricales, order Agaricales, family Tricholomataceae, genus Hypsizigus, also known as Hypsizigus marmoreus, Hypsizygus marmoreus, and the like, is a large fungus which is saprophytic on wooden substrates. In natural environment, generally, autumn grows on dead or living hardwood trees such as beech.

In the industrialized production process of hypsizigus marmoreus by using the traditional culture medium and the preparation method, when the sawdust and bamboo chips are turned and fermented, the sufficient fermentation of the sawdust and bamboo chips is influenced by the pretreatment mode, the uniformity of the culture medium is influenced, the fermentation is insufficient, lime is commonly used for adjusting the pH value in production, the problem is difficult to identify because the long cultivation period characteristic of the hypsizigus marmoreus causes that the improper sawdust and bamboo chips are used and treated, the problem occurrence time is very long, the hidden danger is large, the risk is high, the cost is high, the production efficiency is influenced, the problem solving speed is slow, the whole period is delayed, a large number of bad cultivation bottles are generated, the problem of unstable cultivation quality can be caused by the superiority of the culture medium, and the yield and the production cost of the hypsizigus marmoreus are influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

Technical problem to be solved

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: in the industrialized production process of hypsizigus marmoreus by using the traditional culture medium and the preparation method, when the sawdust and bamboo chips are turned and fermented, the sufficient fermentation of the sawdust and bamboo chips is influenced by the pretreatment mode, the uniformity of the culture medium is influenced, the fermentation is insufficient, lime is commonly used for adjusting the pH value in production, the problem is difficult to identify because the long cultivation period characteristic of the hypsizigus marmoreus causes that the improper sawdust and bamboo chips are used and treated, the problem occurrence time is very long, the hidden danger is large, the risk is high, the cost is high, the production efficiency is influenced, the problem solving speed is slow, the whole period is delayed, a large number of bad cultivation bottles are generated, the problem of unstable cultivation quality can be caused by the superiority of the culture medium, and the yield and the production cost of the hypsizigus marmoreus are influenced.

(II) technical scheme

In order to overcome the defects that in the industrialized production process of the hypsizigus marmoreus by using the traditional culture medium and the preparation method, when the sawdust and the bamboo sawdust are turned and fermented, the pretreatment mode influences the sufficient fermentation of the wood chips and the bamboo chips, influences the uniformity of the culture medium, has insufficient fermentation, generally uses lime to adjust the pH value in production, and has difficult identification of problems, because of the long cultivation period of the hypsizigus marmoreus, the problem occurrence of the hypsizigus marmoreus is very long in expression time, large in hidden danger, high in risk, high in cost and influencing the production efficiency after the improper treatment of sawdust and bamboo sawdust is used, and finally the problems of slow speed of solving the problems, delayed whole period, generation of a large number of bad culture bottles, unstable culture quality caused by the quality of the culture medium and influence on the yield and production cost of the hypsizigus marmoreus are solved, the invention provides a preparation method of the hypsizigus marmoreus culture medium, which comprises the following steps:

s1 raw material selection: selecting the following raw materials in percentage by weight

S2, raw material treatment:

(1) sieving, piling and spraying, turning and fermenting the sawdust for later use;

(2) sieving bamboo scraps, piling, sprinkling, turning and fermenting for later use;

(3) adding water into the corncobs for pre-wetting;

(4) adding water into the cottonseed hulls for pre-wetting;

(5) pulverizing corn kernels, and sieving;

(6) pulverizing soybean meal and sieving;

(7) pulverizing beet residue, and sieving;

(8) mixing and stirring rice bran, soybean hull, nutrient soil and light calcium carbonate;

s3: raw material stirring

(1) Stirring dry materials: sequentially adding corn grain powder, soybean meal powder, beet residue powder, rice bran, wheat bran, soybean hull, nutrient soil and light calcium carbonate, and dry-mixing for 18-20 min;

(2) stirring wet materials: adding processed sawdust, bamboo sawdust, corn cob and cottonseed hull into the stirred dry material in sequence, and stirring for 18-20 min;

(3) adjusting moisture and pH value: adding ice water into the stirred wet material at a constant speed, adjusting the pH value, adding water, knitting and stirring to ensure that the final water content reaches 65-66% and the pH value is 6-7, and informing the whole stirring time to be 90-120 min.

Further, in step S1, the wood chip processing includes the following steps:

(1) sieving the sawdust by a sieving machine with mesh size of 1cm +/-2 mm, stacking, turning the stacks for the first time when the temperature reaches 65-75 ℃, turning the stacks in the direction vertical to the direction of the stack length, flattening the surfaces of the stacks after turning, and standing for 2-3 days after flattening;

(2) turning the sawdust subjected to primary turning for the second time, turning the sawdust in the direction perpendicular to the width direction of the sawdust, spraying while turning the sawdust, adding 1.5-3.5 wt% of light calcium carbonate, flattening the surface of the sawdust after turning, and standing for 3-4 days;

(3) turning the secondary turned sawdust for three times, wherein in the turning process, turning is carried out in the direction perpendicular to the direction of the pile width, flattening is not needed after turning, the pile width after turning for three times and the pile width after turning for two times are unfolded by 10-15cm, standing is carried out for 3 days after turning for three times, and natural heat dissipation is realized to avoid anaerobic fermentation;

(4) and performing four times of turning on the sawdust subjected to three times of turning, wherein the four times of turning are the same as the three times of turning, simultaneously adding 1% of calcium superphosphate, and standing for 1-2 days after turning.

Further, in step S1, the processing of the bamboo chips includes the following steps:

(1) sieving bamboo scraps by a sieving machine with mesh size of 1cm +/-2 mm, stacking, turning for the first time when the temperature reaches 65-75 ℃, turning according to the vertical direction of the stack length, flattening the surface of the stacked material after turning, and standing for 2-3 days after flattening;

(2) turning the bamboo scraps after the primary turning for the second time, turning the bamboo scraps in a direction vertical to the width direction of the bamboo scraps, spraying while turning the bamboo scraps, adding light calcium carbonate with the weight ratio of 1.5-3.5%, flattening the surface of the piled materials after turning, and standing for 3-4 days after flattening;

(3) turning the bamboo scraps after the secondary turning for three times, turning the bamboo scraps in the direction perpendicular to the direction of the pile width in the turning process, simultaneously, not needing to be flattened after the turning, unfolding the pile width after the tertiary turning and the pile width after the secondary turning for 10-15cm, and standing for 3 days after the tertiary turning;

(4) and (3) turning the bamboo scraps after the three-time turning for four times, wherein the four-time turning requirement is the same as that of the three-time turning, simultaneously adding 1% of calcium superphosphate, and standing for 1-2 days after turning.

Further, in step S1, the bean pulp, the corn kernels and the beet pulp are crushed by a flap crusher, and then screened by a screen with an aperture of 1mm, and the bean pulp, the corn kernels and the beet pulp are stirred by a screw stirrer.

Further, in step S1, the material for adjusting pH is lime or limewater as the alkaline substance, and calcium oxalate as the acidic substance

(III) advantageous effects

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) optimizing a turning process and a stirring process, and ensuring that sawdust and bamboo sawdust are fully fermented when a culture medium is prepared; (2) stabilizing the structure of the culture medium and keeping the homogeneity of the culture medium;

(3) stabilizing the structure of the culture medium and keeping the homogeneity of the culture medium; .

Detailed Description

The present invention will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying examples, in which some, but not all examples of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example (b):

a preparation method of a hypsizigus marmoreus culture medium comprises the following steps:

s1 raw material selection: selecting the following raw materials in percentage by weight

Raw materials	Moisture requirement	Dosage of	Ratio of occupation of
				Corn cob	12％～14％	100g～110g	20％～21％
Cotton seed hull	12％～14％	58g～60g	11.5％～12％
				Bran	12％～14％	55g～60g	11％～13％
Rice bran	12％～14％	55g～60g	11％～14％
				Corn flour	12％～14％	16g～20g	3％～3.5％
Soybean coat	12％～14％	18g～20g	3.3％～3.5％
				Nutrient soil	23％～25％	10g～12g	2％～2.5％
Wood chip	70％～72％	130g～140g	25％～26％
				Bamboo bits	70％～72％	80g-100g	7.5％～8％
Beet pulp	12％～14％	7g-10g	1.1％～1.5％
				Bean pulp	12％～15％	5g-8g	0.1％～0.15％
Light calcium carbonate	2％～5％	3g-5g	0.05％～0.1％
				Total up to		537～605

S2, raw material treatment:

(1) sieving, piling and spraying, turning and fermenting the sawdust for later use;

(2) sieving bamboo scraps, piling, sprinkling, turning and fermenting for later use;

(3) adding water into the corncobs for pre-wetting;

(4) adding water into the cottonseed hulls for pre-wetting;

(5) pulverizing corn kernels, and sieving;

(6) pulverizing soybean meal and sieving;

(7) pulverizing beet residue, and sieving;

(8) mixing and stirring rice bran, soybean hull, nutrient soil and light calcium carbonate;

s3: raw material stirring

(1) Stirring dry materials: sequentially adding corn grain powder, soybean meal powder, beet residue powder, rice bran, wheat bran, soybean hull, nutrient soil and light calcium carbonate, and dry-mixing for 18-20 min;

(2) stirring wet materials: adding processed sawdust, bamboo sawdust, corn cob and cottonseed hull into the stirred dry material in sequence, and stirring for 18-20 min;

(3) adjusting moisture and pH value: ice water is added into the stirred wet material at a constant speed, the pH value is adjusted at the same time, water is added for weaving and stirring, the final water content is guaranteed to be 65% -66%, the pH value is 6-7, the whole stirring time is informed for 90-120min, and thus the dry material and the wet material are stirred respectively, the uniformity of the material in the earlier stage can be effectively guaranteed, the phenomenon of material agglomeration caused by one-time stirring is also prevented, and the stirring effect can be effectively improved.

Further, in step S1, the wood chip processing includes the following steps:

(1) sieving the sawdust by a sieving machine with the mesh size of 1cm +/-2 mm, stacking, turning the sawdust for the first time when the temperature reaches 65-75 ℃, turning the sawdust in the direction vertical to the direction of the stack length, flattening the surface of the sawdust after turning, and standing for 2-3 days after flattening;

(2) turning the sawdust subjected to primary turning for the second time, turning the sawdust in a direction perpendicular to the width direction of the sawdust, spraying while turning the sawdust, adding 1.5-3.5 wt% of light calcium carbonate, flattening the surface of the sawdust after turning, and standing for 3-4 days after flattening;

(3) turning the secondary turned sawdust for three times, wherein in the turning process, turning is carried out in the direction perpendicular to the direction of the pile width, flattening is not needed after turning, the pile width after turning for three times and the pile width after turning for two times are unfolded by 10-15cm, standing is carried out for 3 days after turning for three times, and natural heat dissipation is realized to avoid anaerobic fermentation;

(4) and performing four times of turning on the sawdust subjected to three times of turning, wherein the four times of turning are the same as the three times of turning, simultaneously adding 1% of calcium superphosphate, and standing for 1-2 days after turning.

Further, in step S1, the processing of the bamboo chips includes the following steps:

(1) sieving bamboo scraps by a sieving machine with mesh size of 1cm +/-2 mm, stacking, turning for the first time when the temperature reaches 65-75 ℃, turning according to the vertical direction of the stack length, flattening the surface of the stacked material after turning, and standing for 2-3 days after flattening;

(2) turning the bamboo scraps after the primary turning for the second time, turning the bamboo scraps in a direction perpendicular to the width direction of the bamboo scraps, spraying while turning the bamboo scraps, adding light calcium carbonate with the weight ratio of 1.5-3.5%, flattening the surface of the piled materials after turning, standing for 3-4 days after flattening, naturally radiating heat, and avoiding anaerobic fermentation;

(3) turning the bamboo scraps after the secondary turning for three times, turning the bamboo scraps in the direction perpendicular to the direction of the pile width in the turning process, simultaneously, not needing to be flattened after the turning, unfolding the pile width after the tertiary turning and the pile width after the secondary turning for 10-15cm, and standing for 3 days after the tertiary turning;

(4) and (3) turning the bamboo scraps after the three-time turning for four times, wherein the four-time turning requirement is the same as that of the three-time turning, simultaneously adding 1% of calcium superphosphate, and standing for 1-2 days after turning.

Further, in step S1, the bean pulp, the corn kernels and the beet pulp are crushed by a flap crusher, and then screened by a screen with an aperture of 1mm, and the bean pulp, the corn kernels and the beet pulp are stirred by a screw stirrer.

Further, in step S1, the material for adjusting pH is lime or limewater as the alkaline substance, and calcium oxalate as the acidic substance

It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.

Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.