阅读说明：本技术 一种保氮除臭有机肥的制造装置及方法 (Device and method for manufacturing nitrogen-preserving deodorizing organic fertilizer ) 是由 艾海舰 高升成 霍治军 贺英 李永忠 张星 张凯煜 薛璐 卢晨希 邵丹丹 吴巍 于 2021-09-13 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种保氮除臭有机肥的制造装置及方法,包括传送带、原料池、缓冲池、发酵池和后腐熟加工装置；原料池、传送带、缓冲池、发酵池和后腐熟加工装置依次连接；发酵池包括通风机组和翻料组件,通风机组设置在池体内底部,翻料组件设置在池体开口处。本发明提供的技术方法通过及时将新鲜鸡粪(1-2天)用于发酵、加入玉米芯粉调整C/N、加入菌剂形成优势菌群、加入过磷酸钙调节PH、采用分级通气技术满足分阶段好氧发酵,实现最大化的降低鸡粪营养损失(特别是氮素损失)、臭气释放,实现鸡粪最大化的资源化与无害化目的,最终实现有机肥的高品质和环境友好型生产。(A manufacturing installation and method of nitrogen-preserving deodorizing organic fertilizer, including conveying belt, raw materials pool, buffer pool, fermentation vat and after-decomposing processing unit; the raw material tank, the conveying belt, the buffer tank, the fermentation tank and the after-decomposition processing device are sequentially connected; the fermentation tank comprises a ventilation unit and a material turning assembly, the ventilation unit is arranged at the bottom in the tank body, and the material turning assembly is arranged at the opening of the tank body. The technical method provided by the invention has the advantages that fresh chicken manure (1-2 days) is used for fermentation in time, corncob powder is added to adjust C/N, microbial inoculum is added to form dominant flora, calcium superphosphate is added to adjust PH, and graded aeration technology is adopted to meet staged aerobic fermentation, so that the nutrient loss (especially nitrogen loss) and odor release of the chicken manure are reduced to the maximum extent, the purposes of recycling and harmlessness of the chicken manure are realized, and finally, the high-quality and environment-friendly production of the organic fertilizer is realized.)

1. A manufacturing device of a nitrogen-preserving deodorizing organic fertilizer is characterized by comprising a raw material tank (1), a conveyor belt (2), a buffer tank (3), a fermentation tank (4) and a post-decomposition processing device (5); the raw material tank (1), the conveyor belt (2), the buffer tank (3), the fermentation tank (4) and the after-decomposition processing device (5) are sequentially connected;

the fermentation tank (4) comprises a ventilation unit and a material turning assembly, the ventilation unit is arranged at the bottom in the tank body, and the material turning assembly is arranged at the opening of the tank body.

2. The manufacturing device of the nitrogen-preserving and deodorizing organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ventilator unit comprises a ventilator, a main ventilation pipeline and a branch ventilation pipeline; the exit linkage ventilation trunk line of a plurality of ventilators, inside the ventilation trunk line stretched into the cell body, was provided with a plurality of ventilation branch pipes on every ventilation trunk line, all seted up the fumarole on every ventilation branch pipe.

3. The device for manufacturing the nitrogen-preserving deodorizing organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the material turning assembly is a turner which is erected on the fermentation tank (4) through a rail.

4. The device for manufacturing the nitrogen-preserving deodorizing organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ventilator unit is a 5.5 kilowatt centrifugal blower connected to a main PE pipeline with a pipe diameter of 110mm, PE branch pipelines with a pipe diameter of 40mm are uniformly distributed on two sides of the main pipeline, vent holes are distributed on the upper surfaces of the branch pipelines, and the vent pressure of each vent hole is the same.

5. The device for manufacturing the nitrogen-preserving and deodorizing organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the raw material tank (1) is a chicken house.

6. A method for producing a nitrogen-preserving and deodorizing organic fertilizer, characterized in that the apparatus for producing a nitrogen-preserving and deodorizing organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 5 comprises the steps of:

1) conveying chicken manure in the henhouse to a buffer tank through a conveyor belt, measuring the water content and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the buffer tank, and adding crushed corncobs for mixing;

2) adding the mixed material of the chicken manure and the corncob powder into an inlet section of a fermentation tank, and scattering an aerobic microbial inoculum and calcium superphosphate onto the surface of the mixed material;

3) turning and mixing the materials at the inlet end of the fermentation tank body by a turner and feeding the materials into a fermentation area;

4) after being turned by the turning machine and ventilated by the ventilator unit, the organic fertilizer is conveyed to a post-decomposition processing device for further post-decomposition to form a semi-finished product for manufacturing the organic fertilizer;

5) and (3) mixing the fermented semi-finished product material with humic acid, potassium chloride and ammonium sulfate, and then granulating to produce organic fertilizers with different requirements.

7. The method for preparing the nitrogen-preserving and deodorizing organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 6, wherein the chicken manure delivery period of step 1 is once a day; in the step 1, the fermentation carbon nitrogen ratio is 26-28:1, and the fermentation water content is 53-55%.

8. The method for preparing the nitrogen-preserving and deodorizing organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 6, wherein the chicken manure in step 2) is added to the inlet section of the fermentation tank within one day after being mixed with the ground corncob uniformly.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizer production, and particularly relates to a device and a method for manufacturing a nitrogen-preserving deodorizing organic fertilizer.

Background

With the continuous improvement of the living standard of people, the demands for meat, eggs and milk are rapidly increased, and the livestock industry is rapidly developed. With the debility elimination and the village revivification trial, the livestock breeding is continuously scaled. A large amount of excrement is generated in the rapid and large-scale livestock and poultry industry, the excrement is unreasonably fermented to generate odor gases such as ammonia gas and hydrogen sulfide, so that the environment is deteriorated and polluted, and the treatment and utilization of the excrement become problems which need to be solved urgently in the breeding industry.

The livestock and poultry manure is rich in nutritive value, particularly chicken manure is rich in high-content nitrogen, can be used as a feed, and most importantly can be used as a fertilizer, so that the livestock and poultry manure can promote further rooting of weight-reducing, drug-reducing, quality-improving and synergistic policies.

Most of the traditional methods for producing fertilizers on a large scale by chicken manure are compost fermentation, and the problems of nutrient loss, bad smell, fumigation and the like caused by the easy generation of anaerobic environment in the compost fermentation are solved. At present, part of aerobic fermentation technologies are adopted, but fermentation tanks are adopted, so that the investment cost is high, the production efficiency is low, and part of the aerobic fermentation technologies adopt low-cost fermentation tanks for fermentation, but the key technologies of column grabbing cannot cause the problems of large-amount volatilization of nitrogen, serious environmental problems, transmission of pathogenic bacteria and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a device and a method for manufacturing a nitrogen-preserving and deodorizing organic fertilizer, which aim to solve the problems.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a manufacturing device of a nitrogen-preserving deodorizing organic fertilizer comprises a conveyor belt, a raw material tank, a buffer tank, a fermentation tank and an after-decomposition processing device; the raw material tank, the conveying belt, the buffer tank, the fermentation tank and the after-decomposition processing device are sequentially connected.

The fermentation tank comprises a ventilation unit and a material turning assembly, the ventilation unit is arranged at the bottom in the tank body, and the material turning assembly is arranged at the opening of the tank body.

Further, the ventilator unit comprises a ventilator, a main ventilation pipeline and a branch ventilation pipeline; the exit linkage ventilation trunk line of a plurality of ventilators, inside the ventilation trunk line stretched into the cell body, was provided with a plurality of ventilation branch pipes on every ventilation trunk line, all seted up the fumarole on every ventilation branch pipe.

Furthermore, the material turning assembly is a turning machine which is erected on the fermentation tank through a rail.

Further, the ventilator unit is 5.5 kilowatt centrifugal blower and is connected with a PE main pipeline with the pipe diameter of 110mm, PE branch pipelines with the pipe diameter of 40mm are uniformly distributed on two sides of the main pipeline, air holes are distributed on the upper surfaces of the branch pipelines, and the air pressure of each hole of the air holes is the same.

Further, the raw material pool is a henhouse.

Further, the preparation method of the nitrogen-preserving and deodorizing organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

1) conveying chicken manure in the henhouse to a buffer tank through a conveyor belt, measuring the water content and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the buffer tank, and adding crushed corncobs for mixing;

2) adding the mixed material of the chicken manure and the corncob powder into an inlet section of a fermentation tank, and scattering an aerobic bacteria agent and calcium superphosphate to the surface of the mixed material;

3) turning and mixing the materials at the inlet end of the fermentation tank body by a turner and feeding the materials into a fermentation area;

4) after being turned by the turning machine and ventilated by the ventilator unit, the organic fertilizer is conveyed to a post-decomposition processing device for further post-decomposition to form a semi-finished product for manufacturing the organic fertilizer;

5) and (3) mixing the fermented semi-finished product material with humic acid, potassium chloride and ammonium sulfate, and then granulating to produce organic fertilizers with different requirements.

Further, the chicken manure conveying period in the step 1 is once a day; in the step 1, the fermentation carbon nitrogen ratio is 26-28:1, and the fermentation water content is 53-55%.

Further, the chicken manure in the step 2) is uniformly mixed with the ground corncob in the same day and then is added into the inlet section of the fermentation tank within one day.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:

the technical method provided by the invention has the advantages that fresh chicken manure (1-2 days) is used for fermentation in time, corncob powder is added to adjust C/N, microbial inoculum is added to form dominant flora, calcium superphosphate is added to adjust PH, and graded aeration technology is adopted to meet staged aerobic fermentation, so that the nutrient loss (especially nitrogen loss) and odor release of the chicken manure are reduced to the maximum extent, the purposes of recycling and harmlessness of the chicken manure are realized, and finally, the high-quality and environment-friendly production of the organic fertilizer is realized.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a nitrogen-preserving deodorizing high-efficiency production technology of an organic fertilizer, wherein a raw material tank, a 2-conveying belt, a 3-buffer tank, a 4-fermentation tank and a 5-after-decomposition processing device are arranged in the diagram;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a fractional aeration technology of a nitrogen-preserving deodorizing high-efficiency production technology of organic fertilizers, wherein f-a centrifugal ventilator set, a g-main ventilation pipeline and an h-branch ventilation pipeline are shown in the figure.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a nitrogen-preserving deodorizing high-efficiency production technical route of an organic fertilizer.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

referring to fig. 1 to 3, the nitrogen-preserving deodorizing high-efficiency production technology of organic fertilizer of the present invention provides the following steps or technologies:

fresh chicken manure is removed from the raw material tank 1 in time, conveyed to the buffer tank 3 through the conveying belt 2, the water content and the C/N of the chicken manure are measured, crushed corncobs are added in time, and the C/N and the moisture of the chicken manure are regulated and controlled according to a proper carbon-nitrogen ratio. The C/N of the chicken manure of a research object is about 5.3:1, the water content is about 75%, 2 parts of the chicken manure is added with 1 part of corncob, the C/N is about 88:1, the water content is 8-10%, the obtained mixed material is favorable for fermentation, the C/N is 26-28:1, and the water content is about 53%.

Adding the mixed material of fresh chicken manure and corncob meal into the inlet section of the fermentation tank 4 in time, and scattering aerobic bacteria agent and calcium superphosphate in a certain proportion to the surface of the pretreated material. The preferred proportioning mode is 40 tons of mixed materials, 4 kilograms of microbial inoculum and 100 kilograms of calcium superphosphate are added.

The turner turns and mixes the materials at the inlet end of the fermentation tank body d and enters a fermentation area, and the fermentation area adopts a linkage grading ventilation technology to promote the fermentation activity of aerobic microorganisms. The preferred ventilation scheme is that the length of a fermentation tank body is 100 meters, the length of an inlet end of the fermentation tank is 4 meters, the length of a fermentation area is 87 meters, the length of an outlet end of the fermentation tank body is 9 meters, the fermentation area is divided into three levels, the distance between first-level ventilation main pipelines is 7 meters and 4 ventilation systems, the distance between second-level ventilation main pipelines is 8 meters and 4 ventilation systems, the distance between second-level ventilation main pipelines is 9 meters and 3 ventilation systems, and each ventilation machine conveys air in 2504 square/hour.

And the material at the tail end of the fermentation area is turned to the outlet end of the fermentation tank by the turner and is conveyed to the after-decomposition processing area 5 to further complete the after-decomposition, so that a semi-finished product made of the organic fertilizer is formed.

The key technology provided by the invention is as follows: the chicken manure must be removed from the chicken house in the same day, so that the situation that the chicken manure is accumulated and anaerobic fermentation generates odor, and the appetite of the livestock and poultry, the production capacity of the livestock and poultry and the environment of a farm are influenced is avoided.

The key technology provided by the invention is as follows: the optimal fermentation C/N of the raw materials is 26-28:1, and the optimal fermentation moisture content is 53-55%. The C/N is too low, which causes the volatilization loss of nitrogen in the form of ammonia gas, causes the loss of nitrogen and environmental pollution, and the C/N is too high, has low microbial activity, long fermentation time and too high fertilizer C/N, contends for nitrogen with crops and is not beneficial to the growth of the crops.

The key technology provided by the invention is as follows: the chicken manure is uniformly mixed with the crushed corncob in the same day, and is added into the inlet section of the fermentation tank within 1-2 days, preferably within 1 day, so that the pollution of a large amount of volatile and odor gas of anaerobic fermentation nitrogen accumulated in the fresh chicken manure to the environment is avoided.

The key technology provided by the invention is as follows: the mixture of the chicken manure and the corncobs as the fermentation material in the fermentation tank 4 is dispersed into a certain proportion of a well-cultivated fermentation bacteria agent to form a well-cultivated fermentation dominant flora. The nitrogen in the material can be converted into stable nitrate nitrogen in a short time, organic matters are decomposed and synthesized into humus, and the nitrogen loss and environmental pollution caused by the formation of ammonium nitrogen by the nitrogen or the release of ammonia gas are reduced;

the key technology provided by the invention is as follows: the fermentation material at the inlet section of the fermentation tank 4 is dispersed with a certain proportion of calcium superphosphate, so that the nutrition of the organic fertilizer is increased, the PH of the fermentation material is adjusted, and the loss of ammonium nitrogen in the form of ammonia gas and the environmental pollution are reduced.

The key technology provided by the invention is as follows: by a reasonable graded aeration technology, aerobic microorganisms are in an optimal activity state, nitrogen is timely converted into stable nitrate nitrogen under an aerobic condition, and the loss of the nitrogen and the generation of odor caused by denitrification effect caused by anaerobism are avoided; according to the materials and the microbial inoculum, the gas quantity is regulated and controlled in stages in time, so that the fermentation is subjected to the fastest low-temperature, medium-temperature and high-temperature stages (up to 65-70 ℃), and the aims of quickly decomposing the materials, performing harmless treatment on excrement, storing nitrogen and inhibiting odor are fulfilled; the graded ventilation technology is characterized in that a centrifugal blower with 5.5 kilowatts is used for conveying air with the air volume of 2504 square/hour and is connected with a PE main pipeline with the pipe diameter of 110mm, PE branch pipelines with the pipe diameter of 40mm and a certain length are uniformly distributed on two sides of the main pipeline, a certain number of vent holes are distributed on the upper surface of each branch pipeline, and the vent pressure of each vent hole is the same. The fermentation area in the fermentation tank is composed of a plurality of blowers, each 110mm main pipeline, branch pipelines and a certain number of air holes distributed on the upper surface of the branch pipelines. The distance between the main ventilation pipelines is gradually increased, and the oxygen requirements of microorganisms in different fermentation periods are met. The ventilators are automatically interlocked, and after the ventilation of the former ventilator is finished, the ventilator is automatically switched to the next ventilator for reciprocating circulation. The main pipeline of ventilation is located the slot that the ground of fermentation vat fermentation zone was cut open, and its is concrete structure all around, can effectively protect air pipe safety.

The key technology provided by the invention is as follows: the step 3 of the graded aeration technology can averagely inject about 63 parts of fresh air per cubic meter of materials every day, so that aerobic microorganisms are completely in the optimal activity state; the turner turns and throws the material up and down, realizes the three-dimensional mixing of material, avoids the production of anaerobic environment and the production of the stink of nitrogen.

The invention takes chicken manure and corncobs as raw materials, and is mainly used for preserving nutrition in organic fertilizer production, in particular to a nitrogen preservation technology and a deodorization and deodorization technology. In fact, under the appropriate optimization of technicians, various breeding excrements can utilize the technology of the invention, and the planting by-products including but not limited to corncobs, aerobic microorganisms and calcium superphosphate are added, so that the purposes of maximum preservation of raw material nutrition and deodorization in the fermentation process are realized through the graded ventilation technology, and finally, the reclamation and the environmental friendliness of the excrements and the straws are realized.

The invention discloses a nitrogen-preserving and deodorizing efficient production technology of an organic fertilizer, which comprises a core technology of graded linkage ventilation, nitrogen preservation and deodorization and is used for solving a plurality of technical problems in the excrement resource production of the large-scale aquaculture industry. The method is characterized in that: the method adopts aerobic, nitrogen-preserving, deodorizing and graded ventilation technologies, maximally protects the nutrition of fermentation raw materials, maximally reduces environmental pollution, maximally realizes high-efficiency fermentation and conversion of the raw materials, and finally realizes harmlessness and recycling of the raw materials, and specifically comprises the following steps or technologies: 1, the raw materials are fresh chicken manure and corncobs as auxiliary materials, wherein the chicken manure is required to be fresh manure in the same day or at the latest two days, so that the influence of a large amount of volatilization of nutrients such as nitrogen and odor on the production and appetite of livestock and poultry is avoided; 2, regulating and controlling the proper proportion of the auxiliary corn cob to the main chicken manure to avoid the limitation of microorganism growth by high C/N and the volatilization loss of low C/N nitrogen, wherein the optimal fermentation C/N is 26-28:1, and the optimal fermentation moisture content is 53%; 3, fermentation adopts a graded linkage aeration technology, and the air quantity is adjusted in time according to the requirement of good culture of microorganisms, so as to ensure that the microorganisms are in the most active aerobic fermentation state; 4, adding an aerobic fermentation microbial inoculum and calcium superphosphate into the raw materials, wherein the microbial inoculum promotes the efficiency of aerobic fermentation, and the calcium superphosphate supplements fertilizer nutrition, regulates and controls the PH of the fermentation raw materials and reduces the loss of nitrogen; 5, controlling the fermentation temperature and process by proper proportion of microbial inoculum and ventilation, ensuring that the materials are rapidly fermented in the first three days, raising the temperature as required, and maintaining the high temperature at 65-70 ℃, thereby effectively killing plant diseases and insect pests; and 6, mixing the chicken manure, the corncobs, the microbial inoculum and the calcium superphosphate raw materials in proportion, adding the mixture into an inlet of a composting pool, regulating and controlling the ventilation quantity in a grading manner, feeding oxygen in an auxiliary turner and moving the material microbial inoculum forward to be in an optimal aerobic active state, forming an organic fertilizer raw material by the material through pre-decomposition and post-decomposition stages at low temperature, medium temperature and high temperature, mixing the organic fertilizer raw material with humic acid, potassium chloride and ammonium sulfate in proportion to produce organic fertilizers with different requirements, and granulating the organic fertilizer to meet different fertilization requirements. The invention is based on the principle of aerobic fermentation, and mainly discloses a nitrogen-preserving technology for producing organic fertilizer by using chicken manure and a deodorization technology in fermentation, thereby achieving the purposes of large preservation and conversion of chicken manure nutrition and minimization of environmental pollution.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment and key technology of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and it should be understood that any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made by those skilled in the art without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.