阅读说明：本技术 用于优化控制混凝土泵等的输送功率的计算机辅助的方法和装置 (Computer-aided method and device for the optimized control of the delivery power of concrete pumps or the like ) 是由 赫尔穆特·巴赫勒 亨宁·斯塔维斯 瓦内萨·伯纳德 鲁迪格·鲍曼 于 2020-04-03 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种用于根据硬化相关的材料和环境参数(RST)控制混凝土泵(1)的输送功率(PQ)的方法和装置,该混凝土泵(1)用于以可泵送的填料(3)填充模板装置(2),填入的填料(3)在模板装置(2)内凝固,该方法包括以下步骤：-根据材料和环境参数(RST)确定以填料(3)填充模板装置(2)的允许的上升速度(v-(SZ)),-测量在填充期间作用于模板装置(2)上的静态填料压力(p-(F)),-根据所确定的允许的上升速度(v-(SZ))和在模板装置(2)处测量的静态填料压力(p-(F))计算混凝土泵(1)的允许的输送功率(P-(Q))。(The invention relates to a method and a device for controlling the delivery Power (PQ) of a concrete pump (1) as a function of hardening-related material and environmental parameters (RST), the concrete pump (1) being used to fill a formwork device (2) with a pumpable filling material (3), the filling material (3) solidifying within the formwork device (2), the method comprising the following steps: -determining the permitted lifting speed (v) of the filling of the stencil device (2) with the filling material (3) as a function of the material and the environmental parameter (RST) SZ ) -measuring the static filling pressure (p) acting on the template device (2) during filling F ) -according to the determined allowable rising speed (v) SZ ) And a static filling pressure (p) measured at the die plate arrangement (2) F ) Calculating the permissible delivery power (P) of a concrete pump (1) Q )。)

1. A method for controlling the delivery power (P) of a concrete pump (1) as a function of hardening-related material and environmental parameters (RST)_Q) For filling a formwork arrangement (2) with a pumpable filling material (3), the filled filling material (3) solidifying within the formwork arrangement (2), comprising the steps of:

-determining an allowable rising speed (v) of filling the stencil device (2) with the filler (3) from the material and environmental parameters (RST)_SZ)，

-measuring the static filling pressure (p) acting on the template device (2) during filling_F)，

-according to said determined allowable rising speed (v)_SZ) And a static filling pressure (p) measured at the template device (2)_F) Calculating the permissible delivery power (P) of the concrete pump (1)_Q)。

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second light sources are selected from the group consisting of,

characterized in that said material and environmental parameters (RST) are selected from the group comprising: filler formulation data (R), template size data (S), external temperature (T).

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the first and second light sources are selected from the group consisting of,

characterized in that the filling agent formulation data (R) are provided on the basis of current construction planning information of a construction planning database (11), in particular a material-specific time hardening characteristic curve being derived or able to be derived from the filling agent formulation data (R).

4. The method of claim 2, wherein the first and second light sources are selected from the group consisting of,

characterized in that information derived from the formwork dimension data (S) is provided on the basis of current construction planning information from the construction planning database (11), in particular the section-by-section concrete casting height, concrete casting area, wall thickness.

5. The method of claim 2, wherein the first and second light sources are selected from the group consisting of,

characterized in that the external temperature (T) is measured via a temperature sensor located at the construction site or provided by a public weather database (12).

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second light sources are selected from the group consisting of,

characterized in that a static filling pressure (p) acting on the formwork device (2) during filling_F) Is performed by a measurement sensor system (8) arranged in the region of the template device (2).

7. An apparatus for performing the method of any of the preceding claims, the apparatus comprising:

-an analysis unit (10) for determining an allowable lifting speed (v) for filling the template device (2) with the filler (3) depending on the material and environmental parameters (RST)_SZ)，

-a measurement sensing system (8; 8') for measuring a static filling pressure (p) acting on the template device (2) during filling_F)，

-an evaluation unit (13) for determining the allowable rising speed (v) from the allowable rising speed (v) determined by the analysis unit (10)_SZ) And a static filling pressure (p) at the template device (2) measured by the measurement sensor system (8)_F) Calculating an allowable delivery power (P) of the concrete pump (1)_Q)。

8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the first and second electrodes are disposed on opposite sides of the substrate,

characterized by being arranged in the area of the template device (2) for measuring the static filling pressure (p)_F) Is configured as a measuring carriage (16) with an integrated pressure or tension measuring sensor (17), the measuring carriage (16) overlapping the opposite formwork outer surfaces (2a, 2 b).

9. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the first and second electrodes are disposed on opposite sides of the substrate,

characterized in that it is arranged in the area of the die plate device (2) for measuring the static filling pressure (p)_F) Is configured as a strain gauge device (18) or an interposed pressure measuring sensor, the strain gauge device (18) being applied on at least one template segment (2 b).

10. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the first and second electrodes are disposed on opposite sides of the substrate,

characterized in that the analysis unit (10) is connected to a central construction plan database (11) containing data records with the required construction plan information, from which the filling formulation data (R) and/or the formwork dimension data (S) are derived.

11. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the first and second electrodes are disposed on opposite sides of the substrate,

characterized in that a measurement sensor system (8) provided on the formwork device (2) for transmitting measurement signals is at least partially wirelessly connected to a computer unit (15), the evaluation unit (13) and/or the evaluation unit (10) with a connected construction planning database (11) being integrated in the computer unit (15).

12. The device according to any one of the preceding claims 7 to 11,

characterized in that the pumpable filling material (3) is cast-in-place concrete.

13. The device according to any one of the preceding claims 7 to 12,

characterized in that the device is connected to a pump control unit (14) for transmitting the calculated pump power (P)_Q) To control the concrete pump (1) accordingly.

14. A computer program with a program code medium for performing the steps of at least claim 1, when the computer program is executed on a computer unit (15) or an analysis unit (10) and an evaluation unit (13) of an apparatus according to any one of claims 7 to 12.

15. A machine-readable data carrier or cloud storage on which a computer program according to claim 14 is retrievably stored.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method for controlling the delivery power of a concrete pump or the like for filling a formwork arrangement with a pumpable filling material (in particular cast-in-place concrete) as a function of curing-relevant material and environmental parameters, the filled filling material solidifying within the formwork arrangement. The invention also relates to an electronic device, preferably controlled by a computer program, for performing such a method.

Background

The field of application of the invention extends mainly to construction engineering. To construct buildings, formwork arrangements of different shapes and sizes are often present, which are used, for example, as wall formworks, column formworks, stair formworks, joist formworks, etc. In principle, these form a casting mould into which a liquid filler (preferably cast-in-place concrete) is introduced to manufacture the building component. After the filler material is set, (i.e., hardened), the template is typically removed from the filler material and reused. The mould space created by the formwork arrangement is preferably filled with cast-in-place concrete, which is usually carried out on the construction site via a concrete pump, which is usually an integral part of the mixer truck. However, within the scope of the invention, the fixed concrete pump can also be controlled in terms of its delivery capacity by means of the solution according to the invention. In addition to concrete pumps, other media pumps are also suitable for this purpose, by means of which the pumpable filling is conveyed for the purpose of the invention. In this connection, gypsum, synthetic resin materials or combinations thereof, for example, are also considered as pumpable fillers.

The patent document DE102008017123a1 describes a general method for controlling the delivery power of a concrete pump, which is designed here as a mixing pump for cast-in-place concrete. The cast-in-place concrete is mixed in the mixing drum of the vehicle and fed via a buffer to a motor-driven concrete pump, which then delivers the cast-in-place concrete to the concrete construction site, i.e. to the area of the mould space of the formwork arrangement. The drive of the concrete pump is switched on and off by the vehicle driver via a remote control unit. In contrast, the feed height in the buffer vessel at the mixing drum is automatically monitored, and the amount of cast-in-place concrete added to the buffer vessel is controlled in accordance with the feed height and in accordance with the driving state of the concrete pump. This achieves a mainly uniform material flow, although the concrete supply for filling the formwork arrangement is opened and shut off manually as required.

In this manual activity, the driver or operator of the concrete pump has to pay attention to: the filling of the template arrangement is not performed too quickly in order to avoid overloading of the template arrangement. Too rapid a filling of the formwork arrangement can lead to damage of the formwork elements and even to bursting of the formwork arrangement. In extreme cases, this safety risk can even be the cause of fatal accidents. Furthermore, filling the formwork arrangement too quickly can result in deformation of the formwork arrangement, resulting in a convex component surface, which can require costly reworking or even removal. . On the other hand, if the filling of the formwork arrangement is too slow due to too slow a conveying speed of the manually selected concrete pump, the resulting delay will cumulatively lengthen. This is because concrete pouring work is usually performed in work steps superimposed on each other, wherein for example climbing forms for building wall structures are moved and filled from one work step to another. This cumulative effect can lead to significant construction time extension.

The correct delivery power of a manually controlled concrete pump therefore depends to a large extent on the experience of the driver or operator. However, other influencing factors, such as the temperature during the hardening of the concrete or the range of fluctuations associated with the formulation, can lead to unpredictable quality fluctuations.

The object of the invention is therefore: a method and a device for controlling the delivery power of a concrete pump or the like for filling formwork arrangements are provided, which ensure an optimum filling speed of the formwork arrangement by means of a material-related and environmental parameter adjustment.

Disclosure of Invention

This object is achieved by claim 1 on the basis of a general method for controlling the delivery power of a concrete pump for filling formwork arrangements. Reference is made to claim 7 with regard to the means for carrying out the method. Claim 14 describes a computer program embodying the method according to the invention, which computer program can be stored in a retrievable manner on a machine-readable data carrier or cloud storage according to claim 15.

The invention includes the procedural teaching of the following sequence of steps:

determining the allowable lifting speed of the formwork device with a filling material (preferably, with cast-in-place concrete) according to the material and environmental parameters,

-measuring the static filling pressure acting on the formwork arrangement during filling,

-calculating the permitted delivery power of the concrete pump from the determined permitted rise speed and the measured static filling pressure at the formwork arrangement.

The optimum delivery power calculated in this way is then used as a control signal for the concrete pump or the like in such a way that it is preferably preassigned to the electronic pump control unit of the concrete pump or the like. This may be done, for example, in the range of control in which the target value is preset.

The invention is based on the following knowledge: i.e. the permissible lifting speed of the filling material in the formwork arrangement, which is dependent on the filling material pressure applied to the formwork arrangement and the pressure distribution occurring along the height of the formwork, is influenced primarily by the filling material formulation (for example the individual concrete formulation and the fresh concrete produced therefrom) and the prevailing external temperature at the construction site as basic material parameters or ambient temperature parameters when the filling material is introduced. The corresponding filler recipe data can be obtained from the building planning information, for example from an implementation planning file in which the building materials to be used are specified. From the likewise existing geometric dimensional data of the structure to be built and from the construction planning information derived therefrom about the formwork (relating to the type and dimensions of the formwork, etc.), relevant environmental parameters, such as filling height, component shape, etc., can also be determined. The use of a relatively weak formwork arrangement therefore results in a correspondingly smaller permissible lifting speed for filling, so as not to overload the formwork arrangement. Conversely, a relatively stronger stencil apparatus may handle a correspondingly higher rate of rise for filling. The relevant environmental parameter may be determined by testing or measurement.

In the case of the environmental parameter external temperature, for example in the case of a relatively high external temperature, a correspondingly rapid setting of the cast-in-place concrete is to be expected, so that under such conditions a correspondingly high rate of rise for the filling of the formwork arrangement can be carried out. The correlation in this respect can also preferably be determined by testing or measurement. Other parameters can also play a role here, such as the wall thickness to be poured, the type of reinforcement to be poured, the formwork height which determines the filling height, etc.

Preferably, the external temperature is measured on site at the construction site via a temperature sensor, in particular in the region of the mixer vehicle or formwork arrangement. Thus, for example, the temperature sensor may be mounted in the filling space of the template device, outside or in the vicinity of the template device. Local job site measurements are also possible, for example in the case of a job site-meteorological station. However, it is also conceivable: the information about the prevailing external temperature is obtained from a publicly accessible local weather database, so that a separate temperature sensor and the signal transmission technology required for this can be dispensed with.

The measurement of the static filling pressure acting on the die plate arrangement during filling provided according to the invention can be carried out in a number of ways. Static filling pressure is understood here to mean the pressure exerted on the formwork wall by the substantially stationary filled filler. Preferably, this is measured by a measuring sensor arranged in the region of the template device.

According to a first embodiment, the measuring and sensing system provided in the region of the formwork arrangement for measuring the static filling pressure can be designed as a measuring carriage with an integrated pressure or tension measuring sensor, which measuring carriage overlaps the opposite formwork section. The overlapping measuring device allows the outwardly directed filling pressure to be determined in a simple manner. Here, the measuring carriage should be positioned at the location of the die plate arrangement where the maximum filling pressure is expected. Typically, the lower portion of the die plate has a higher packing pressure than the upper portion of the die plate due to the known pressure distribution relationship. The bracing or reinforcement of the formwork panel cannot impair the measuring effect in connection with the deformation. Furthermore, the measuring stand should be length-adjustable so as to comprise different spaced-apart template sections.

According to a second embodiment, it is proposed that: the measuring and sensing system for measuring the static filling pressure, which is arranged in the region of the formwork arrangement, is designed as a strain gauge arrangement applied to at least one outer surface of the formwork. The strain gauge arrangement may be used to determine component stresses caused by the packing pressure in the die plate arrangement, which component stresses may be converted to desired pressure values via known physical relationships.

According to an alternative embodiment, the measurement sensor system provided in the area of the template device may also be designed as a pressure gauge or the like, which is inserted into an opening of the template plate. Commercially available pressure measuring sensors made of metal have proven suitable for the purposes of the present invention. These pressure sensors are usually provided with a glycerol filling to transmit the measurements and to record the measurements via the elastomeric film of the end face. Furthermore, so-called pressure loss sensors, which are directly contained in the filling material in the filling space, can also be used as measuring sensor systems. Furthermore, it is also conceivable to use a pressure-sensitive acoustic panel (touchsensitive Schalplatte) in which the pressure measurement function is integrated over the entire surface.

In addition to the control purposes of core interest here, the obtained measurement data can also be used in a central database for verification purposes to the customer/builder or for internal archiving purposes, or as learning data for artificial neural networks. For the purpose of manual control of the control system, a live display can also be considered, which can be made, for example, by accessing the central database via a smartphone application.

According to the invention, the quantity of filler (for example, in particular concrete) to be pumped per unit time is determined from at least a subset of the above-discussed material and environmental parameters, which quantity corresponds to the above-mentioned permitted rate of rise, which in turn determines the permitted delivery power of the concrete pump or the like. The filling level static filling pressure curve or filling pressure curve along the formwork arrangement is used here in particular for checking: whether the delivery capacity can be increased due to a filling pressure below a threshold value, or whether the delivery capacity is reduced due to a filling pressure above a threshold value, or whether the concrete pump is temporarily shut down, etc. By interrupting the pump delivery accordingly, the filler has sufficient time to reduce the filler pressure exerted on the form by the initial curing process. Depending on the application, other control parameters of the concrete pump, such as the flow rate of fresh concrete or the distribution in the filling space of the formwork device, can also be taken into account if necessary.

The above-described control method according to the invention can be implemented by means of an electronic device which, according to a preferred embodiment, comprises a computer unit in which the functions of the analysis unit and the evaluation unit are implemented in software. In this case, the computer unit can be arranged locally on the construction site in the sense of a decentralized solution. Construction site however, preferably, it is proposed that: the computer unit or at least a part thereof is designed at a central location, for example in the form of a remote server with a corresponding database connection, which is connected to a local component (for example a pump control unit of a concrete pump or the like) via a suitable communication link (for example radio data transmission, Wireless local area network (Wireless LAN), internet, etc.) for control purposes. The server receives the measurement signals determined by the measurement sensing system on the template device for the purposes discussed earlier via as identical a communication channel as possible. In addition, other centralized, decentralized, or shared system configurations are also contemplated.

Drawings

The following together with the description of the embodiments of the invention show further measures for improving the invention in more detail on the basis of the drawings. The figures show:

fig. 1 shows a schematic view of a complete system for filling formwork devices, in which a device according to the invention for controlling the delivery power of a concrete pump is integrated.

Fig. 2 shows a schematic detail view of a first embodiment of a measurement sensing system for measuring static pack pressure at a die plate arrangement.

FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of a measurement sensing system for measuring static charge pressure at a die plate apparatus.

Fig. 4 shows a flow chart for explaining the sequence of the main method steps according to the invention, which method steps are carried out by the apparatus comprised in fig. 1. And

fig. 5 shows a pressure profile for illustrating the packing pressure along the height of the die plate.

Detailed Description

According to fig. 1, a concrete pump 1 of a concrete mixer truck (not further shown) is provided, the concrete pump 1 of which is used to fill a construction site of a formwork arrangement 2 (only partially shown here) located at the construction site with a pumpable filling 3, which filling 3 is in this embodiment suitable cast-in-place concrete.

The concrete pump 1 transports the filling material 3 from the buffer container 4 of the concrete mixer truck via a locally positionable pipeline device 5 into the filling region of the formwork device 2. In the present exemplary embodiment, the formwork device 2 surrounds the wall section 6 in order to fill the filling space 7 created by the formwork device 2 with cast-in-place concrete in a subsequent concrete casting step of the wall section 6 according to the current construction plan, wherein the wall section 6 has already been built to some extent during the concrete casting step carried out before.

In the present exemplary embodiment, the template arrangement 2, which is shown in a greatly simplified manner, is formed from two template segments 2a and 2b arranged opposite one another, the template segments 2a and 2b being realized from known template segments of a conventional modular system.

At the die plate device 2, in particular at the die plate section 2b, opposite the filling space 7, a device for measuring the static filling pressure p acting on the die plate device 2 during filling with the filling material 3 is provided_FThe measurement sensing system 8. As a result of the increased filling of the formwork arrangement 2 with the filling material 3 to be hardened, the load acting on the formwork arrangement 2 from the filling space 7 increases, which load is manifested as corresponding component stresses as a result of the outwardly directed forces. In the present embodiment, the packing pressure p will be similar to this_FAs input value is transmitted to the electronic evaluation unit 13 via a wireless communication link.

The associated evaluation unit 10 serves to determine the permissible upward speed v for filling the formwork arrangement 2 with the filling material 3 on the basis of the material and environmental parameters relevant thereto_SZ. To this end, the analysis unit 10 receives various input values including the control-related material and the environmental parameter RST. The filler recipe data R form material parameters which provide recipe information about the used filler 3 in the form of individual values or data records, since, for example, depending on the concrete recipe, there is a material-specific hardening characteristic which also determines the permissible upward speed v during the filling process_SZ. Here, such filler recipe data R is provided by a planning database 11 containing construction planning information. The planning database 11 contains all the required information about the construction plan of the building to be built and, in turn, also the prescribed material specifications for the filler components, which are specified for the construction of the wall section 6 to be built.

In addition, a planning database11 also contain information about the formwork dimensional data S from which, in particular, the section-by-section concrete casting height, the section-by-section concrete casting area, the wall thickness of the concrete casting section, etc. can be derived in order to also take into account the data for determining the permissible upward speed v_SZThe required geometric environmental parameters.

A further relevant environmental parameter to be taken into account is the external temperature prevailing at the construction site during the concrete pouring process, since this external temperature influences the setting process of the filling material 3 to be filled and thus the permissible upward speed v of the filling material 3 to be filled_SZ. In this embodiment, the environmental parameters relating to the external temperature T are provided by a correspondingly updated, publicly accessible weather database 12.

Permissible upward velocity v based on influence_SZOf the material and environmental parameter RST, the analysis unit 10 determines the permitted lifting speed v of the filling of the stencil device 2 with the filling material 3_SZAnd transmits this value to the evaluation unit 13 in order to calculate the permissible delivery power P of the concrete pump 1 which matches this value_Q. Furthermore, for control purposes, the evaluation unit 13 also takes into account the static filling pressure p at the template device 2 measured by the measurement sensor system 8_F. This means that: if the packing pressure p_FBeyond the upper limit value, the evaluation unit 13 requests a reduction of the transmission power P_Q. In a similar manner, if the packing pressure p_FBelow the permissible limit value, the transmission power P is increased_Q. However, this control, mainly for monitoring purposes, is through an allowed rise speed v determined on the basis of the material and environmental parameter RST_SZSuperimposed on the concrete pump 1 with respect to its delivery power P_QThe primary control of (2). Allowable rising speed v_SZResults from the combination of the volume flow delivered by the concrete pump and the geometry of the filling space 7. Instead of the rising velocity v_SZOther parameters similar to this may also be used for control purposes equivalent to the present invention.

In this embodiment, the allowable transmission power P calculated in this manner_QAs control signals via an at least partly wireless communication channel (in)This includes the internet 9) from a central location to a pump control unit 14 of the concrete pump 1 which is locally present on the construction site. In contrast, in this embodiment, the evaluation unit 13 and the evaluation unit 10 are arranged in a central computer unit 15 by means of software, the central computer unit 15 thus being a remote control server. The computer unit 15 has access to the planning database 11 and the public weather database 12 integrated therein and, likewise via at least partially wireless communication, via the internet 9, to the sensor signals of the measurement sensor system 8 at the construction site. Alternatively, in the case of bidirectional data transmission, the sensor signal can of course also be routed via a connection channel of the control unit 14.

FIG. 2 shows a diagram for implementing the method for measuring the above-mentioned static packing pressure p_FIs measured by the first embodiment of the measurement sensing system 8. For this purpose, a measuring carriage 16 is used, which measuring carriage 16 overlaps the opposite formwork sections 2a and 2b, a pressure or tension measuring sensor 17 being integrated at one end of the measuring carriage 16. The device shown here is in particular a pressure sensor. If such a sensor is integrated in the middle section of the measuring carriage 16, it is embodied as a tension sensor, in order to obtain similar measured values.

In the embodiment shown in fig. 3, the measuring and sensing system 8' used for the same purpose is a strain gauge device 18 applied to the surface of the formwork section 2b, which strain gauge device 18 measures the local component stresses in the formwork section 2b at a suitable location in order to derive therefrom a pressure p for the static filling material present_FAnd (4) concluding.

According to fig. 4, in summary, the delivery power P of the concrete pump 1_QIs performed in the sequence of steps listed below, which are preferably implemented by software in the form of a computer program having program code media for performing the steps.

First, the permissible rate of ascent v of a filling the formwork arrangement with a suitable filling is determined based on the supplied material and the environmental parameters RST from the various sources here_SZ。

Parallel to the means for filling the form with filling material, acting on the formStatic packing pressure p on a plate arrangement_FB is measured and provided as a measurement value.

Then, for control purposes, according to the determined permissible rising speed v_SZOr characteristic values similar thereto and the static filling pressure p measured at the die plate arrangement_FCarrying out the permitted delivery power P in relation to the concrete pump 1_QC, wherein the transmission power P_QProportional to the delivered volumetric flow. In a final step, the calculated transmission power P_QOr the like, transmits D in the form of a control signal to the pump control device of the concrete pump 1.

Fig. 5 shows the distribution of the filling pressure along the formwork height H of 6 m for a concrete casting height of 5 m in the final state in three successive concrete casting steps i.e. to iii. By filling fresh concrete into the filling space of the formwork device, a static surface pressure delta is generated on the formwork device_hk. If the hardening of the filling starts from the bottom, the filling pressure drops in connection with this. If the filler is sufficiently hardened, the next concrete pouring step can be performed on this basis. Three concrete pouring steps I.to III, according to each concrete pouring step up to 50kN/m²The maximum load capacity of the formwork arrangement of (a) is obtained, which results in a maximum filling height of about 1.8 meters per concrete pouring step, indicated by the triangular marks. The filling pressure is monitored here by a total of four pressure gauges forming measuring sensors 8a to 8d, which are arranged on the formwork arrangement along the filling level.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described preferred embodiments and their modifications. On the contrary, other variants are also conceivable, which are also covered by the scope of protection of the appended claims. For example, it is also conceivable: the calculation unit determining the control signals of the concrete pump is arranged locally in the concrete mixer truck or fixedly on the construction site, wherein the required construction planning information and other material and environmental parameters are provided by data remote transmission (for example via a mobile radio channel). Furthermore, other materials and environmental parameters may be used for the control purposes of the present invention, as long as they have an effect on the setting process of the filler.

List of reference numerals

1 concrete pump

2 template device

3 Filler

4 buffer container

5 pipeline device

6-wall section

7 filling space

8 measuring and sensing system

9 Internet

10 analysis unit

11 planning database

12 weather database

13 evaluation unit

14 pump control unit

15 computer unit

16 measurement support

17 pressure or tension measuring sensor

18 strain gauge arrangement

A determining step

B measurement step

C calculating step

D a transmission step

P_QTransmitting power

p_FPressure of packing

v_SZAllowable rising speed

RST material and environmental parameters

R Filler formulation data

S template size data

Temperature of T environment

Height of H form

δ_hkStatic surface pressure

I. Concrete pouring step