阅读说明：本技术 一种5-氨基酮戊酸酯化物的制备及后处理方法 (Preparation and post-treatment method of 5-aminolevulinic acid ester ) 是由 鲁光英 于 2021-08-17 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种5-氨基酮戊酸酯化物的制备及后处理方法,低温条件下,向反应容器中加入液体饱和链烃与二甲基甲酰胺的混合溶剂,搅拌降温后,加入5-氨基酮戊酸及对应的丙三醇衍生物,搅拌溶解后,加入4-二甲氨基吡啶,滴加二环己基碳二亚胺,常温保温后反应即得,后将上述制备得到的5-氨基酮戊酸酯化物的盐酸盐用溶剂溶解后的混合液,搅拌回流,在混合液温度为35—45℃时,趁热滴加碳酸氢钠水溶液,滴毕,搅拌析晶,烘干,粉碎即得,本发明采用了滴加碳酸氢钠水溶液的非常规析晶方法,可以高收率、底杂质的得到了化合物A,该方法析晶得到的化合物A产品颗粒小较易粉碎,还能有效去除有关物质,较好地解决了现有技术中存在的问题。(The invention provides a preparation and post-treatment method of 5-aminolevulinic acid ester, adding a mixed solvent of liquid saturated chain hydrocarbon and dimethylformamide into a reaction container under low temperature, stirring and cooling, adding 5-aminolevulinic acid and a corresponding glycerol derivative, stirring and dissolving, adding 4-dimethylaminopyridine, dropwise adding dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, reacting after keeping the temperature at normal temperature, dissolving the hydrochloride of the 5-aminolevulinic acid ester obtained by the preparation by using the solvent, stirring and refluxing, dropwise adding a sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution when the temperature of the mixed solution is 35-45 ℃, stirring and crystallizing, drying and crushing to obtain the compound A, wherein the compound A obtained by crystallization is small in particle and easy to crush, and related substances can be effectively removed, and the problems in the prior art are well solved.)

1. A preparation method of 5-aminolevulinic acid ester is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps:

adding a mixed solvent of liquid saturated chain hydrocarbon and dimethylformamide into a reaction container under a low-temperature condition, stirring and cooling, adding 5-aminolevulinic acid and a corresponding glycerol derivative, stirring and dissolving, adding 4-dimethylaminopyridine, dropwise adding dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, and reacting after keeping the temperature at normal temperature to obtain the product;

the liquid saturated chain hydrocarbon comprises one or more mixed solutions of ethane, propane, hexane and heptane;

in the mixed solvent, the weight ratio of the liquid saturated chain hydrocarbon is 20-80%;

the low temperature is in the range of-10 to 5 ℃;

the glycerol derivative has a formula structure as follows:

wherein R1 is methyl, ethyl or propyl group capable of increasing liposolubility.

2. The method for producing a 5-aminolevulinic acid ester according to claim 1, wherein: and replacing the mixed solvent with dichloromethane or dimethylformamide.

3. A preparation post-treatment method of 5-aminolevulinic acid ester is characterized by comprising the following steps: dissolving hydrochloride of 5-aminoketone valerate prepared in claims 1-2 in a solvent, stirring and refluxing, dripping sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution when the temperature of the mixed solution is 35-45 ℃, stirring and crystallizing, drying and crushing;

the solvent is alcohol compound, including methanol and ethanol.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the concentration of the aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution is 0.5 to 10% (m/m), preferably 4 to 5%.

5. The method of claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the drying temperature is 30-60 ℃.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of drug synthesis, in particular to a preparation and post-treatment method of a 5-aminolevulinic acid ester.

Background

5-aminolevulinic acid is a biological endogenous substance, is a precursor substance for biosynthesis of animal hemoglobin and plant chlorophyll, is widely applied to the field of medicines, can be used as a photosensitizer for treating various cancers, and can also be used for preparing pesticides, herbicides and the like. Due to the unstable structure and limited permeability of 5-aminolevulinic acid, various esterified medicaments such as methyl ester, ethyl ester and the like are continuously on the market in the past 90 s.

In the prior art, a 5-aminolevulinic acid ester compound A for application in the fields of medicines and pesticides is disclosed, and the compound is formed by esterifying 5-aminolevulinic acid and glycerol derivatives, has good stability and permeability, and can be applied in the fields of medicines and pesticides.

The synthetic route is as follows, and is prepared by esterifying 5-aminolevulinic acid and glycerol derivatives, and mainly adopting concentrated sulfuric acid condensation, or esterifying reagents such as thionyl chloride and the like by adopting a conventional mode.

The reaction temperature is high, the reaction regulation is severe, and the above synthesis mode has the problems of more impurities, difficulty in purification, low compound yield and the like. After the compound is formed into hydrochloride, the compound is crystallized by a conventional method, and has the problems of large particles and difficult pulverization.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects and problems in the prior art, the invention provides a preparation and post-treatment method of a 5-aminolevulinic acid ester, which can obtain a compound A with high yield and low impurity content and solves the problems that the compound A has large particles and is difficult to crush after being converted into hydrochloride.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a preparation method of 5-aminolevulinic acid ester comprises the following steps:

adding a mixed solvent of liquid saturated chain hydrocarbon and dimethylformamide into a reaction container under a low-temperature condition, stirring and cooling, adding 5-aminolevulinic acid and a corresponding glycerol derivative, stirring and dissolving, adding 4-dimethylaminopyridine, dropwise adding dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, and reacting after keeping the temperature at normal temperature to obtain the product;

the liquid saturated chain hydrocarbon comprises one or more mixed solutions of ethane, propane, hexane and heptane;

in the mixed solvent, the weight ratio of the liquid saturated chain hydrocarbon is 20-80%;

the low temperature is in the range of-10 to 5 ℃;

the glycerol derivative has a formula structure as follows:

wherein R1 is methyl, ethyl or propyl group capable of increasing liposolubility.

In the technical scheme, the mixed solvent can be replaced by dichloromethane or dimethylformamide, but the yield of the mixed solvent is improved by about 20 percent compared with that of the conventional dichloromethane or dimethylformamide, the product purity is also improved, and the yield of the post-treatment is not reduced by selecting the mixed solvent.

A preparation post-treatment method of 5-aminolevulinic acid ester comprises the following steps:

dissolving compound A hydrochloride in solvent, stirring and refluxing, dripping sodium bicarbonate water solution when the temperature of the mixed solution is 35-45 ℃, stirring and crystallizing, drying and crushing to obtain the compound A hydrochloride;

the solvent is alcohol compound, including methanol and ethanol.

In the above technical solution, the concentration of the aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate is 0.5-10% (m/m), preferably 4-5%;

in the technical scheme, the drying temperature is 30-60 ℃.

The invention adopts an unconventional crystallization method of dripping the sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution, can obtain the compound A with high yield and low impurity, and the compound A obtained by crystallization by the method has small particles and is easy to crush, can effectively remove related substances, and better solves the problems in the prior art.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

An example of the synthesis of a 5-aminolevulinic acid ester as shown in the example is as follows:

1. synthesis of 2-methylpropane-1, 2, 3-tris (5-aminolevulinic acid ester)

1,1,1- (trihydroxymethyl) -ethane

5-aminolevulinic acid

2-methylpropane-1, 2, 3-tris (5-aminolevulinic acid ester) hydrochloride

Adding 2000g of 40% ethane and 60% dimethylformamide mixed solvent into a reaction container, cooling to-5 ℃, adding 50g of 2-methyl glycerol, 78g of 5-aminolevulinic acid and 10g of 4-dimethylaminopyridine under stirring, slowly dropwise adding 60g of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide after uniformly stirring, reacting for 0.5 hour under stirring, heating to 20 ℃, reacting for 8 hours under heat preservation, filtering to remove impurities, concentrating to a small volume, adding 500ml of ethyl acetate to dissolve, concentrating to a small volume, and crystallizing to obtain 81g of 2-methylpropane-1, 2, 3-tris (5-aminolevulinic acid ester).

2. Synthesis of 2-methylpropane-1, 2, 3-tris (5-aminolevulinic acid ester) hydrochloride

Adding 800ml of dichloromethane into a reaction vessel, adding 80g of 2-methylpropane-1, 2, 3-tris (5-aminolevulinic acid ester) into the reaction vessel, stirring and dissolving the mixture, slowly dropwise adding 50ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid, and stirring the mixture for 2 hours at the temperature of 30 ℃. Adjusting pH value to be neutral by NaOH, concentrating to be oily, adding 600ml of methanol, stirring for dissolving, concentrating to be small in volume, stirring for crystallization, and obtaining 76g of 2-methylpropane-1, 2, 3-tris (5-aminolevulinic acid ester) hydrochloride.

3. Working up of 2-methylpropane-1, 2, 3-tris (5-aminolevulinic acid ester) hydrochloride

Dissolving 100g of 2-methylpropane-1, 2, 3-tris (5-aminoketone valerate) hydrochloride by 900ml of ethanol, stirring, heating, refluxing, cooling to 40 ℃, dropwise adding 200ml of 1% sodium bicarbonate water solution, stirring, crystallizing, drying under reduced pressure at 40 ℃, and crushing to obtain the compound.

4. Effect of solvent in 2-methylpropane-1, 2, 3-tris (5-aminolevulinic acid ester)

The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.